• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

Objectives: As a preliminary study on the prevalence of mental disorders in Korean children and adolescents, we investigated the diagnosis distribution of mental disorders in people under 19 years of age using the health insurance data. Methods: From the 2011 health insurance data of 1,375,842 people, the data of 286,465 people under 19 years old were extracted. Among them, we selected 10,778 with psychiatric diagnoses; male 6,453 (59.9%) and female 4,325 (40.1%). The frequency of psychiatric diagnoses in the males was 10,140 (62.7%) cases, which was significantly higher than that (6,031; 37.3%) in the females. We categorized the groups into 3 year intervals. Results: In the males under 3 years old, F80 was the most prevalent diagnosis, followed by F98. F90 and F41 were the most prevalent in the 4-15 and above 16 years old groups, respectively. In the females, F98 was the most prevalent in the children up to 3 years old, while F80 was the second most prevalent. In the 4-6 years of age group, F98 was the most prevalent, followed by F93. F90 and F41 were predominant in the 7-12 and above 12 years old groups, respectively. Conclusion: In the analysis of the frequency of diagnosis of mental disorders in the population under 19 years old, there were significant differences in the distribution based on age and gender.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.173-193
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between Zema 21 and in body based on the Sasang Constitutional difference of children. Methods We collected 1050 children from 5 years old to 15 years old who had been tested for both Zema21 and Inbody in OO oriental hospital from the period of September 1, January 1999 to August 31, 2008. This research investigated the Constitutional differences based on the relationship between Zema21 and Inbody. Results 1. It turned out that the children's height does not have a significant relationship between their age and gender. 2. Generally, Taeumin's weights were significantly high than those of Soyangin's and Soumin's in certain ages in children over 9 years old and in all genders. 3. The percentage of the body fat in Taeumin were significantly high than Soyangin and Soumin in certain ages in children over 10 years old and in all genders. 4. Waist-Hip ratio in Taeumin were significantly high than Soyangin and Soumin in male over 10 years old and in female over 13 years old of children. On the other hand, there was no relationship to the Soyangin and Soumin. 5. The obesity degree in Taeumin were significantly high in all female and male who were over 10 years old. Soyangin were the next highest group and Soumin follows. 6. Body Mass Index in Taeumin were significantly high in all genders who were over 10 years old. The second is Soyangin, and the lowest groupis Soumin. 7. The Basal Metabolic Rate resulted as significant in all age, although this does not have any relationship between age and gender. 8. Abdomen out in Taeumin were significantly high in ages over 10 and genders. The second is Soyangin and the lowest is Soumin. 9. Hip circumference Abdomen out in Taeumin were significantly high in ages over 10 and genders. Specially, Taeumin shows highest value, then the second is Soyangin, and the lowest is Soumin who were over 12 years old. Conclusions The results of Inbody were not significant to the children who were under 9 years old. Taeumin became significantly fat after over 10 years old. The results of Body Composition except height and Basal Metabolic Rate(MBR) were the highest in Taeumin, and Soyangin and Soumin were the second, and the third respectively.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1046-1056
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• 2001

For the purpose of standardizing sizing systems for infants and children's clothing, the researchers surveyed 20 different apparel manufacturers in Korea. The apparel production sizing systems used in the industry were analysed. The researchers also compared standard apparel sizing systems developed for infants and children's clothing in Korea. ISO, Japan, and U.S.A. The followings are the results of this study. 1. As survey findings of companies's views about sizing systems, boys or girls sizing system needed to be developed for 3 years old and over. The plus sizes are needed to be developed and children 9 years old and over need the plus size. 2. The body size specification in most sizing systems collected shows that chest circumference was increased 2cm for every infants sizes, and 3cm for boys and girls'sizes, from size 100 to size 130. However, the chest and waist circumference measurements were increased 4 to 8cm for large sizes, from size 130 to size 170. 3. There are similarity and dissimilarity among the standard sizing systems of ISO, Japan(JIS), U.S.A(ASTM), and Korea(KS). The ASTM developed infants'garment sizes for the babies who are 24months old and under. The most national standards, however, developed infant apparel sizing system for the babies under 105cm tall or 4 years old. 4. The range of body measurements covered by boys/girls sizing system were different by the nation. The U.S. system (ASTM) is for boys and girls who are taller than 120cm. The Japanese system(JIS) is for the children who are taller than 90cm.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2018

Purpose: Monogenic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients do not respond to conventional therapy and are associated with a higher morbidity. We summarized the clinical characteristics of monogenic IBD patients and compared their clinical outcomes to that of non-monogenic IBD patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all children <18 years old who were diagnosed with IBD between 2005 and 2016. A total of 230 children were enrolled. Monogenic IBD was defined as a presentation age less than 6 years old with confirmation of a genetic disorder. We subdivided the groups into monogenic IBD (n=18), non-monogenic very early-onset IBD (defined as patients with a presentation age <6 years old without a confirmed genetic disorder, n=12), non-monogenic IBD (defined as all patients under 18 years old excluding monogenic IBD, n=212), and severe IBD (defined as patients treated with an anti-tumor necrosis factor excluding monogenic IBD, n=92). We compared demographic data, initial pediatric Crohn disease activity index/pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PCDAI/PUCAI) score, frequency of hospitalizations, surgical experiences, and height and weight under 3rd percentile among the patients enrolled. Results: The initial PCDAI/PUCAI score (p<0.05), incidence of surgery per year (p<0.05), and hospitalization per year (p<0.05) were higher in the monogenic IBD group than in the other IBD groups. Additionally, the proportion of children whose weight and height were less than the 3rd percentile (p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively) was also higher in the monogenic IBD group. Conclusion: Monogenic IBD showed more severe clinical manifestations than the other groups.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2009

There has been a significant increase in the number of divorced families during the past 10 years in Korea. Divorce imposes a great impact on their children as well as divorcees. As many as 1.41 million children under 20 years-old have experienced their parents' divorce in past 10 years. Children are faced with much difficulty in adjustment after the parental divorce. Issues of the research and policy on the divorced family are discussed in this study. For future studies, a longitudinal research model, father-custody and grandparent-custody families, custody parents's gender, a theoretical model for Korean divorced families should be considered. New legislations have been recently enacted to enhance children's well-being, but further efforts such as the involvement of child development specialists in the divorce process should be followed in the pursuit of the best interest of the children.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

The phonemic awareness tasks (phonemic synthesis, phonemic elision, phonemic segmentation) by auditory presentation and visual presentation were conducted to 40 children who are 5 and 6 years old. The scores and error types in the sub-tasks by two presentations were compared to each other. Also, the correlation between the performances of phonemic awareness sub-tasks in two presentation conditions were examined. As a result, 6-year-old group showed significantly higher phonemic awareness scores than 5-year-old group. Both group showed significantly higher scores in visual presentation than auditory presentation. While the performance under the visual presentation was significantly lower especially in the segmentation than the other two tasks, there was no significant difference among sub-tasks under the auditory presentation. 5-year-old group showed significantly more 'no response' errors than 6-year-old group and 6-year-old group showed significantly more 'phoneme substitution' and 'phoneme omission' errors than 5-year-old group. Significantly more 'phoneme omission' errors were observed in the segmentation than the elision task, and significantly more 'phoneme addition' errors were observed in elision than the synthesis task. Lastly, there are positive correlations in auditory and visual synthesis tasks, auditory and visual elision tasks, and auditory and visual segmentation tasks. Summarizing the results, children tend to depend on orthographic knowledge when acquiring the initial phonemic awareness. Therefore, the result of this research would support the position that the orthographic knowledge affects the improvement of phonemic awareness.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

목 적: 소아 특히 영유아는 A형 간염에 감염되어도 증상이 대부분 없기 때문에 다른 사람들에게 전파시키는 원인이 된다. 위생상태의 개선으로 A형 간염바이러스에 노출될 기회가 적어지면서 항체가 형성되지 않아 20~30대 젊은 세대에서 A형 간염이 급격히 증가하고 있으며 최근 대유행의 조짐을 보이고 있다. 저자들은 광주. 전남 지역 소아의 A형 간염 항체 보유율을 조사하여 역학적 특성을 이해하고 예방대책 기준을 수립하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 2009년 1월 1일부터 2009년 12월 31일까지 조선대학교병원 소아청소년과에 입원한 18세 이하의 환자 중 수혈이나 면역억제요법을 받은 적이 없는 광주, 전남지역에 거주하는 소아 1,435명(남아 788명, 여아 647명)을 대상으로 IgG anti-HAV 검사하였다. 연령대는 1세 미만, 1세~5세 미만, 5세~10세 미만, 10세~15세 미만, 15세 이상으로 구분하였으며 1세 미만은 개월 수로 세분화하여 비교하였다. 결 과: IgG anti-HAV 양성은 40.8%였으며, 연령에 따른 항체 양성률은 1세 미만은 41% (107/261), 1세~5세미만 49.9% (264/236), 5세~10세 미만 51.1% (180/352), 10세~15세 미만 12.9% (30/232), 15세 이상 8.2% (5/61)로 10세 이상에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 1세 미만을 세분화 하여 조사한 결과 양성률이 1개월 미만은 47.6%였으며 이후 30% 이상의 양성률을 보이다가 7개월경에 감소하기 시작하여 9개월에 14.3%로 감소하였다. 성별에 따른 양성률은 남아 40.6% (320/788), 여아 41.1% (266/647)로 였고 성별 간의 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 거주지에 따른 비교는 광주 42.5% (415/976), 전남 37.3% (171/459)로 광주지역이 높았다. 결 론: 소아에서 IgG anti-HAV 양성률은 40.8%였으나 10세 이상에서 12.9%로 현저히 감소하여 이들이 성인이 되는 경우 현증 A형 간염의 집단 발생 가능성이 높아질 것으로 생각되며 A형 간염에 대한 적극적인 예방접종이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1983

Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness. Both are major contributors to childhood morbidity and mortality, particulary in underprivileged population groups. Protein-calorie malnutrition depress a variety of immune funtions. Delayed hypersensitivity and number of T-lymphocytes are consistently reduced. The interrelationship between nutritional status and immune response was studied in 80 children aged under 6 years. According to the anthropometric assessment based on weight for height for age, 36 children were classified as normal, 22 as morderate malnutrition, and 22 as severe malnutrition. The following determinations were made : hemeglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin, immunoglobulin G, complement 3, and WBC levels. Results indicate that levels of Hb, Hct, serum albumin, and C3 concentration were decreased in moderate and severe malnutrition children. However, levels of IgG and WBC were not affected by the nutritional status. It is suggested that nutritional status has more profound effects on complement system than humoral immunity.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an epidemiologically important virus with a worldwide distribution. It causes acute hepatitis in humans. HAV infection is often subclinical or asymptomatic in children; however, symptomatic acute infections become more common with age. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of anti-HAV among hospital workers in Jeonbuk province. 447 (127 males, 320 females) persons were included in the study from January to June, 2011. Anti-HAV (total and IgM) in the sample serum was measured by VIDAS Hepatitis A (bioMerieux, France), and IgM positive samples were tested in terms of their serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by a HITACHI 7600-010 automatic analyzer (HITACHI, Japan). The overall prevalence of total anti-HAV was 45.9% (205/447), and rate for males (60.6%) was higher than that for females (40%). According to the age group, the prevalence rates of total anti-HAV were 20% (1/5) in those under 20 years old, 11.3% (18/160) in those 20-29 years, 49.7% (71/143) in those 30-39 years, 86.5% (83/96) in those 40-49 years, 92.9% (26/28) in those 50-59 years, and 40% (6/15) in those over 60 years old. The total prevalence of anti-HAV IgM was 0.8% (4/447), and rate for males (1.6%) was higher than that for females (0.6%). Through this study, we determined the prevalence of anti-HAV among hospital workers in Jeonbuk province. The prevalence of the HAV antibody overall was low in hospital workers under 40 years old and in those over 60 years old. Therefore, an improvement in sanitary conditions and hygiene and vaccinations against HAV in this population are recommended.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1973

Since there is nothing in the literature regarding how Koreans value their children, this is an exploratory study attempting to (1) generate ideas as to why women of child- bearing age want children and (2) discover aspects of the interaction between the value of children and the fertility behavior according to socio-economic class and level of education. Fifty women from the Yonhee A Citizen′s Apartment and 50 women from the slum area surrounding the Yonhee Apartment were interviewed by the investigator during the period of October 10 to October 25, 1972. All of the women interviewed were under 35 years of age and had more than one child. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the general characteristics of the respondents, the status of current family planning practice, the number of induced abortions and the reasons for wanting children. An open ended question followed by a forced choice question was the method used to determine the reasons for wanting children. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Half of all the respondents were between 30 and 34 years of age. 2. Four percent of the respondents had no schooling, 51 percent had graduated from primary school, and 45 percent were educated beyond middle school. 3. The most important reasons tot wanting children given by the respondents were categorized as follows: (1) carrying on the family name, (2) old age security, (3) value of life, (4) fun of rearing children, (5) avoidance of loneliness, (6) responsibility of women. 4. The number of consistent answers between the open ended and forced choice questions regarding reasons for wanting children was significantly different. Only 30 women among the total respondents gave consistent answers. Carrying on the family name was the category in which there was the highest rate of consistency. 5. The reasons for wanting children were not significantly different for age, educational level, and number of living children for all of the respondents. 6. In response to the question "If you want to have only one child, which sex , would you prefer\ulcorner" 96 percent of the respondents said they would select a son. 7. Major suggestions for further study were to differentiate. (1) between reasons women want children and reasons women have children and (2) between reasons men want children and reasons women want children.