• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

Objectives: Rwanda reported a stunting rate of 33% in 2020, decreasing from 38% in 2015; however, stunting remains an issue. Globally, child deaths from malnutrition stand at 45%. The best options for the early detection and treatment of stunting should be made a community policy priority, and health services remain an issue. Hence, this research aimed to develop a model for predicting stunting in Rwandan children. Methods: The Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020 was used as secondary data. Stratified 10-fold cross-validation was used, and different machine learning classifiers were trained to predict stunting status. The prediction models were compared using different metrics, and the best model was chosen. Results: The best model was developed with the gradient boosting classifier algorithm, with a training accuracy of 80.49% based on the performance indicators of several models. Based on a confusion matrix, the test accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 were calculated, yielding the model's ability to classify stunting cases correctly at 79.33%, identify stunted children accurately at 72.51%, and categorize non-stunted children correctly at 94.49%, with an area under the curve of 0.89. The model found that the mother's height, television, the child's age, province, mother's education, birth weight, and childbirth size were the most important predictors of stunting status. Conclusions: Therefore, machine-learning techniques may be used in Rwanda to construct an accurate model that can detect the early stages of stunting and offer the best predictive attributes to help prevent and control stunting in under five Rwandan children.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.251-268
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• 2014

Applying the data from 64 single(26 men and 38 women) and 71 childless married men and women(37 men and 34 women) aged between 30 and 45, this study is to understand their future fertility intention. For this purpose, ideal and real number of children that participants plan to have were compared using paired t-test. Second, demographic variables(sex, age, marital status), child care related variables(thoughts about caring children, child care value), individual characteristics(gender role attitude, relation orientation) and social context variables(perceived economic condition, recognition of low fertility policies) were included in a stepwise regression model to explain expected number of children participants plan to have in the future. Results showed that ideal number of children participants wish to have was significantly higher than real number of children they expect to have in the Korean society. The stepwise regression model explained 35% of the variance of the dependent variable. Among four types of variables, child care related variables most powerfully explained expected number of children study participants plan to have in the future. Finally, age, child care value, gender role attitude, and relation orientation significantly explained expected number of children in the future.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.181-194
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• 1989

This study examined the characteristics of the relationship of HOME, socio-demographic variables and children's intellectual and social abilities. The subjects of this study were 80 children at age four and their mothers. Instruments included inventory of home stimulation (HOME) and the inventory of socio-demographic variables and K-Binet scale, social naturation scale, and the social-emotional developmental rating scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. HOME, socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation (.37∼..66) with children's intellectual ability. 2. HOME, Socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation(.26∼..67) with children's social ability. 3. The variables that significantly predicted children's intellectual ability were play materials, breadth of experience and quality of langage environment. 4. The variables that significantly predicted children's social ability were play materials, economic status of the home and parent education. 5. The results of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's intellectual ability directly were direct stimulation, parent's education, indirect stimulation, and the emotional climate of the home. 6. The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's social ability directly were direct stimulation, parent's education, economic status of the home.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test whether maternal uncertainty and the general characteristics of mothers and children influenced maternal coping. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 190 mothers whose children had been admitted to the pediatric ward of a general hospital completed self-report questionnaires during their children's hospitalization. The questionnaires assessed the general characteristics of the mothers and children, maternal uncertainty, and maternal coping. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research model. Results: In the multivariable model, help from one's spouse (t=3.10, p=.002), religion (t=2.68, p=.008), overall ambiguity (t=2.64, p=.009), and family income (t=2.33, p=.021) were associated with higher coping scores. Conclusion: This research model presents possible guidelines for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive and accurate information on children's illnesses and treatments for mothers of children hospitalized in general hospitals. In particular, nurses should pay more attention to mothers who are not receiving help from their spouses, are not religious, and have a low family income.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.622-636
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of self-image congruence on attitudes toward purchase intentions of children's clothing via the Behavioral Intention Model. The empirical study was conducted via on-line survey and data were collected from mothers with children aged 6 to 10 years. A total of 593 respondents answered the questionnaire and 574 usable data were statistically analyzed. SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, Chi-square test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted based on three dimensions brand images of children's wear. Respondents were divided into four groups: elegant image group, multiple image group, ordinary image group, and childlike image group. Characteristics of consumers and clothing evaluative criteria that mothers considered important differed significantly across groups. Moreover, based on these groups, each dimension of self-congruence had different effects on brand attitude. Brand attitude and subjective norms had different effects on purchase intentions. In conclusion, levels of self-congruence and factors influencing purchase intention varied according to brand images of children's wear.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.113-132
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• 2001

In order to develop a model for better understanding of causal relationships in resiliency factors in families of children with disabilities, 200 families participated in this adaptation of the Resiliency Model of McCubbin and McCubbin(1993). The 6 latent variables included in the hypothesized model were family stress, family hardiness, family schema, community support, family problem-solving communication, and family adaptation. The models were developed on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis and compared using covariance structure modeling (LISREL). Adequate fitness of the model was observed. Family stress showed negative effect on family schema and on family hardiness. Family schema showed positive effect on community support and on family hardiness. Family hardiness showed positive effect on family problem-solving communication, and family problem-solving communication showed positive effect on family adaptation.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1978

The author studied occlusion in the primary dentition of 3~5 year old children and the materials for the present study comprised plaster model of 266 children in Seoul. The results were as followings; 1) In sagittal canine relationship, 63.9%(170 children) showed class 1 pattern, 2.3%(6 children) showed class 2 pattern, 21%(56 children) showed class 3 pattern and 12.8%(34 children) showed a different canine relationship in each side. 2) In sagittal molar relationship, 44.3% 118 children) showed class 1 pattern, 6.1%(16 children) showed class 2 pattern, 32.3%(86 children) showed class 3 pattern and 17.3%(46 children) showed a different molar relationship in each side. 3) In overjet, 87.8%(234 children) showed under 2mm. 4) 5.3%(14 children) showed crossbite and 4.6%(12 children) showed scissors-bite. 5) 21.8%(58 children) showed midline deviation. 6) Primate space was coincided with more common position of interdental space.

• 아동학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-40
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• 1985

This study investigated Korean children's early acquisition of negatives and focused on four research questions: 1) processing of negative variations; 2) the nature of negatives when negatives are completely acquired in Korean (in which meaning and form are matched in one to one mapping); 3) the validity of Bellugi's negative acquisition model in Korean; and 4) the cause of child's erroneous sentence production: limited ability or regularity in children's cognition. The language data of the five subjects (age span; 1.1 - 3.11) were collected by their parents in the natural setting of the home. The results showed that 1) the pivot form, was processed in many ways from a simple to a complicated form, such as <(X+X')+N> <(x+x')+N,Y> <(x+x') N,(y+y')>. It appeared that the children used a simple negative format to reach a one-step advanced negative format. 2) Korean negatives are divided into range of negation in the negative sentence (part or whole), strength of negation (absolute or general), functions of meaning (negation, absences, refusal, prohibition, impossibility). All five children acquired negative sentences in all functions and the complete range after 3 years of age. 3) In spite of the differences in age level, Bellugi's four stage model was in evidence; that is, Korean children's negative acquisition was almost identical with Bellugi's tour stage model in deep structure. 4) Analyses of children's error sentences showed that the sentences with errors were made not because of the children's limitation in cognitive ability but because of the strict application of regularity of rules from the original grammars. Consequently, the children produced negative sentences using two rules: the rule of additive complexity (from simple to complex) and the rule of division (from one to several).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop and validate Eating Behaviors Test form (EBT) for infants and young children, including eating behaviors of their parents and parental feeding practices. Methods: Draft version of EBT form was developed after a pretest on 83 mothers. It was consisted of 42 questions including 3 components; eating behavior of children, eating behavior of parents, and parental feeding practices. Using these questionnaires, the first survey was conducted on 320 infants and children, 1 to 6 year old, for exploratory factor analysis, and the second survey was collected on 731 infants and children for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on 42 questions of EBT form resulted in 3 factor model for children's eating behavior, 3 factor model for parents' eating behavior, and 1 factor model for parental feeding practices. Three factors for children's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1, pickiness (reliability ${\alpha}=0.89$; explanation of variance=27.79), factor 2, over activity (${\alpha}=0.80$, explanation of variance=16.51), and factor 3, irregularity (${\alpha}=0.59$, explanation of variance=10.01). Three factors for mother's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1,irregularities (${\alpha}=0.73$, explanation of variance=21.73), factor 2, pickiness (${\alpha}=0.65$, explanation of variance= 20.16), and factor 3, permissiveness (${\alpha}=0.60$, explanation of variance=19.13). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an acceptance fit for these models. Internal consistencies for these factors were above 0.6. Conclusions: Our results indicated that EBT form is a valid tool to measure comprehensive eating and feeding behaviors for infants and young children.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.303-330
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• 2006

우리나라 빈곤 아동의 다수가 부모가 부재하거나 있더라도 장애나 질병으로 실질적인 부모로서의 역할을 담당하지 못하는 경우가 많은 상황이다. 따라서 아동들이 불가피하게 가족 내에서 다른 성인의 역할을 대체하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 지금까지 빈곤 관련 선행연구들에서는 가사나 돌봄 노동과 같은 성인역할을 하고 있는 아동들에 대한 고려는 매우 부족했다. 이에 본 연구에서는 빈곤과 사회정서적 발달간의 관계에서 성인역 부담의 기제를 규명하고자 했다. 즉, 아동이 성인 역할을 수행하는 데에서 오는 부담이 그들의 사회정서적 발달에 어떠한 기제로 영향을 미치는지를 고찰하고자 했다. 이를 위해 서울시 소재 자치구내 초등학교 4학년 학생 및 학부모를 대상으로 매년 1회 조사를 실시하는 서울아동패널연구(Seoul Panel Study of Children; SPSC) 1차년도(2004년도) 자료를 활용하여 구조방정식모형으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 빈곤과 가족의 구조적 결손이 가족기능에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐서 아동의 성인역 부담을 증가시키게 되고, 이는 결과적으로 아동의 사회정서적 문제를 야기하게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 결론에서는 이상의 결과에 기반하여 빈곤 아동의 성인역 부담을 경감시키기 위한 개입 전략과 실천 지침을 논의하였다.