• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1996 no.05
• /
• pp.331-334
• /
• 1996

The present study was performed to investigate gait characteristics of 30-39 year-old normal adults and 9-10 year-old children. The results focused on joint motions in the sagittal plane and ground reaction forces. The results will play an important role as a valuable data to determine normal and abnormal gait patterns as well as gait characteristics of Korean people.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2006

A large interindividual variability and some abnormally kinematic patterns at the lower extremity were the main features of the gait in children with Down syndrome. The purposes of this study were to investigate the gait asymmetry and biomechanical difference between dominant leg and non dominant leg in children with Down syndrome. Seven boys with Down Syndrome(age: $120{\pm}0.9yrs$, weight $34.4{\pm}8.4kg$, leg length: $68.7{\pm}5.0cm$) participated in this study. A 10.0 m ${\times}$ 1.3 m walkway with a firm dark surface was built and used for data collection. Three-dimensional motion analyses were performed to obtain the joint angles and range of motions. The vertical ground reaction forces(%BW) and impulses($%BW{\cdot}s$) were measured by two force plates embedded in the walkway. Asymmetry indices between the legs were computed for all variables. After decision the dominant leg and the non dominant leg with max hip abduction angle, paired samples t-test was employed for selected kinematic and ground reaction force variables to analyze the differences between the dominant leg and the non dominant leg. The max hip abduction angle during the swing phase showed most asymmetry, while the knee flexion angle at initial contact showed most symmetry in walking and running. The dominant leg showed more excessive abduction of hip in the swing phase and more flat-footed contact than the non dominant leg. Vertical peak force in running showed more larger than those of in walking, however, vertical impulse showed more small than walking due to decrease of support time. In conclusion, the foot of dominant leg contact more carefully than those of non dominant leg. And also, there are no significant difference between the dominant leg and the non dominant leg in kinematic variables and ground reaction force due to large interindividual variability.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an effective obesity management program for elementary school children, based on the motivation theory. Method: This study was a methodological study. A child obesity management program, based on the motivation theory was developed, a web site was made and children with obesity participated in the internet program. After the children finished the program, they evaluated the clinical validity of the program. The clinical validity was tested from Jun 12 to 16, 2006. The participants were 6 students. The evaluation tool was Keller's IMMS(Instructional Material Motivation Survey). Data were evaluated using $means{\pm}SD$ for four major components A,R,C,S (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), based on ARCS in the motivation theory. Results: The program developed in this study was named 'ARCS children obesity escape', and the URL is 'http://www.119kid.co.kr'. Regarding the four components of ARCS, the overall reaction of participants showed that they were very highly motivated by this program. Conclusion: Utilizing the ARCS motivation strategies for solving obesity problems for children is an effective method to motivate the management of obesity, and can increase achievement motivation, attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction with the management of obesity. Thus, the program developed in this study is expected to reduce obesity in children, and become an important guide for obesity management and health improvement for children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate epidemiological data of the viral pathogens obtained from stool exams and provide information on the regional prevalence of infectious diarrheal disease west in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Methods : We enrolled a cohort of children <10 years of age admitted for treatment of acute diarrhea at Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea. In total, 310 fecal specimens, documented to be free of common bacterial pathogens, were collected from pediatric patients during a 12-month period from January to December 2009 and were tested for the presence of rotavirus, parechovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, enterovirus, and norovirus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Results : The most common virus was parechovirus (16%), followed by adenovirus (15%), astrovirus (14%), rotavirus (13%), and enterovirus (5%). Interestingly, only one of the specimens was positive for norovirus. Single infection cases were detected in 173 (55.8%) of the 310 children, whereas mixed viral infections were detected in 10 (3.2%) of the same children. Viral gastroenteritis generally showed a double peak of incidence. Parechovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus shared a similar pattern of peak incidence with overall viruses; however, astrovirus infections occurred more frequently in the spring. Eighty-five percent of the confirmed viral gastroenteritis cases developed in under 24 months. Conclusion : The results support the importance of parechovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and enterovirus as causative agents of diarrhea in children, which may be underestimated by current routine diagnostic testing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 2005

Mutans streptococci have been reported to be implicated in dental caries. Of these streptococcal species, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are most commonly found in human dental caries. Prevalence of these bacterial species in dental caries is found to be varied in different races and countries. Therefore, importance of these bacteria in dental caries remains to be determined. The present study was peformed to detect S. mutans and S. sobrinus in 52 Korean children with dental caries between 2 to 6 years of age. For the study, plaque samples were collected from caries-active(CA) and caries-free(CF) teeth of each subject. DNA was extracted from the plaques and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using primers corresponding to dex and gtf genes. The results obtained from the study were as follows: 1. Of 52 children, 37 children (71.2%) were found to harbor S. mutans and/or S. sobrinus. 2. Of the MS-infected 37 children, 3 children (5.8%) harbored S. mutans and/or S. sobrinus in the CF plaques only, 22 children (42.3%) in the CA plaques only and 12 children (23.1%) in both CF and CA plaques. 3. S mutans and/or S. sobrinus were detected in 34 CA plaques (65.4%), while 15 in CF plaques (28.8%) 4. In the case of CF plaques, 8 plaques (15.4%) were observed to harbor S. mutans only, 6 plaques (11.5%) to harbor S. sobrinus only and 1 plaque (1.9%) to harbor both species. 5. Of CA plaques, 24 plaques (46.2%) were detected to have S. mutans only, 2 plaques (3.8%) to have S. sobrinus only and 8 plaques (15.4%) to have both species. 6. In comparison with the efficiency of two different primers for PCR, it was found that the primer based on gtf gene was more effective in detecting S. mutans, while the primer corresponding to dex gene was better for S. sobrinus. Overall results suggest that MS appears to be important in dental caries of the Korean children, and S. mutans is more closely associated with than dental caries as compared to S. sobrinus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.56 no.11
• /
• pp.477-481
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Ureaplasma colonization is related with perinatal complications in preterm infants. Little is known about the difference in virulence among various Ureaplasma urealyticum serovars. The aim of this study was to determine U. urealyticum serovars of preterm infants in order to assess whether any of the serovars were associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods: Three hundred forty-four preterm infants with a gestational age less than 34 weeks admitted to Gangnam Severance Hospital neonatal intensive care unit from July 2011 to December 2012 were included in this study. Tracheal and gastric aspirations were conducted on infants to confirm Ureaplasma colonization. Ureaplasma colonization was confirmed in 9% of infants, of these, serovars were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 31 infants (gestational age, $29.3{\pm}3.1$ weeks; birth weight, $1,170{\pm}790g$) were U. urealyticum positive. The Ureaplasma positive group treated for more days with oxygen and ventilation than the negative group (P<0.05). Histologic chorioamnionitis and moderate to severe BPD were more frequent in the Ureaplasma positive group than in the negative group (P<0.05). U. urealyticum isolates were either found to be a mixture of multiple serovars (32%), serovar 9 alone or combined with other serovars (39%), serovar 11 (26%), 2 (13%), 8 (10%), 10 (13%), and 13 (25%). No individual serovars were significantly associated with moderate to severe BPD and chorioamnionitis. Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the distribution of U. urealyticum serovars from Korean preterm infants. Ureaplasma -colonized infants showed higher incidence of BPD and chorioamnionitis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.224-226
• /
• 2013

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is characterized by a severe idiosyncratic reaction including rash and fever, often with associated hepatitis, arthralgias, lymph node enlargement, or hematologic abnormalities. The mortality rate is approximately 10%, primarily owing to liver failure with massive or multiple disseminated focal necrosis. Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old girl treated with vancomycin because of a wound infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, who presented with non-specific symptoms, which progressed to acute liver failure, displaying the hallmarks of DRESS syndrome. With the presence of aggravated hepatic encephalopathy and azotemia, the patient was refractory to medical treatments, she received a living-donor liver transplantation, and a cure was achieved without any sign of recurrence. Vancomycin can be a cause of DRESS syndrome. A high index of suspicion and rapid diagnosis are necessary not to miss this potentially lethal disease.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 1998

Mothers play a major role in children's consumer socialization but little is known about differences in mother's consumer socialization tendencies and the antecedents causing the differences. This study addresses two research questions: First, what are the underlying dimensions of mother's consumer socialization? Second, what are the antecedent variables causing differences in mother's consumer socialization tendencies; can parental style, consumption-related attitudes (attitude toward marketplace and ads., attitude toward consumerism and consumption-oriented attitude) be used as a conceptual basis for hypothesizing these differences? The findings of this research were as follows: 1. Factor analysis suggested five underlying dimensions of mother's consumer socialization of children; Mother-child communication about consumption, Mediation of media, Reaction to purchase requests, Restriction of allowances and Restriction of consumption. 2. The differences in the mother's consumer socialization tendencies among different parental groups matched the differences in child-rearing behaviour suggested by Developmental Psychology and this provided support for expected relationships between general-consumer socialization tendencies, as measured by mothers' behaviour. 3. Differences were found on all factors according to mothers consumption-related attitude. This provided support for the expectation that mothers' consumption related attitudes are important antecedent variables causing differences in consumer socialization tendencies. Some implications and directions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with diverse modes of inheritance. There are several subtypes of SCAs. SCA 8, SCA 12, and SCA 17 are the less common forms of SCAs with limited information available on their epidemiological profiles in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SCA8, SCA12, and SCA17 in Korea. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six unrelated Korean patients were enrolled and showed normal trinucleotide repeats through polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) for the genes ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, CACNA1A, and ATXN7, which correspond to SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA7, respectively. PCR products from patients were further analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using fluorescence labeled primers for the genes ATXN8OS, PPP2R2B, and TBP, which correspond to SCA8, SCA12, and SCA17. Results: Three patients had 104, 97, and 75 abnormal expanded repeats in the ATXN8OS gene, the causative gene for SCA8. None of the patients exhibited abnormal repeats in SCA12 and SCA17. Normal trinucleotide repeat ranges of the cohort in this study were estimated to be 17-34 copies (average, $24{\pm}4copies$) for SCA8, 7-18 copies (average, $13{\pm}3copies$) for SCA12, and 26-43 copies (average, $35{\pm}2copies$) for SCA17. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SCA8, SCA12, and SCA17 are rare in Korean patients with SCA, and further genetic studies are warranted to enhance the mutation detection rate in the Korean SCA population.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2013

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, epidemiology and the clinical manifestation of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in Korean children. Methods : From February 2010 to January 2012, we collected nasopharyngeal aspiration from 1,554 children who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections at the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital. hMPV was detected by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The medical records of the patients with positive results were retrospectively reviewed. Results : We detected hMPV in 99 of the 1,554 hospitalized children. The mean age of the hMPV infected children was 25 months, and 87% of the illnesses occurred between April and June. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (73%) and bronchiolitis (16%). The clinical manifestations included cough, fever, respiratory distress, hoarseness, tachypnea, and wheezing. Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was found in 43 children (43%). Conclusion : hMPV is one of the major virus causing acute respiratory tract infection in the age between 13 months and 48 months old with peaks during April to June. Reports of hMPV in Korea has been increasing but additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of disease caused by hMPV to determine future development of this illness in Korean children.