• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.249-268
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preschooler's temperament on peer play activity, focusing on the mediation of mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors Methods: 1695 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires on children's temperament and peer play behaviors, and mothers' parenting behaviors. Data were analyzed by regression analyses by SPSS 18.0. Results: First, preschoolers' sociability exerted positive effects on good peer play behaviors(play interaction) and negative effects on the bad peer play behaviors (disruption, disconnection) and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Second, preschoolers' emotionality exerted negative effects on good peer play behaviors and positive effects on the bad peer play behaviors and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Preschoolers' activity exerted positive effects on good peer play behaviors and negative effects on the bad peer play behaviors and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: These findings provide preliminary evidence that mothers' social interaction parenting behavior partially mediate the effects of preschoolers' temperament on peer play behaviors. Implications for the use of intervention targeting specific temperament have been discussed.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing perioperative anxiety in children undergoing surgery. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the primary outcome of children's perioperative anxiety was conducted. The literature search was performed using various databases, including Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Korean electronic databases with confined to RCTs between 2000 and 2020. A total of sixteen studies were suitable the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. The bias risk of randomized studies was evaluated using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. For the meta-analysis, RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze effect sizes of interventional factors. Results: Finally, twelve RCTs studies were used for meta-analysis. The non-pharmacological interventions implemented to reduce perioperative anxiety in children were therapeutic play, clown therapy and information provision. First, therapeutic play had a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety, with an effect size of -1.46 (95% CI=-1.78~-1.14). Second, clown therapy had a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety, with an effect size of -0.97 (95% CI=-1.45~-0.49). Finally, the provision of information had a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety, with an effect size of -0.75 (95% CI=-0.99~-0.51). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that non-pharmaceutical interventions provide effective methods of reducing perioperative anxiety in children. Therefore, the findings verify evidence that various non-pharmacological interventions are effective means for reducing children's preoperative anxiety.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-52
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore the relation among mother's rearing attitude in infancy, children's self-concept and the relationship with friends in childhood by using the longitudinal data originated by the Korean Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences(KIRBS). Specifically, using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM), the causal relation among the mother's rearing attitude in infancy, children's self-concept and the relationship with friends in childhood were examined across a 8-year-period. The subjects were 68 children(38 boys and 30 girls) from the KIRBS longitudinal data. The results showed that mother's rearing attitude in infancy can be consequential environmental variable factor, and children's self-concept do not play an essential intermediate role between mother's rearing attitude in infancy and the relationship with friends in childhood. This study used a newly attempted method in the field of Human Development.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated 5-year-old children's developmental levels for creative and social personalities according to gender, and whether participation in STEAM-based unplugged robotic activities can improve their creative and social personalities. Methods: Participants were 5-year-old children (N=125) from 11 child care centers. The experimental group included 29 boys and 24 girls enrolled in classrooms that implemented an unplugged activities curriculum over five weeks. The control group consisted of 38 boys and 34 girls. Data were analyzed using a t-test and analysis of covariance, and Hedges' g was used to measure effect size. Results: First, the participating children's mean scores on creative and social personalities were 3.20 and 3.53 on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively. Girls scored higher than boys in sensitivity-various interests and imagination-playfulness domains of creative personality and all three domains of social personality. Second, children in the experimental group showed improvement in all domains of social personality and the effect size was large. They also improved in three domains (openness-humor, imagination-playfulness, independency-immersion) of creative personality, although the effect size was small. Conclusion/Implications: The results imply that implementing a robotics curriculum with unplugged play activities in early childhood classrooms contributes to 5-year-old children's development of creative and social personalities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-19
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• 1999

The Revised Classroom Play(RCP) scale was validated for Korean 4th grade students. 104 boys and 80 girls took the translated RCP. Test-retest reliability was established with 41 children after 2 months, and test of criterion-related validation was established by the Social Behavior Scale administered to 71 children. All raw scores were standardized by classroom and sex to adjust for differences in the number of nominators and nominatees. The structure of the RCP resulted in 3 factors, 'sociability-disruptive' and 'shy-isolated', with 28 items similar to the original RCP 3 factors. For criterion-related validity, the correlations between the 3 factors of the RCP and the 3 factors of the Social Behavior Scale were positive. For internal consistencies, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the RCP factors ranged from .77 to .94. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .33 to .51. Analyses of variance revealed good item discrepancies for all 28 items. These results confirm the RCP as a valid and reliable measure of the quality of peer relations.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a KPAAT(Korean Parent As a Teacher Test) and provide a basic data to develop parent education program. Methods: This is a secondary analysis study using 103 preschool mothers who were chosen from 2 kindergarten and child care center located at Kyounki-Do. Results: 1) Subjects' child-rearing attitude was above average at the point of $2.86({\pm}\;.20)$. 2) 16 sub-dimension(response to question, permissive attitude of play, control, control of play, expectation about child, understanding about learning, support of learning, encouragement of thinking, provision of imaginary play opportunities, support of play, encouragement of accomplishment motivation, propriety of child-rearing, affectional support, fixed idea, confidence about education, limitation) and 6 factors(response to question, permission of play, control & limitation, evaluation & support about child, encouragement of academic accomplishment, facilitation of the development of creativity) were above 2.50 except ($2.24{\pm}\;.29$) sub-dimension. 3) There was no significant difference statistically according to subjects' general characteristics. Conclusion: From this study, KPAAT can be utilized later childhood period. And nurses need to help mothers to have sound child rearing attitude.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 2015

The library means to children a place where they find information necessary for them among a variety of knowledge and information to address their intellectual curiosity, which makes their lives wise and mature. There are not enough research materials understanding children's cognitive systems and behaviors in studies of a children's library with this necessity. This study divided and analyzed the behaviors of children, who were users into three types of reading in terms of information processing. First, it observed the types of reading depending on the stage of their cognitive development; Second, it analyzed the patterns of their behaviors through plays; and lastly, it presented the phases of their behaviors depending on the degree of an assistant's intervention. As a result of the study, the sensory system used and the space preferred differed depending on the stage of their cognition; there were differences in the patterns of their behaviors in each age group depending on the type of play; and there were differences in the children's ability of information processing depending on the assistant's ability. It is anticipated that there will be improvements of children's reading ability at the reading room in a better environment if the three types are considered in terms of information processing.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to classify playground types according to the physical characteristics of playgrounds in child care facilities, to analyze the needs of care-givers and to evaluate the adequacy of playgrounds according to playground types. The specific areas discussed in this study were the evaluation of the adequacy in the physical characteristics of playgrounds for children's outdoor play activities by the care-givers, who assist in the outdoor play activities of children and manage safety in the playground, and a report on playground requirements of them. Data was collected from field survey carried out to investigate the physical characteristics of playgrounds of 21 child care facilities. This survey incorporated a structured-questionnaire for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of the physical characteristics of playgrounds (location and size of the playground, play equipments, the composition of play areas, ground covers, and location of sidewalk in the playground) by the 181 care-givers from the facilities and investigating the needs of them. The major results showed the following. 1) In field survey, it was observed that while the location and the size of the playgrounds varied widely, ground cover, play equipments, and the composition of play area turned out to be identical, regardless of the location and the size of the playgrounds. 2) The playgrounds were classified into five types according to the number of children and the size of the playground. The five types include A-type as a large-scale facility/smallsize playground, B-type as a small-scale facility/large-size playground, C-type as a small-scale facility/small-size playground, D-type as a middle-scale facility/large-size playground, and E-type as a large-scale facility/large-size playground. 3) The adequacy of the physical characteristics of playground in the D-type was evaluated to be higher than that of the other types. The adequacy of the C-type playground was evaluated to be lower than that of the other types in terms of size and the composition of play areas within the playground. 4) The care-givers of the D-type and the E-type playground expressed a desire to install various play equipments, while the care-givers of the C-type playground did not wish to install play equipment. 5) Various outdoor play areas were needed in the D-type playground.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.293-305
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• 2016

This study examines the mediation effect of teacher-child interactions in the process of the impact of teacher's teaching-efficacy on childhood education institutions and classroom environment on peer-play interactions. We used data from 970 children aged between 49 and 55 months and 970 homeroom teachers from the fifth Korean Child Panel (2012) of the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. The model fitness was excellent after data were statistically analyzed with model of structure to testify the relationship and effect among teaching efficacy, classroom environment, teacher-child interactions, and peer-play interactions. First, the analysis also showed that the teacher's teaching efficacy did not influence peer-play interactions directly, but gave an indirect effect on the peer-play interactions with the mediation of the teacher-child interactions. Second, the classroom environment directly and indirectly influenced the peer-play interactions with the mediation of the teacher-child interactions. Third, the variable of teacher-child interactions was fully effective as a mediating variable in the process of the teaching efficacy and classroom environment influence on teacher-child interactions. Teaching efficacy and classroom environment influenced the peer-play interactions through the mediation of the teacher-child interactions. The significance of mediation effect of the teacher-child interactions was verified through a bootstrapping method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.39
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• pp.139-166
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• 1998

This dissertation is to help understanding about the emergence of active children's clothes in the latter part of the 18th century in England. In previous ages children had not been look-ed upon as children, but as incomplete and in-ferior men and women, the costume of children had not been distinguishable from that of their elders. The early eighteenth-century chil-d could not play in comfort because they dressed like their parents. But in the third quarther of the eighteenth century children became free from their con-comfortable and became active. English chil-dren's clothes was prevailing even in Europe as well. In the background of this liberation, there were many enlightened ideas, such as philosophers of enlightenment, doctors, writers, educators. Among these John Locke and Jean Jacque Rousseau criticized openly about rampant fashion which was distorting the body by corset and hoop. Rousseau was the one who wrote$\boxDr$Emile$\boxUl$and played the most important role to free children from an old fashioned idea, and emphasized to bring up children by the natural process of mental and physical development as human beings are a part of nature. Fashion reflects politic, economic, social, ideology, culture of the days and these factor function to create fashion which shows“Time Spirit”.Children's clothes, like those of their parents, follow the fashion, but with a difference, the form of which varies with the attitude to the child. Thus this dissertation was to study in relation with the background of the times in the latter part of 18th century in England and Rousseau's Naturalism in connection with the emergence of active children's clothes. The result is that diffusion of the idea of freedom and equality, the growth of bourgeoisie, the development of clothing and tex-tile industry have influenced to the emergence of active children's clothes. Also a great deal of middle and high class parents devoted to their children's education and was influenced by Rousseau's Naturalism. Specially the bourgeoisie who made their fortune by their own effort were eager to educate their achievement and business by their children through education. This factor influenced to the children's clothes as well.