• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 1998

The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory. The data were collected from Feb. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts : 21 questions for rot performance of nurse. 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse : 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurses , 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toos to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age (p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002) , and certificate of midwife (p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress (p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016) , the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby (p=0.049) , the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistance of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010) , existence and/or nonexistance of education for breast feeding (p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistance of breast feeding room(p=0.013) , concert methods for breast feeding (p=0.003), working place (p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify the smoking patterns and their relevant factors of the public officials who are placed to guide people's way of thinking as conservative middle-income group and thereupon, provide for basic data which can be used to reduce the diseases and death rate caused by smoking in terms of preventive medicine. For this purpose, 170 public officials working for the government agencies located in seoul were surveyed for Jan. 10-Jan. 20, 1995. The results of survey can be analyzed/summarized as follows; 1. In terms of daily smoking frequencies, 50 officials $(29.4\%)$ are driven by stress to smoke. Among these offcials, 250nes $(50.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. Meanwhile, 22 officials $(12.9\%)$ answered that they smoke for pleasure and comfort, and among them 6 officials $(21.4\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 26 officials $(15.3\%)$ are found to be nicotine­addicted physically or psychologically, and to 10 of them $(35.7\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. On the other hand, 10 officials $(5.9\%)$ have habit of smoking and 4 of them $(40.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 2. Out of 50 officials $(24.9\%)$ who began smoking on impulse, 44 actually stopped smoking, and the rest 6 officials did not even implement their plan. In view of successful cigarette-stopping, only 8 officials $(15.4\%)$ out of 44 impulse-driven smokers succeeded in stopping cigarettes, while the rest 36 failed all. Meanwhile, out of those 84 officials $(64.6\%)$. Who smoked for reduced stress, 28 ones succeeded, while the rest 56 ones failed. Out of 20 officials who were nicotine-addicted but attempted to stop smoking, only 2 smokers succeeded and the rest 18 were all failures. 3. Factors involving smoking and Their patterns 1) By age group (30's, 40's and 50's), the smoking patterns can be grouped into stress-removing, nocotine-addictive and habitual ones, respectively. 2) By acadeic background, our officials smoke on impulse or due to nocotine addition. 3) The length of career is co-related with nicotine addition. 4) The ownership of house is related with smoking for comfort or less stress. 5) The number of children is related with impulse-driven smoking or smoking for comfort.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2019

The expansion of double-income households is increasing the social interest in child care. In particular, children's entrance into elementary school is considered to be the main cause of women's career break as well as childbirth. This study proposes an optimal location selection method for caring facilities for elementary school students. As a candidate for care facilities, we selected existing child care facilities. We proposed a dual structure evaluation method that considers locational characteristics as well as mathematical optimization when selecting the optimal location. The experiment was conducted in Songpa-gu, Seoul. A total of 36 optimal locations were selected from a total of 258 candidate facilities. First, the evaluation criteria were established using public data, and the primary candidate facilities were selected by ranking the location scores. At this time mesh resampling method was used to integrate various public data into one. Next, the final care facilities were selected using the p-median method. The results chosen are not only the optimal location considering total distance but also satisfy various location criteria considering the characteristics of the care facility. We expect that the proposed method will contribute to public data convergence or utilization and it will be helpful for policy decision when selecting the optimal location for public facilities.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Purpose: This study is to understand how community members perceive past life recollection and preparation for death. Methods: Using a questionnaire, we surveyed 160 adult residents of one of the districts (gu) in Seoul, Korea. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Participants chose their 30s and 40s as the most difficult time in their lives. The most painful experience was "an illness of a family member", followed by "trouble with a spouse", and "trouble with children". As for the most difficult social experience, "sense of loss in life" was ranked the highest. Personally, the happiest time was "accomplishment of a goal", while it was "happiness through children" in family relationship and "contribution to society through my career" in social life. As for the most regrettable experience, personally "having lived without purpose" was the highest, "not meeting my parents' expectation more" in family relationship; "not providing sufficient education" in relationship with children; "not having an occupation that I wanted" in work life, and "lack of social skills" in social life. More than 87% of the surveyed showed a positive attitude about the system of the do not resuscitate (DNS) order. For a situation where participants were supposed to have an incurable disease, "I want to be notified of the true condition" and "I want to write a will and advanced directives" ranked high, receiving more than 3.1 points out of 4. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the need for death education to provide people with an opportunity to accept their regrettable experiences in the past as part of their life. Also, this study suggests the importance of writing advanced directives for people to prepare for "death with dignity" how it can help their decision to be better respected.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine public health nurses for their morale, test the effect of each factor on the morale, determine the variables affecting the morale, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to the development of personnel affair administration for nurses. The survey on the nurses for public health centers was conducted for 10 days from April 23 to May 2, 2001; 96 nurses from Pusan, 101 from Kyonggi-do and 108 from Kangwon-do. The results of the study are as follows; 1. For the demographic variables, those aged between 31 and 39 accounted for the majority $(50.2\%)$ of the sample. $90.8\%$ was married, and $67.9\%$ of the sample graduated from junior colleges. $29.6\%$ of them had worked for 10-14 years and $62.5\%$ was of the seventh rank. $62.3\%$ of the nurses was recruited, and $59.4\%$ had chosen the public job for its guaranteed status. Half the nurses were working for the county population of which was more than 260 thousands, and $53\%$ of the nurses was serving the public health centers with 11-15 members. $47.3\%$ of them perceived that their living standard is middle or lower. 2. The degree of the moral was found as mean score. 2.65, which is interpreted as low. It has 11 factors. The rank of mean score of the factors is job satisfaction (3.36), sense of belonging (3.36), sense of recognition (3.30), stress due to supervision (3.13), degree of participation (3.05) and self-achievement (3.04), while those scoring lower points were assurance of status (2.58), pay level (2.53), working conditions (2.35) and promotion opportunity (2.31). 3. The degree of moral depending on the demographic variables was significantly affected by such variables as age. academic background, career, rank, employment method, motive for the job, size of the population served and living standards. 4. The result of the Stepwise multiple regression analysis for the morale factors, it was found that self-achievement accounted for $61\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale, followed by stable status $(18\%)$, working conditions $(8\%)$, job requirements $(4\%)$ and promotion opportunities $(2\%)$; these five factors explained about $94.6\%$ of total variance of the degree of nurses' morale. On the other hand. age $(8\%)$ and academic background $(2\%)$ accounted for $10\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale. 5. The factors affecting nurses' job life was economic need $(26.7\%)$, personnel management $(17.5\%)$, sense of recognition $(13.2\%)$, human relationship $(11.0\%)$, stable status and personal development in rank. On the other hand, the factors influencing on their possible resignation were children's bringing-up $(27.8\%)$, poor personnel management and promotion $(13.3\%)$, workload $(11.1\%)$ and little personal development $(8.9\%)$, Since such morale factors as promotion opportunity, working condition. pay level and stable status scored lower, it is required to reconsider those factors to improve nurses' morale.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.179-199
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• 2017

This research was conducted in a phenomenological method to explore what the meaning for marriage migrant women to have college experience is. In other words, It is to find out what the motivation for them to enroll the college is and what the experience of studying in college implies. Also, figuring out how the expectation for life after the college experience is built up structurally is the purpose of the research. To ensure the qualitative warranty of the research, the participants are selected by "Sampling and Data Collection Strategy" suggested by Miles & Huberman (1994); and those selected participants are six marriage migrant women in urban-rural area with 10~18 years of residence period. The information for this research had been collected by in-depth and additional interviews along with observation towards these six participants. The result is the following. First, the motivation for them to enroll the college is; to realize of one's dream, to have confident parental model, to pursuit stabilized domestic economy, to have a professional occupation, and to make it as a mean of searching one's career path. Second, the experience of studying in college implies; enhancing communication ability, establishing self-image in the family and its relationship, having confident in raising children, enhancing healthy living of family, enhancing human relations, and lifelong learning person through set of learning. Third, the structure of how it build the future life is; having independent life pursuing stable living economically, living as a confident Korean by pursuing the value of learning and having a life of human being.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-119
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• 1989

In the present, since a five-year plan for economic development which was started in the early 60's has been successfully promoted for a quarter century, with consolidation in a department of social welfare in our country the participation. in economic society for women is more required than any other times. As a professional occupation for women is incereaing through a high-standard specialization, I think the upbringing for productive woman expert who has a strong motive of accomplishment as a developed person as well as a technical and skilful capacity which can be contributed to the growth of organization is very important. So in this study, I am evaluating the technical disposition of character of professional nurses working with hospital and also trying to supply the basic data being served to th extension of a skillful ability as a nurse, understanding the important factor related to it. The research method applied here is that we used 527 of formed questionnaires which were distributed to 7 University and General Hospitals, somewhat large in a scale, located in Seoul as an analytical material. It was performed between October 11, 1988 and October 18, 1988. An implement which was invented by Cho Moo-Sung is used after being amended and supplemented, which can measure the disposition of professional character. The formation of questionnaires of the disposition of character is 26 totally, 10 for Open-disposition, 11 for Active-disposition, 5 for wise-disposition, and it was measured. 'Ye', or 'No' through an one-half-standard and the environment of hospital organization is composed 12 questions from one point of 'Very Good' to 5 points of 'Very Bad.' Collected materials were analysed through an electronic calculation into the average value, the standard deflection, percentage, person correlative number, $X^2-test, m$ stepwise multiple regression. Summarizing the result from this research is as follows; 1. The average age of the subjective person of this investigation is 28.6 and the average career as a nurse is 6.0 years. 2. The Open-disposition that technical nurses showed is mostly half and half. 3. The Active-disposition of professional nurses was discovered affirmative largely and what they said in their questionnaires describes that they are very active answering $88.2\%$ for the disposition of self-control, $87.3\%$ for the people who think the training more seriously. 4. It was found out that the wise·disposition of technical nurse showed $90.7\%$ of 'Yes' about a new alternative of inquisitive question and we can see a progressive and profound aspect here. 5. As technical character of nurses, mutual relations between Active-disposition, Active-disposition, and wise­disposition were very profitably revealed as 0.42 in justice relations and also suggested that relations between Open-disposition, Active-disposition, and wise-disposition are 0.27 and 0.20 respectively. 6. What nurses recognize about the environment of hospital organization is reasonably acceptable while they feel very bad about rewards and punishments showing average 3.1 comparing to average 2.2 about time­control each other. Considering the prosperity of Active-disposition upon the result what I mentioned above, th possibility which is contributed to the productive improvement of hospital organization is very great and I think it can be more developed as a professional woman who has a strong motive of accomplishment, in advance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.255-276
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• 2008

The important items, which should be considered in Private Investigation Law, can include subjects, licenses, the scope of business, qualifying examinations, and supervisory and penal provisions. The subjects of Private Investigation Law should be permitted to be both natural persons and juridical persons in terms of providing various services, but should be permitted to be juridical persons and should be administered on a license system, even in order to ensure public interests. Concretely, the introduction scope of Private Investigation Law can be regulated to include the followings: that is, investigating the whereabouts identification of runaways and missing children, investigating the personal identification, habit, way of action, motivation, whereabouts identification, real child confirmation, association, transaction, reputation, and personality of specific persons or specific groups, investigating the whereabouts identification of missing persons, owners of government-vested properties or renounced properties, investigating the whereabouts of lost properties or stolen properties, investigating the causes of fire, character defamation, slander, damage, accident, physical disability, infringement on real estate or movable property, and investigating all sorts of accidents including traffic accidents, insurance accidents, and medical malpractices. In the qualifying examination, examinees' age should be restricted to be over age 25. The person, who is exempted from its primary examination, should be restricted to be the person, who has the career of over 20 years in related fields, in consideration of its equity with other certificates of qualification. In the supervisory institution, as the policy institution is the supervisory institution in many countries including France (the police) and Japan (public security committee), so the National Policy Agency should be the supervisory institution in consideration of management aspects. In the penal regulations, especially, we should clarify the management of personal information (personal information protection, personal information management), and so should prevent the infringement of people's basic rights, and then should ensure the public interest.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.893-916
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• 2012

This research investigates gifted students' mothers' rearing stress based on the concept mapping method. For this, 12 gifted students' mothers solicited, gathered and analyzed related statements, and then did multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The stress value was .273 which was appropriate for the two level concept mapping study. In addition 101 mothers of gifted students rated for the rearing stresses they experience. Results were as follows. First, 79 concrete statements were solicited and as a result of concept mapping were categorized as 'burden and conflict as mothers of the gifted', 'possible negative characteristics due to the giftedness', and 'self-esteem and pressure by the title of the gifted'. Especially following items showed relatively high average: worrying about how to give the child a specific help for his/her career(M=4.65); worrying that she might be intervening too much in their child's behaviors(M=4.60); getting pressured supporting the child to get involved in the gifted education system continually(M=4.46); worrying if her child is not developing his/her talent enough due to the lack of time and money(M=4.44); being concerned that her high expectations might be putting her child under too much pressure (M=4.43). Implications of the study related to gifted education practices were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.652-665
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• 2016

National Competency Standards or NCS is an educational system that emphasizes developing job-related abilities. Therefore it will be an effective solution in training field-oriented work forces if properly applied. However, in the department of social welfare, it is not easy to apply NCS to the curriculum since most academic subjects concerning social welfare focus not on practice but on theory and in addition, most of social welfare departments in junior colleges have an accredited curriculum for the 2nd degree of the social worker qualification. This means it is preposterous if NCS is applied to the curriculum without prior changes in the existing qualification system. So, this paper proposes a draft model to apply NCS to the already-accredited curriculum for the 2nd degree social workers in the junior colleges and details are as follows. Firstly, the competency units will be customized for the existing academic subjects in the curriculum rather than developing new subjects in accordance with NCS competency units. Secondly, some client-related competency units including children, seniors, the disabled are newly developed and then applied to the curriculum, which are crucial for the career development at the junior college level. Thirdly, the competency units are categorized into three types in accordance with the degree of job relevancy - type 1, type 2, type 3. Fourthly, four out of 11 basic job abilities are selected and then developed into academic subjects. Fifthly, all competency units concerning the main job market are regarded as one virtual competency unit and then arranged in the order of type 1s, type 2s and type 3s and then the scope of their study is adjusted to the job abilities required at the main job market.