• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2013

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. Carboplatin, a platinum-derived agent, is used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pediatric osteosarcoma because of its anti-tumor activity and had low toxicity as compared to cisplatin. Objective: To determine demographic data, prognostic factors and outcome of childhood osteosarcoma treated with a carboplatin-based chemotherapeutic protocol at Chiang Mai University. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 34 osteosarcoma patients aged less than 18 years and treated between 2003 and 2011. Results: Overall limb-salvage and amputation rates were 23.5% and 70.6%, respectively. With the mean follow-up time of 29.5 months (1.5-108.9), the Kaplan-Meier analysis for 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS) were $20.2{\pm}7.7%$ and $47.1{\pm}9.5%$ respectively. Patients who had initial pulmonary metastasis were at significantly greater risk for developing recurrence (p=0.02, OR=7; 1.2-40.1) and had a tendency to have lower 3-year OS compared to those without initial pulmonary metastasis ($28.1{\pm}13%$, $63.1{\pm}12.3%$, respectively, p=0.202). On univariate analysis, age at diagnosis >14 years and patients who were declined surgery were significantly associated with lower 3-year OS (p=0.008 and <0.05, respectively). However, age at diagnosis, sex, tumor size and histological subtypes were not found to significantly affect recurrence or survival. Conclusions: In our study, the survival rate was far lower than those reported from developed countries. These might indicate the ineffectiveness of carboplatin in combination with doxorubicin as frontline treatment of pediatric osteosarcoma, especially in those with initial pulmonary metastasis. Refinement in risk and treatment stratification and dose intensification for pediatric osteosarcoma constitutes a future challenge to improve outcomes, especially in metastatic patients who may need a more intensive regimen.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-117
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• 2009

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic renal failure in developing countries, and the prevalence rate has markedly increased during the past decade. Diabetic nephropathy shows various specific histological changes not only in the glomeruli but also in the tubulointerstitial region. In the early stage, the effacement of podocyte foot processes and thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is noticed even at the stage of microalbuminuria. Nodular, diffuse, and exudative lesions, so-called diabetic glomerulosclerosis, are well known as glomerular lesions. Interstitial lesions also exhibit fibrosis, edema, and thickened tubular basement membrane. Diabetic nephropathy is considered to be multifactorial in origin with increasing evidence that one of the major pathways involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy as a result of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia induces renal damage directly or through hemodynamic alterations, such as, glomerular hyperfiltration, shear stress, and microalbuminuria. Chronic hyperglycemia also induces nonhemodynamic dysregulations, such as, increased production of advanced glycosylation endproducts, oxidative stress, activation of signal pathway, and subsequent various cytokines. Those pathogenic mechanisms resulted in extracellular matrix deposition including mesangial expansion and GBM thickening, glomerular hypertrophy, inflammation, and proteinuria. In this review, recent opinions on the histopathologic changes and pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy will be introduced.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2016

In the structure of modern houses, a living room is the space most frequently used by family members. In a living room, they rest, talk together, watch TV, study, read books and enjoy hobbies. A living room is furnished with a TV cabinet, a storage closet, a sofa, a bookshelf, a desk and etc. depending on the purposes of activities in it, which can be different in each house. Furniture is the required tool for indoor architectural space and humans to lead a life. In most families, a man and a woman marry each other and become man and wife, go through the honeymoon phase, give birth to one or two children and become a family with three or four members. According to the children's growth cycle from birth to infancy, early childhood, childhood, adolescence, youth and adulthood, furniture layout and kinds of furniture in a living room change. Depending on the family life cycle, most parents of young children try to help their children to form good habits of reading books and studying for their future. As for the environmental elements interrupting reading and studying, watching TV and using smart phones excessively are being regarded as problems. As the number of two-income families is increasing in this era when many women are participating in the social activities with the government's encouragement, children are having more time.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2006

Problematic behaviors have been among adolescent population in school and home. Problematic behavior manifested in childhood and adolescence is reported to be a good predictor for adult criminal behavior although no clear factor to cause was identified. Based on literature review on this subject, our hypotheses that delinquency and aggressive behaviors are associated with brain information processing and emotionality in adolescents was developed and this study aimed to test these hypotheses. 1,479 male and female middle school students were selected and given the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Korea Youth Self Report-Child Behavior Check List and Brain Preference Indicator Test. The main results are as follows: 1) Subjects with problematic behavior compared to average students showed a significant difference in sub-variables of emotionality ant the characteristics of brain information processing. 2) Young adolescent's emotionality and brain information processing characteristics have effects on problematic behaviors. 3) However, the effect on aggression and delinquency was different by gender.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2016

Background: Excessive exposure to the sun during childhood is strongly associated with the development of skin cancer in the future. The only way to prevent the development of skin cancer is to protect against ultraviolet radiation, which can be achieved through strategic awareness during childhood and adolescence. Objective. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of educational activities for rural and urban students to promote the use of sunscreens and prevent skin cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out with students (9-12 years) of rural (n=70) and urban (n=70) schools in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The educational interventions were lectures and games. The impact of this strategy was evaluated through the application of a questionnaire before and after the interventions. Results: Before the intervention, it was found around 50% of rural and urban students were not aware of the damage caused by sun exposure, often exposing themselves to UV radiation without use sunscreen ( ~ 25 %) and at the most critical times of the day/year. After the lectures we observed an improvement in the behavior of the students with regard to sun exposure and knowledge about skin cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of prevention strategies for skin cancer and promoting the use of sunscreens based educational strategies. The interventions were of great value in relation to disseminating knowledge on the subject.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2020

The Senior-Loken syndrome was first described in 1961 as an oculo-renal disease consisting of familial juvenile nephronophthisis and Leber congenital amaurosis. It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a prevalence of 1:1,000,000 caused by mutations in nine genes (NPHP 1-8 and NPHP 10). Ocular manifestations (e.g., photophobia, nystagmus, and extreme hyperopia) occur within the first few years of life while renal manifestations (e.g., formation of multiple cysts impairing kidney function and end-stage renal disease) appear in late childhood to adolescence. Here, we report a case of a Filipino male presenting with rotatory nystagmus and progressive deterioration of vision since childhood. He had congenital amaurosis and juvenile nephronophthisis that progressed to end stage renal disease by age 19. All laboratory and imaging findings were consistent with chronic kidney disease. Molecular genetic testing of ciliopathy-related genes was performed revealing a homozygous mutation in exon 11 of the IQCB1/NPHP5 gene, c.1090C>T (p.Arg364^⁎). This sequence change created a premature translational stop signal resulting in a truncated protein product, nephrocystin-5 and its consequent loss of function. His symptoms eventually improved with initiation dialysis. The prognosis of Senior-Loken syndrome remains dismal and a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and timely intervention of renal complications are warranted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of medically intractable epilepsy in adults and children, and mesial temporal sclerosis is the most common underlying cause of TLE. Unlike in the case of adults, TLE in infants and young children often has etiologies other than mesial temporal sclerosis, such as tumors, cortical dysplasia, trauma, and vascular malformations. Differences in seizure semiology have also been reported. Motor manifestations are prominent in infants and young children, but they become less obvious with increasing age. Further, automatisms tend to become increasingly complex with age. However, in childhood and especially in adolescence, the clinical manifestations are similar to those of the adult population. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy can lead to excellent postoperative seizure outcome in adults, but favorable results have been seen in children as well. Anterior temporal lobectomy may prove to be a more successful surgery than amygdalohippocampectomy in children with intractable TLE. The presence of a focal brain lesion on magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most reliable independent predictors of a good postoperative seizure outcome. Seizure-free status is the most important predictor of improved psychosocial outcome with advanced quality of life and a lower proportion of disability among adults and children. Since the brain is more plastic during infancy and early childhood, recovery is promoted. In contrast, long epilepsy duration is an important risk factor for surgically refractory seizures. Therefore, patients with medically intractable TLE should undergo surgery as early as possible.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2013

Tyrosinemia I (fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of tyrosine metabolism that produces liver failure in infancy or a more chronic course of liver disease with cirrhosis, often complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood or early adolescence. We studied a 37-year-old woman with tyrosinemia I whose severe liver disease in infancy and rickets during childhood were resolved with dietary therapy. From 14 years of age, she resumed unrestricted diet with the continued presence of the biochemical features of tyrosinemia, yet maintained normal liver function. In adult years, she accumulated only a small amount of succinylacetone. Despite this evolution to a mild biochemical and clinical phenotype, she eventually developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Her fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase genotype consists of a splice mutation, IVS6-1G>T, and a novel missense mutation, p.Q279R. Studies of resected liver revealed the absence of hydrolytic activity and immunological expression of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase in tumour. In the non-tumoral areas, however, 53% of normal hydrolytic activity and immunologically present fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase were found. This case demonstrates the high risk of liver cancer in tyrosinemia I even in a seemingly favorable biological environment. In this study of tyrosinemia I, Case 2 with negative succinylacetone accumulation and the recovery of acute liver failure was compared with Case 1. Diet restriction and NTBC treatment are crucial to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma until liver transplant can take place and cure the condition. Further studies are needed to examine cases where liver cancer did not result despite clinical symptoms/signs of tyrosinemia type I.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-213
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate chief complaints of pediatric outpatients .Fin the oriental hospital and search for a trend of patients and their symtoms. Method : The study was composed of 2,915 new patients aged between 0 and 20 who had been visited pediatrics in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university oriental hospital from 2001 to 2004. Results : The percentage of new patients decreased every year with 30.7% in 2001, 25.5% in 2002, 24.1% in 2003, 17.8% in 2004. The age distribution showed 9.9% in infancy patients, 62.6% in early childhood, 16.8% in late childhood, 10.6% in adolescence. The percentage of infants decreased every year with 13.3% in 2001, 9.4% in 2002, 8.8% in 2003, 7.1% in 2004. The percentage of adolescents increased every year with 8.0% in 2001, 9.6% in 2002, 12.8% in 2003, 13.5% in 2004. Systemic division of chief complaints was respiratory symtoms(37.6%), general symtoms(26.1%), digestive symtoms(19.2%), skin symtoms(6.8%), nervous and mental symtoms (6.1%), urinary symtoms(2.2%), musculoskeletal symtoms(1.3%) and others(0.7%) in order of frequency. The main chief complaints were nasal mucus/obstruction(17.5%), weakness(16.9%), cough(12.8%), loss of appetite(9.8%), inappropriate growth(4.3%), atopic skin problem(3.4%), repeated common cold(2.4%), abdominal pain(2.4%), vomiting (2.2%), diarrhea(2.0%) and fever (1.9%). Loss of appetite, inappropriate growth and repeated common cold increased every year. Diarrhea and convulsion decreased every year. Conclusions : The two main causes of visit of patients were respiratory problems and improvement of general condition. More data of patients should be accumulated for further study. Not only analysis according to chief complaint, but also analysis according to diagnosis will accomplish more aaccurate information about disease of childrens in the future.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.43-70
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• 2008

This study investigated the relationship between social support and caregiving self-efficacy among 530 mothers of persons with intellectual disabilities in their childhood(age 3-12), adolescence(age 13-18), and adulthood(age 19-35), exploring the moderating effect of the life span affiliation of the children with disabilities. The analysis revealed that greater perception of social support predicted higher level of caregiving self-efficacy for all the mothers. However, the moderating effect was detected indicating that there were differences in the effects of social support on caregiving self-efficacy across groups. Although social support was found to have some positive effects on caregiving self-efficacy for each group of mothers of both adolescents and adults, no effects for a group of mothers of children. These findings suggested that greater emphasis be placed on the expanded provision of social support for families of persons with intellectual disabilities in their developmental stages following the childhood.