• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare mother's caring-confidence, between primipara perception of the newborn, and child-rearing attitude and multipara. Method: The data was collected from 159 married mothers of newborns in the post-partum care center using self-rating questionnaires from November, 2003 to March, 2004. Data was analyzed using SPSS/Win program by t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean score of mother's perception of the newborn, the newborn caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43. 2) The score of the newborn caring-confidence of multipara was greater significantly than the one of primapara. 3) The score of mother's perception of tile newborn and child-rearing attitude of primapara were greater than the one of multipara but there were no significant differences. 4) There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of the newborn and child-rearing attitude and significant correlation between caring-confidence and child-rearing attitude. 5) The score of mother's perception of the newborn was significantly different according to the level of education type of family and delivery planned. 6) The score of caring-confidence was significantly different according to the helper, the history of delivery. 7) The score of child-rearing attitude was significantly difference according to the level of education and the birth weight of newborn. Conclusion: When the newborn care giver in the postpartum care setting is teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of the rearing experience of mothers. Mother's perception of the newborn, caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude should be considered to develop the effective education program for mothers who have newborn. And its educational contents must be focused on the promotion of trust between infant and mother.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mother's and child's temper and parenting stress. Methods : One hundred twenty healthy mothers (above 20 yrs old) who has a school-aged child (7-11 yrs old) participated after informed consent. The temperament of the children was analyzed by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 7-11 (JTCI 7-11) by their mothers. The temperament of the mothers was analyzed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short (TCI-RS) and the mother's parenting stress was analyzed by the Korean Parenting Stress Index (K-PSI). The relationships between mothers' and child's temperament and parenting stress were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression test. Results : There were significant correlations between maternal temperaments and child's temperaments and maternal parenting stress. There was a positive correlation between mother's harm avoidance characteristic, child's novelty seeking degree and parenting stress. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between child's persistence and parenting stress. In addition, interactions between child and mother temperament dimensions predicted higher levels of parenting stress. Parenting stress was higher in the group of high mother's harm avoidance with child's high novelty seeking and high mother's harm avoidance with low child's persistence. Conclusions : These results are showing that there are significant relationships between mother and child temperament and parenting stress in mothers with school-aged children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.611-620
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• 2016

This study examined how parent-child attachment, parental involvement in child rearing and instruction for children's effective use of a smart device reflect on young children's smart device overuse behavior. We collected questionnaires from 196 parents with children attending early childhood education institutions for the survey. Frequency analysis as well as Person correlation coefficient and regression analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS 21.0 statistics. The results showed that 91% of targeted young children were using a smart device and 78% first used them before age 5. As for time of use hours, 43.9% used their smart device from 30 minutes to 1 hour on average. In addition, parent-child attachment and father's involvement in child rearing were found to be inversely correlated to young children's smart device overuse. The result of hierarchical regression analysis on parent factors influencing young children's smart device overuse behavior indicated that mothers' contact-seeking behavior to young children, mother's involvement in learning and instruction for children's effective use of a smart device at home had beneficial effects. This study analyzed parent factors that influenced young children's smart device overindulgence. In addition, the baseline data of this study will be utilized to develop programs for the prevention and therapy to solve the smart device overindulgence as well as to establish young children's guidelines for using a smart device.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.27-41
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales developed by the authors. Subjects of the study consisted of 132 Montessori teachers and 50 infants who were attending Montessori home school throughout the whole country, using census method. Infant's age ranged from 6 to 24 months. Data were analysed by using SAS 8.2 PC program. Statistical methods employed were frequency, Cronbach's alpha, Kappa coefficient, test-retest correlation, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's alpha of 6 sub-scales included physical, creativity, practical life, sense, language, and cognitive education, which ranged from .70 to .86. And the! correlation of the test/re-test was .72. The correlation between the 6 sub-scales of Infant-Montessori Performance Assessment Scales and the total scores of 6 items ranged from .06 to .84. Therefore, the construct validity of Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales was verified. The Kappa coefficient of inter-rater reliability was .76. The correlation between the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales and the Standardized Korean Creativity Traits Checklist(K-CTC) and the Korean Child Social Maturity Scales showed non-significant levels of .16 and .12 respectively. Conclusively, Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales developed by the authors were verified through the above reliability and validity tests. Specifically the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales showed the relationship of the convergent and divergent validity with the Korean Child Social Maturity Scales and the Standardized Korean Creativity Traits Checklist, respectively.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between mother's temperament and child's and parenting attitude. Methods: One hundred twenty healthy mothers (above 20 ys) who has a child (7-11 ys) participated after informed consent. The temperament of the children was analyzed by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 7-11 (JTCI 7-11) by their mothers. The temperament of the mothers was analyzed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short (TCI-RS) and the parenting attitude of the mothers was analyzed by the Parenting Attitude Test (PAT). The relations between mother and child temperament and parenting attitude were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There were some significant correlations between maternal temperaments and child's temperaments and maternal parenting attitude. Maternal temperament and parenting attitude: Novelty seeking (NS) of mother had low positive correlations with punishment, high expectation and inconsistency. Harm avoidance (HA) had low positive correlations with high involvement and high expectation, and had weak negative correlations with supportive expression and rational explanation. Reward dependence (RD) had low positive correlation with rational explanation. Persistence (P) had low positive correlations with supportive expression, rational explanation and superintendence, and weak negative correlation with high expectation. Child's temperament and parenting attitude: NS of child had low positive correlations with achievement press, high involvement, punishment, high expectation and inconsistency. Low positive correlations were found in many sets such as HA and high expectation, RD and supportive expression and rational explanation, P and supportive expression and rational explanation. Conclusions: These results suggest that there are significant relations between mother and child temperament and parenting attitude the temperament of mother and child.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.197-212
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aims to supplement the limitations of the preliminary study and expand the use of the Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale by providing standardized T-scores for measuring function in different areas, as well as guidelines for their interpretation. Methods: The Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale and Korean-Child Behavior Checklist were administered to a total of 623 individuals, including 467 parents of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed elementary school students, 45 parents of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed middle school adolescents and 111 parents of elementary school students with developmental disorders, as well as to a control group consisting of 186 parents of mainstream elementary school children in the Seoul metropolitan area. Results: In contrast to the preliminary study, the emotional domain was disassociated into two factors, negative affect and emotion regulation, and the coefficient of determination for misconduct was increased significantly. Also, the overall reliability and validity of the Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale were similar to those in the preliminary study, and the item structure was consistent. This study provides standardized T-scores of function in different areas based on the revised scale, and provides guidelines for their interpretation. Conclusion: The Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale can assist the Child Global Assessment in Functioning in providing the information necessary for case management and treatment planning by comparing the impairment severity in each area of functioning, and also determining changes in behavior and function after treatment interventions. On the other hand, this scale has yet to clearly distinguish between rebellious behavior and misconduct. Further research is necessary to provide standards for more diverse age groups and for its utilization.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 1985

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between mothers' bsex-role attitudes and child-rearing values of independence granting and pressure for achievement, and also to examine variations in mothers' attitudes by sex of child. The subjects of this study were 260 mothers of preschool girls and boys. They were middle and high SES class and highly educated. The 20 item version of the Feminism Scale (FEM Scale) was used to measure mothers 'attitudes toward women's sex-role ideology. The Korean Sex-Trait Stereotype Measure was used to measure the mothers' sex-perception of masculinity and feminity. The 5-item translated Barnett Independence Granting Scale was used to measure independence granting. The 7-item version of the Barnett Pressure for Achievement Scale was used to measure mothers' pressure on their children for achievement. Data analysis consisted of Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test. The results were: 1. Mothers' nontraditional sex-role ideology was significantly related to lower mean age of independence granting and to pressure for achievement. 2. Two self-perception scores (self-masculine and self-feminine) were not related to mean age of independence granting but were significant1y related to pressure for achievement. 3. The mean age of independence granting was lower for sons than for daughters. 4. Mothers put more pressure for achievement on sons than on daughters.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 1988

The present research studied the relationship between children's social competence and popularity and examined popularity variables for the prediction of children's social competence. The subjects of this study were 80 children, 40 boys and 40 girls at age 5. Children's social competence was measured by the children's teachers with the use of the Social Competence Scale (Kohn & Rossman, 1972). Children's popularity and unpopularity were obtained from the subjects with the use of Moore's (1973) Sociometric Status Test. Teacher's estimate of the popularity of children was obtained with the use of Connolly & Doyle's (1981) Teacher Rankings of Popularity. The analysis of the data was by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. There were significant relationships between children's social competence and popularity (children's popularity, children's unpopularity, teacher's popularity). Teacher's estimate of child's popularity was the best variable with which to predict children's social competence, the second best variable was children's popularity as measured by Moore's Sociometric Test.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.19-34
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• 2006

This study examined relationships between children's perceptions of fathering practice and their sociality. The subjects were 569 grade 6 students and 511 grade 3 students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Major results showed (1) the effectiveness of quantity; that is, children's sociality increased with increase in fathering practice. (2) The coefficient of correlation between fathering practice and children's sociality was higher in middle childhood than in early adolescence. (3) Children's sociality was influenced by child variables and fathering practice variables, especially more by the variables of Fathering Practice. Among the variables of Fathering Practice Scales, the variable of "Education of children" is the most influential element for improving "Children's Sociality".

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.235-248
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• 1997

This study was aimed to validate the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating scale (ITERS). The rating scale was translated and adjusted appropriately by two researchers majoring child studies. An item-by-item comparison of the ITERS with criteria of NAEYC was conducted as the measure of content validity. 88% of the items of the ITERS was covered on the NAEYC criteria. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing ITERS scores and the Assessment Profile for early childhood Programs scores. The total correlation of two scores was .87. The sample for the inetrater reliability and internal consistency studies included 30 infant/toddler classes in 30 day care center in Inchon city. Two observers independently rated each class on the ITERS during a single visit. The Spearman's correlation coefficient for interater reliability on the overall scale was .74. For the measure of internal consistency, the Cronbach's Alpha score on the overall scale was .93. The rating results show that national/public child care centers have better quality in Adult Needs and Learning Activities subscales than private child care centers have.