• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2018

It is mandatory to use car seats for infants and children in the private vehicles in accordance with the traffic law of Korea. Recently, legislation has also been proposed to expand the use car seats to express and intercity buses. This reflects a growing consensus that mandatory infant and child car seats, both for private and commercial vehicles, are essential. However, Korean laws concerning infants and children on board aircraft allow parents or guardians to hold children under two years of age on their laps without any restraint devices. It is not possible for a parent to physically restrain an infant or child, especially during a sudden acceleration or deceleration, unanticipated or severe turbulence, or impact. The use of CRS provides an equivalent level of safety to infants and children as that afforded to adult passengers wearing seat belts. But there is no regulation even about Child Restraint Systems on board aircraft in Korea. To enhance their safety, infants and children should be restrained in an approved child restraint system that is appropriate to their weight and height. It is necessary to examine whether infants and children in flight can achieve the same level of safety as an adult.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2021

Purpose: Traffic accidents are the major cause of death in children. Car seat usage in children is important to reduce the risk of death or injury caused by traffic accidents. This study aims to analyze the trends of car seat use among children ages under 6. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional study utilizing the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2019. In total, 1,999 responses were included for the analysis. Factors associated with car seat use were age, sex, body weight, height, family type, household income, and monthly household income. Regression analysis was used to compare the car seat use before and after the revision of the Road Traffic Act (2015~2018 vs. 2019). Results: We found that car seat use was increasing by year, age, region, and household income. Car seat use was higher after fines increased in 2019. Age and body weight had negative association with car seat use, while height and household income had positive association with car seat use. Conclusion: Car seat use increased from 2015 to 2019 and is associated with different ages among children and household income. Further education and promotion that describes the safety benefits to children from car seat use are needed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2023

Existing child car seats do not have a monitoring means for the driver or guardian to effectively recognize the status of whether the seat belt of car seat is fastened and whether the ISOFIX of the car seat is fastened to the inside device of the vehicle. In this paper, we propose a smart car seat system which can monitor in real time, whether the seat belt of a child seated in the car seat is fastened and whether the ISOFIX of the car seat is fastened. The proposed system has been developed with a prototype, in which a Hall sensor, magnet, Bluetooth, and display device are used to detect whether these are fastened and to display the detection results. The prototype system provides the detection results as texts and alarm signal to the display for driver or guardian' smartphone in the car in motion. With functional tests of the prototype system, it was confirmed that the detection functions are properly operated, and the detection results were transmitted to the display device and smartphone via Bluetooth within 0.5 seconds. It is expected that the development system can effectively prevent safety accidents of child car seats.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

Purpose: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among children younger than 14 years old. The purposes of this study were to 1) provide a basic overview of child safety seats, 2) review car seat safety usage and misuse, 3) suggest interventions to motivate the usage of child safety seats. Method: The design was a descriptive study with literature review. Previous studies were searched of PUBMED, ProQuest and KERIS. Result: Child safety seats and automobile safety belts protect children in a crash if they are used correctly, but if a child does not fit in the restraint correctly, it can lead to injury. A child safety seat should be used until the child correctly fits into an adult seat belt. Conclusion: To improve child passenger's safety, educational, legislational and environmental enforcements are needed: educational interventions to promote use of child safety seats, strengtened legislation to mandate use of child safety seats, establishment of public acquirements.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the actual state of the toddler and preschooler safety seats built into the car. Method: The design was a descriptive study by questionnaire. Data were collected from August, 1, 2007 to September, 30, 2007. A total 232 toddler and preschooler parents in Seoul and Inchon. Data were analysed using SPSS WIN 12.0. Result: The study show that people who did not get a education are 86.2%. Using the child safety seats also show that 96.1% of respondents are holding in their arms, only 3.0% of respondents used them. 21.1% answered that they get on the vehicles with holding their children in their arms and 48.3% answered that they let their children alone on the seat, just 29.7% are using the child safety seats. Conclusion: To increase child safety seats configurations rate, available education is needed. For this, contents about child safety seats must be included for education leaving the hospital by nurses who work in nursery. For the consideration about child safety seats configuration rate, complement of the legal system and development of available protective equipment and economical support of the nation and the local community is needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2013

최근 캠핑 등 가족단위 여가생활이 늘어나게 되면서 어린아이들이 차를 타고 이동하는 횟수가 잦아지고 그에 따라 차 안에서 머무는 시간이 길어지게 되었다. 신체활동이 활발한 어린이들은 자동차 탑승 시 공간의 제약과 안전상의 이유로 움직임에 제한을 받고 있다. 한정된 공간에서 오랫동안 머무는 것에 대한 지루함과 답답함을 해소하기 위해 국내외 자동차 업체들은 넓은 시야 확보가 가능한 글라스루프를 적용한 차들을 선보이고 있다. 또한 IT기술이 접목된 스마트카 연구와 도어창문을 디스플레이로 활용하는 연구가 진행되고 있는 것을 보면 글라스루프도 스크린으로 활용될 수 있는 잠재가능성이 충분하다 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 차량 내 디스플레이 적용 사례와 스마트 기기용 별자리 애플리케이션을 벤치마킹하고, 자가용으로 이동이 잦은 부모와 어린이를 대상으로 사용자 조사를 실시하여 어린이를 고려한 별자리학습 콘텐츠의 차량 글라스루프 적용 방식과 기본적인 인터랙션 방식을 도출, 제안하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.678-684
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• 2021

Background A car-tire friction injury on the dorsum of a child's foot often results in hypertrophic scarring of the wound margins. This study describes the clinical appearance of the injured areas and surgical complications that occurred during the follow-up period in a series of children with car-tire friction injuries who were treated with split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). We describe the clinical features that we believe need to be highlighted when initially treating car-tire injuries in children. Methods From May 2003 to June 2016, our retrospective study included 15 patients with car-tire injuries on the dorsum of the foot who were treated with surgical excision and STSG to cover the wound. Results A total of 15 patients with car-tire injuries were treated. The average age was 6.26 years old. The average injury grade was 3.26. Two patients were treated using delayed repair, and 13 patients received STSG for initial management. Four patients experienced no complications, while 11 patients had hypertrophic scars and/or scar contracture after surgery. Conclusions A car-tire friction injury on the dorsum of a child's foot often results in hypertrophic scar formation or scar contracture even if proper management is undertaken. Since the occurrence of these complications in childhood can lead to a secondary deformity, it is important to properly treat car-tire friction wounds, inform patients and caregivers about potential complications, and ensure regular follow-up evaluations over a 12-month period following the initial surgery.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2017

본 연구는 저출산 고령화시대의 가장 중요한 공공시설이자 핵가족화 및 여성사회참여 등의 사회변화로 그 중요성이 커져가고 있는 어린이집에 대하여 그 이용권을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 수원시의 시립어린이집 32개소의 2,174명의 아이들에 대한 이용실태를 조사하여 통행수단별 이용권을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 영아(0~2세) 과정의 대부분은 차량을 통해 어린이집을 이용하고 있었으며, 90%ile에 해당하는 이용권은 약 3km로 나타났다. 다음으로 누리(3~5세) 과정의 아이들 중 걸어서 어린이집에 등원하는 경우의 85%ile에 해당하는 이용권은 약 500m로 나타났으며, 차량을 이용하는 경우 90%ile에 해당하는 이용권역은 약 1.3km로 나타났다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 시사점을 제공한다. 누리과정과 영아과정의 차량 이용권역을 고려할 때, 생활권별 1개소 이상의 어린이집 설치가 필요하다. 특히, 영아과정의 보육서비스를 제공하는 어린이집이 시급히 확충될 필요가 있다. 다음으로 어린이집 중심의 보행환경 개선사업이 필요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권8호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2018

Purpose: Child safety seats (CSS) are critical for the protection of children, in case of motor vehicle accidents. Although the national legislation mandates that all newborns must be placed in an appropriately installed CSS during transportation, people often do not perceive the importance of CSS and do not use it as recommended. The purpose of this survey was to understand the use of CSS for the safe transport of newborns from hospital to home. Methods: We interviewed parents of newborn infants, using a structured questionnaire, at the time of their discharge from Cheil General Hospital & Women's Health Care Center, between May 2014 and July 2014. Results: A total of 403 participants were interviewed. The rate of CSS use was only 14.9%. Overall, 76.4% of the families interviewed were not aware about the recommendations on CSS use for newborns when travelling in a car. The provision of education on using CSS significantly influenced their rate of use. Parents who were educated about mounting the CSS in a car used it more as compared with others (25.7% vs. 12.2%) (P=0.002). Furthermore, if parents had heard about the importance or necessity of CSS, they used it more than others did (19.5% vs. 10.6%, P=0.032). Conclusion: Despite the legal regulation, most parents transport their newborn infants without a CSS while traveling from hospital to their home. The rate of CSS use was influenced by parental education and their knowledge about its necessity. Education programs for parents must be reinforced to increase the CSS use.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between smoking, drinking and safety behavior in middle and high school students in one Korean province, North Cholla. Method: The study sample included 1,327 randomly selected middle and high school students from S-Gun area in Chonbuk Province. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2005). The data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 15.0 program. Results: The smoking rate in the middle and high school students was 6.9%, and the drinking rate was 24.9%. The rate for seatbelt use was 49.3%, for drunk driving, 8.8%, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver, 24.0%. The rates for seatbelt use, for drunk driving, and for riding in a drunk driver were higher in smokers and drinkers than in non-smokers and non-drinkers(p<.05). Conclusion: The smoking and drinking status of the adolescents was correlated with their safety behavior practices as they relate to seatbelt use, drunk driving, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver. Therefore, an elementary school level program to curb student smoking and alcohol consumption is needed to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption in middle and high school students and contribute to improvement in their safety behavior practices.