• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2018

CATCH22 syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome is a medical acronym of cardiac defects, abnormal facial appearances, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia. Patients with CATCH22 syndrome are susceptible to infection due to an absent or hypoplastic thymus and often have difficulties in maintaining good oral hygiene, which may require dental treatment. We present a case of dental treatment for the uncooperative child with CATCH22 syndrome under general anesthesia. A 4-year-old, 14.8 kg boy with CATCH22 syndrome visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for dental check up. The patient had multiple caries requiring dental treatment. He experienced the corrective heart surgery due to Tetralogy of Fallot a few years ago. General anesthesia was planned because his heart rate and vital sign had shown unstable during the previous conscious sedation procedure. Dental restorative treatments were successfully performed and no complications were observed during and after the procedure. Safe and effective dental management of the patients with CATCH22 syndrome could be performed with the help of general anesthesia and careful monitoring.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

This study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of home-linked indirect smoking prevention education in early childhood in improving the awareness, skills, attitudes and willingness to protect themselves from smoking. 208 5-year-old children were recruited from three kindergartens located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Children in the experimental group received home-linked indirect smoking prevention education. Children in the comparative group, received indirect smoking prevention education in kindergarten. Children in the control group received general health education. The results revealed that all groups showed significant differences between pretest and posttest in awareness of second-smoke, attitudes and willingness to stop smoking. However, the skills to protect oneself from second-smoke showed a significant difference in the experimental group and the comparative group. The values of changes among the groups showed high increases in the order of experimental, comparative, and control groups. This shows that home-linked education had considerable positive effects on indirect smoking prevention.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2019

Oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome, known as Lowe syndrome, is an X-linked gene disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, brain abnormalities and renal dysfunction. Tooth crowding, taurodontism, delayed eruption in the permanent dentition and over-retained primary teeth with ectopic eruption of the permanent teeth have been reported as dental findings. Because of the high incidence of poor cooperation, patients with Lowe syndrome have difficulties in maintaining good oral hygiene, which may require dental treatment. We present a case of dental treatment for the uncooperative child with Lowe syndrome under general anesthesia. A 4-year-old, 11.2 kg boy with Lowe syndrome visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for gingival swelling. The patient had multiple caries requiring dental treatment. Because of his past history of malignant hyperthermia during inhalation induction, anesthesia was induced and maintained with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) after medical consultation. Dental restorative treatments were successfully performed and no complications were observed during and after the procedure. Safe and effective dental management of the patients with Lowe syndrome could be performed with the help of general anesthesia and careful monitoring.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.391-400
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• 2020

This study compared the parenting education needs of mothers and grandmothers who are rearing toddlers (12~36 months old), in order to examine how to resolve conflicts and problems caused by inconsistencies in the parenting attitudes of these caregivers. The findings will provide basic data for the development of a consistent parenting education program. The participants in this study were 201 mothers and 201 grandmothers who were all rearing toddlers. Data was collected at 11 daycare center in C city, Gyeongsangnamdo from August 1, 2017 to October 12, 2017. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and independent t-tests. As a result of comparing the parenting education needs of mothers and grandmothers, the overall evaluation of education needs was rated as 2.82±0.58 for mothers and 2.81±0.63 for grandmothers on a scale of 4, and there were no statistically significant differences in all five domains (t=0.21, p=.836). The highest education needs were found in the prevention and management of disease and injury, and the lowest was in the physical caring. Based on the results of this study, a toddler parenting education program was developed after selecting contents focusing on the prevention and management of disease and injury domain where education needs are high. We propose a study to examine the effects of applying such a program to both mothers and grandmothers who are rearing toddlers.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2014

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of increased fetal nuchal translucency (NT), to aid in prenatal counseling and management in our practice. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent first trimester fetal karyotyping using chorionic villi sampling (CVS) and second trimester level II sonography for a fetal NT thickness ${\geq}3.0mm$ between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days' gestation, at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Pediatric medical records and a telephone interview were used to follow-up live-born children. Exclusion criteria included incomplete data and CVS for other indications. Results: Seventy cases met the inclusion criteria (median NT thickness, 4.7 mm; range, 3.0-16.1 mm). Twenty-nine cases (41.4%) were aneuploid. The prevalence of chromosomal defects increased with NT thickness: NT 3.0-3.4 mm, 16.7%; NT 3.5-4.4 mm, 27.3%; NT 4.5-5.4 mm, 66.7%; NT 5.5-6.4 mm, 37.5%; NT ${\geq}6.5mm$, 62.5%. The most common karyotype abnormality was trisomy 18 (n=12), followed by trisomy 21 (n=9). In chromosomally normal fetuses (n=41), fetal death occurred in 2 cases (4.9%), and structural malformations were found in 11 cases (26.8%). In chromosomally and anatomically normal fetuses (n=28), one child had neurodevelopmental delay (3.6%). Twenty-eight infants who had a prenatal increased NT were alive and well at follow-up (40%). Conclusion: Outcomes of increased fetal NT might help inform prenatal counseling and management. The high prevalence of chromosomal defects associated with increased fetal NT implies that CVS should be performed in the first trimester, particularly considering the stress associated with an uncertain diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2020

Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by the core symptom of chronic widespread pain, along with fatigue, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and cognitive difficulties. The etiology of fibromyalgia involves a combination of biological factors, such as genetic vulnerability, alterations in pain processing and stress response system ; psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression, anger, and perceived stress ; environmental factors, such as infections, febrile diseases, and trauma. Central sensitization, which is amplified in the process of sensory stimulation, has been emphasized as a key etiological factor, as supported by enhanced wind-up, delayed aftersensation, decreased nociceptive flexion reflex threshold and functional imaging studies. Several guidelines recommend that a multimodal approach be used to treat fibromyalgia, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, tailored to each individual, and that clinicians should provide an intellectual framework through sufficient education and emphasis on the importance of self-management. The prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric problems is 7-9 times higher in patients with fibromyalgia than in the general population ; moreover, the association between fibromyalgia and certain psychopathologies or sleep problems has also been suggested. Since psychiatric problems, with shared vulnerabilities and risk factors, interact with fibromyalgia bidirectionally and also affect the disease course, an integrated management approach is needed to determine the risk of comorbidities.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.77-87
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• 2015

This study aimed to make the leisure activation policy plan on married immigrant women for social integration of multicultural families as a social problem. For that, this study selected total 25 professional experts who can suggest leisure activation policy plans on married immigrant women with convenience quota sampling, and, they were chiefs and instructors in multicultural family support centers, professors of social welfare and leisure, and married immigrant women who had passed Test of Proficiency in Korean and been doing leisure activities. As the results, there were classified into 6 main category like established policy direction, engage, awareness, and program improvement, operations and facility improvements, administrative support, 13 middle categories, and 37 small categories. Through above process, this study suggested 6 steps of policy plan: 1st, making systematic policy direction on the base of married immigrant women's real demand, 2nd, making administrative·institutional support system for effective policy enhancement, 3rd, improving recognitions on immigrant women's leisure activity from surrounders, 4th, improving programs by efficient management and qualitative diversification, 5th, improving management of concerned facilities, and 6th, attracting participations of married immigrant women through economical support·connection and child care service.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the pollution level (gaseous and particle phase) in the public facilities for the PAHs, non-regulated materials, forecast the risk level by the health risk assessment (HRA) and propose the guideline level. PAH assessments through sampling of particulate matter of diameter < 2.5 ${\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$). The user and worker exposure scenario for the PAHs consists of 24-hour exposure scenario (WIES) assuming the worst case and the normal exposure scenario (MIES) based on the survey. This study investigated 20 PAH substances selected out of 32 substances known to be carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic. The risk assessment applies major toxic equivalency factor (TEF) proposed from existing studies and estaimates individual Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). The study assesses the fine dusts ($PM_{2.5}$) and the exposure levels of the gaseous and particle PAH materials for 6 spots in each 8 facility, e.g. underground subway stations, child-care facilities, elderly care facilities, super market, indoor parking lot, terminal waiting room, internet caf$\acute{e}$ (PC-rooms), movie theater. For internet caf$\acute{e}$ (PC-rooms) in particular, that marks the highest $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and the average concentration of 10 spots (2 spots for each cafe) is 73.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (range: 6.8-185.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The high level of $PM_{2.5}$ seen in internet cafes was likely due to indoor smoking in most cases. For the gaseous PAHs, the detection frequency for 4-5 rings shows high and the elements with 6 rings shows low frequency. For the particle PAHs, the detection frequency for 2-3 rings shows low and the elements with 6 rings show high frequency. As a result, it is investigated that the most important PAHs are the naphthalene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene from the study of Kim et al. (2013) and this annual study. The health risk assessment demonstrates that each facility shows the level of $10^{-6}-10^{-4}$. Considering standards and local source of pollution levels, it is judged that the management standard of the benzo (a)pyrene, one of the PAHs, shall be managed with the range of 0.5-1.2 $ng/m^3$. Smoking and ventilation were considered as the most important PAHs exposure associated with public facility $PM_{2.5}$. This study only estimated for inhalation health risk of PAHs and focused on the associated cancer risk, while multiple measurements would be necessary for public health and policy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was done to figure out the incidence of Korean adolescents with gender identity problem and homosexual tendency. Self esteem and sexual liberality were also checked to evaluate the relation with these problems. Method : Subjects were 1,748 adolescents (359 middle school boys, 452 middle school girls, 483 high school boys, and 454 high school girls). DSM-IV-TR gender identity disorder criteria, Kinsey's sexual orientation scale, Hudson's short form sexual liberality scale, and Halter's Self-perception profile for children were applied to them. Result : 1) $15\%$ of the middle school boys, $16.7\%$ of the high school boys, $39.4\%$ of the middle school girls, and $40.5\%$ high school girls showed gender identity problem. Incidence of mild problem was more frequent in girls, however severe problem that suggested gender identity disorder was more frequent in boys, especially in high school boys. 2) Gender identity problem group showed lower self esteem than no problem group, especially in the middle school boys (p=0.033) and high school girls (p=0.020). 3) $17\%$ of the middle school boys, $5.4\%$ of the high school boys, $17.7\%$ of the middle school girls, and $12\%$ of the high school girls showed homosexual tendency. The order of more vivid homosexual orientation incidence was as follows ; $3.3\%$ in the middle school girls, $3.1\%$ in the middle school boys, $2.1\%$ in the high school girls, and $1.7\%$ in the high school boys. 4) There was no difference in the score of sexual liberality according to homosexual tendency. In high school girl, self esteem score was lower in homosexual tendency group than that of heterosexual group (p=0.039). 5) Gender identity problem group showed higher incidence of homosexual tendency than that of gender identity formation group (p=0.001). 6) The incidence of sexual identity problem was not changed by age, but homosexual tendency was decreased with age, especially in boys. Conclusion : Adolescents with gender identity problem or homosexual tendency showed low self esteem. Therefore, more attention on systemic evaluation for early detection in school based mental health and psychiatric management for them are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.194-205
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary behaviors of preschoolers in Daejeon using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P). Methods: The study subjects were recruited from child-care centers and kindergartens located in Daedeok-gu, Daejeon between August and September 2018. A total of 411 preschoolers aged 3 ~ 6 years were included in the data analyses. A questionnaire of NQ-P, which consisted of 14 checklist items on dietary behaviors, was completed by the parents or guardians of the study subjects. The NQ-P scores and its three factors, including "balance", "moderation", and "environment" factors, were calculated according to sex, age, and weight status. Differences in the NQ-P scores and their factors according to sex, age, and weight status were tested using a student's t-test. Results: The mean NQ-P score of the total subjects was $58.5{\pm}9.2$, which was within the medium-low grade. The NQ-P score was $58.5{\pm}9.4$ in boys and $58.6{\pm}9.0$ in girls (p = 0.955). The NQ-P score was similar regardless of the age groups ($57.8{\pm}9.4$ in 3 ~ 4 years vs. $59.2{\pm}9.0$ in 5 ~ 6 years, p = 0.124), whereas subjects aged 5 ~ 6 years showed a significantly higher scores of environment factors than those aged 3 ~ 4 years ($67.9{\pm}16.8$ vs. $61.7{\pm}17.3$). The mean score of the moderation factor was lower in the overweight/obese children compared to the non-overweight/obese children ($46.6{\pm}13.3$ vs. $51.0{\pm}16.2$, p = 0.012). Compared to children aged 3 ~ 4 years, children aged 5 ~ 6 years had higher intakes of vegetable dishes and processed meat. The overweight/obese group showed a higher consumption of processed beverages than the non-overweight/obese group. Conclusion: The current study indicates that the dietary behaviors of preschoolers residing in Daejeon need to be improved. These findings suggest that nutrition education or health interventions targeting young children is necessary for improving their nutritional health status.