• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.100-112
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• 1999

Objective：In life-long disabilities like autism and mental retardation, the authors thought that it is important for clinician to consider the quality of life of a primary caregiver for long-term management and prognosis. This study was to investigate the factors of children and family environment affecting the quality of life and depression in mothers with autistic and/or mentally retarded children. Methods：41 autistic and/or mentally retarded children aged 5-12 years with their mothers were surveyed from September, 1998 to January, 1999, with K-CBCL, K-BDI, K-FES, and K-SBQOL scale and compared with data from 35 normal control subjects. Results：1) Total K-BDI and K-SBQOL scores of mothers with mentally handicapped children were significantly poorer than the scores of normal control group. Independence, intellectual/cultural orientation and active recreation subscales of K-FES in mentally handicapped children were significantly decreased than those in normal control group. 2) Total K-BDI score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children’s behavioral problems, especially internalizing and thought symptoms, and with family cohesion, expressiveness, conflict and independence. 3) Totol K-SB quality of life score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children’s behavioral problems, especially attention problem, and with family cohesion, conflict, independence, intellectual/cultural orientation, and moral-religional emphasis. 4) The quality of life of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by attention problem($R^2$=.36, p=.000) and social competence($R^2$=.07, p=.038) in children and family cohesion ($R^2$=.16, p=.001). 5) Depression of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by internalizing symptom ($R^2$=.21, p=.003) and thought disorder($R^2$=.06, p=.048) in children and family cohesion($R^2$=.14, p=.008). Conclusion：Reducing behavioral problems and family therapeutic intervention in autistic and mentally retarded children can improve the quality of life of primary caregivers and long-term prognosis of the children, although those are not curative.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2003

Objectives：The Purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of Korean Parent and Teacher Conners' Rating Scale. Methods：Randomly selected 1st to 6th graders of the two elementary schools(N=1044) in Anyang City participated in the study. Children diagnosed with ADHD(N=23) at the child and adolescent clinic at a university affiliated hospital were included in the study for the analysis of clinical validity of the scales. Parent and teacher completed Korean Conners' Rating Scale and Korean-ADHD Rating Scale(KARS). In addition, parents completed Korean-Children Behavior CheckList(K-CBCL). Descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance were performed. Results：Scores of Korean Conners' Parents Rating Scale were significantly correlated with those of Korean Conners Teacher Rating Scale. High internal consistency reliability were demonstrated in both parent and teacher rating scales. There were significant correlations among sub-scales of Conners' Rating Scales, K-CBCL and K-ARS. Factor analyses revealed that the K-CTRS had three-factor structure (Inattention-Passivity, Hyperactivity, Conduct Problem) and the K-CPRS had five-factor structure(Impulsive-Hyperactive, Conduct Problem I, Anxiety, Psychosomatic, Conduct Problem II). Conners' Rating Scales effectively distinguish children with ADHD from children without ADHD. Conclusion：Korean Parent and Teacher Conners' Rating Scales are valid and reliable instruments that are useful for screening and identifying childhood problem behaviors. Future studies are required with a larger number of sample sizes including adolescents from various geographic regions.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2000

Purpose: Pregnancy in transplanted mother is considered as a high-risk pregnancy, and significant incidences of prematurity and low-birthweight(LBW) infants have been reported. The objective of this study is to examine the outcome of pregnancy in transplanted mothers and to evaluate the current growth status in their children. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 54 pregnancies in 40 kidney recipients until June 1999. Outcomes of pregnancy were reviewed and assessment of the current growth status in children was performed. Results: 54 pregnancies in 40 recipients were identified; 22 ended in termination of pregnancy because of unwanted pregnancy or therapeutic purposes. And of the other 32, 29 livebirths resulted in 28 recipients. The mean age of conception was $30.3{\pm}3.8$ years, with a mean interval from transplantation to conception of $35.9{\pm}23.2$ months. All patients were maintained on immunosuppressive regimens. Incidence of drug-treated hypertension(HTN) prior to pregancy was $52\%$, HTN during pregnancy, $48\%$; preeclampsia, $41\%$; urinary tract infection, $48\%$; oligohydramnios $4\%$; and no rejection during pregnancy and up to 3month post delivery. Of the 29 liveborn infants, prematurity(<37wk) occurred in $52\%$, LBW(<2500g) in $62\%$, VLBW(<1500g) in $7\%$ and $48\%$ born intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR). Mean gestational age was $36.3{\pm}3.0\;wk$; a mean birthweight, $2.23{\pm}0.6\;kg$; a mean birth-height, $45.1{\pm}3.6cm$. Current mean height standard deviation score (height SDS) was $0.29{\pm}0.91$ and mean weight SDS was $0.62{\pm}1.34$. Only one child($4\%$) under 1 year of age was below 10 percentile in height. Most of children had no medical problems except for 4 children; cleft palate(1), tuberous sclerosis(1), essential hematuria(1), and one child expired due to sepsis. Conclusion: This study showed similar incidence of premaure birth($57\%$) and low birth weight infants($62\%$), but lower incidence of spontaneous abortion($5.6\%$) was observed and compared to other studies. Postnatal growth in majority of children($96\%$) achieved catch-up growth before 1 year. Present study supports a more optimistic view of pregnancy in renal transplant mother and normal growth in their children.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.279-298
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the different perceptions of relationship with significant others of multicultural children with PTSD symptoms. To select the subjects for this study, Korean version of Greenwald and Rubin's CROPS(Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms) was administered to 97 multicultural children and 110 Korean children. Among them 20 multicultural children and 22 Korean children were determined as children with PTSD symptoms. SCT was administrated to 42 children and the content analysis of 42 SCTs was undertaken. The following results are the major findings of this research: a) multicultural children perceived their mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers more negatively than Korean children; b) only 55% of multicultural children had positive self-images while almost Korean children had positive self-images; c) multicultural children expressed psychological trauma from peers in school while Korean children expressed psychological trauma from parents at home. Lastly, we discussed implications of the results, limitations and suggestions for future study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.417-438
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• 2013

This study studies the effect of student teacher's sense of humor, psychological well-being and ego-resilience by general characteristics and by examining the correlation with each other and influences. A sample of 323 student teachers was obtained from a college and a university in the Busan area. This study made use of an research instrument which was a questionnaire for sense of humor(Woo, 2008), psychological well-being(Lee, 2006) and ego-resilience(Park, 1997). For the data analysis connection analysis and regression analysis, SPSS version 18.0 was used. The results of study are as follows. First, student teachers have scores which are above average scores of sense of humor, psychological well-being and ego-resilience. Second, there was a positive correlation between the sense of humor and ego-resilience and a low grade variable of ego-resilience of student teachers and their sense of humor and psychological well-being and between their psychological well-being and ego-resilience. Third, When a multilinear regression analysis was made to confirm which variable would affect ego-resilience, sense of humor and a low grade variable of their was found to exert a statistically significant impact by 5%, and psychological well-being and a low grade variable of their was found to exert a statistically significant impact by 26%. Based on the results, the education training or programs for student teacher to use the sense of humor and psychological well-being should be developed according to the ego-resilience.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of violin learning as to enhance the attention span and impulsiveness of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD). Three children with ADHD, grade 2, 3, 4 were selected to participate in the research. A total of 15 session were given during 8 week time span, including a final performance session. For measurement, Korean-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL), Home Situation Questionnaire-Revised (HSQ-R), Conners Teacher Rating Scale-Revised (CTRS-R) were administered before and after the implementation. Other behavioral checklist were used to record inappropriate or interruptive behaviors. The results showed that violin learning has increased attention span and reduced impulsive behaviors of all three children with ADHD. Along with these changes, the identified inappropriate behaviors reduced as sessions progressed. Also the changes observed within the music environment were generalized to non-music environment, such as family and school. These results also indicate that violin can be a therapeutic medium used in music therapy setting to bring positive changes for children with ADHD problems.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2017

Objective: It is important to assess the participation and understand the characteristics of participation for setting goal of the child's treatment and strengthening participation. In this study, we verified the validity of the LIFE-H 1.0, so that domestic occupational therapists can systematically evaluate children's participation. Methods: This study was conducted for about 2 months from February to April 2016 in 47 children with disabilities and non-disabled children. We divided the children into two groups aged 0-4 years and 5-13 years old and conducted a self-report questionnaire to parents. The collected data were verified by SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) statistical analysis program. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in general characteristics. In comparison of two groups, a significant difference(p<.05) was found in the LIFE-H 1.0 total performance and satisfaction score and the high discriminant validity was verified. Conclusion: The ultimate goal of occupational therapy is to increase participation. Therefore, the occupational therapist must be able to assess the level of participation and than set the goal of intervention. This study confirms the high level of validity and expects that Korean version of LIFE-H 1.0 will be widely used in clinical field and research.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2006

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Korean children. Method : This case-control study included 69 patients with atopic dermatitis and 42 normal students. Diagnoses of atopic dermatitis and assessments of its severity were made by the dermatologist. The MAST tests were administered to atopic dermatitis patients. The parents of all of the subjects completed the parent versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV(ARS). Results: Compared to the normal control group, the atopic dermatitis group scored significantly higher in the total, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity profiles of the ARS(t=3.35, p<0.01 : t=6.41, p<0.01 ; t=3.93, p<0.01, respectively), The atopic dermatitis patients with ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity subtype showed more severe symptoms of atopic dermatitis than those with ADHD inattentive subtype. The MAST-positive atopic dermatitis patients showed significantly increased incidence of ADHD symptoms than the MAST-negative counterparts. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest the possibility of an association between IgE-mediated atopic responsiveness and ADHD symptomatology.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the relationship between the presence and severity of depression and chewing problems (CPs) in a representative sample of the general population. Materials and Methods: Health surveys and examinations were conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 8150) of Korean was conducted. CPs was determined by a simple survey response concerning "Do you feel uncomfortable about chewing your food because of problems with your mouth such as teeth, dentures and gums?" Depression was defined as individuals with a total score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 survey. Data regarding demographics, socioeconomic history and comorbid health conditions were used to analyze adjusted logistic regression models. Results: In the Korean population, the prevalence of depression was significantly greater in individuals with CP (17.2%) than in those without CP (10.2%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of depression was significantly associated with CPs (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 1.90, P < 0.001). The risk of CPs increased with increasing severity of depression as follows: severe depression (OR: 2.62, P < 0.001), moderately severe depression (OR: 2.19, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of depression was significantly associated with CPs, especially in severely depressed individuals. Depression screening should be considered in treating CP patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to identify effect of a sensory integration(SI) program provided to elementary school students as an after-school activity. The study is looking at both occupational performance components and school-task performance which is an area of occupational performance. Methods : SI program specially designed as an after-school activity was provided to three boys who are first- or second grade students of Y elementary school in Dae-Jeon city. The SI intervention was organized with 25 sessions and carried out for two months. One group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SI program. Measurements used are Short Sensory Profile(SSP), K-DTVP-2, and BOTMP for occupational performance components, and School Function Assessment for functional schooltask performance. Results : It is found that posttest scores were enhanced in all assessments SSP; BOTMP; K-DTVP-2; and SFA. Conclusion : Results of this study simply propose that sensory integration program designed as after-school activity may have positive effects on not only occupational performance components but also on school-task performance of elementary school student. Since sample size is too small, however, there is limitation to find statistical significance. Further researches testing large number of subjects are required to boost the finding of this study.