• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.634-645
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the teachers' stages of concern and levels of use on STEAM of the 2009 elementary science curriculum and to support effective application according to the teachers' stages and levels. Therefore this study was conducted by the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM). The total number of 113 teachers participated in this study. The results of the study were as follows: First, most teachers were in the stage of awareness. Second, the results of the chi-square test showed that the stages were significantly different according to their positions, training experiences and final degrees (p<.05). Third, about half of teachers were in the level of orientation and preparation. The others were in the level of routine, integration and renewal. Fourth, the results of the chi-square test showed that the levels were significantly different with the categories of their gender, position, age, career in education, workplace and training experience (p<.05). Fifth, the correlation coefficient between stages of concern and levels of use (r=.59) was relatively high (p<.05). Based on these results, we suggested that the support of application should be provided according to the teachers' stages and levels.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between personal temperament, dental visit, and dental fear among adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 400 adults visiting dental clinics from April to June, 2016. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, dental fear, and temperament. Data were analyzed by t test, chi-square test, chi-square test, and pearson's correlation analysis using SPSS v. 23.0. Results: The first impression of dental clinics had an impact on dental fear (p<0.001). The negative image on the dental clinics increased dental fear of the visitors. There was a significant difference between the purpose of dental visit and dentla fear. Conclusions: The positive image of the dental clinics can solve the dental fear due to treatment in the adults. The dental consumers should try to have the comfortable attitude toward dental clinic in case of visit.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.569-581
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• 2019

This study investigated differences in cosmetic buying behavior and personal characteristics between cosmetic involvement groups. Cosmetics buying behavior refers to reason for using cosmetics, use of information sources, selection criteria, place of purchase, use/non-use of cosmetics, purchase propensity, purchase frequency, purchase amount, and satisfaction with cosmetics. Personal characteristic contains pursuing image, age, residence area, job, and average household monthly income. Data was collected from 5-10 December 2016, from 308 females in their 20s using an internet survey. The analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests. The respondents were divided into two groups (a high cosmetic involvement group and a low cosmetic involvement group) according to the degree of cosmetic involvement. The results of t-tests revealed significant differences between groups in terms of reasons for using cosmetics, use of information sources, selection criteria, purchase frequency, place of purchase, use/non-use of cosmetics, and satisfaction with cosmetics. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests highlighted a significant difference in purchase frequency between both groups. The results of chi-square tests indicated significant differences in purchase frequency, purchase amount, pursuing image, and average household monthly income. However, no significant differences were evident in terms of purchase propensity, age, job, and area of residence between groups.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a transformation scheme used to analyze online gaming traffic properties and develop a traffic model. We analyze the packet size and the inter departure time distributions of a popular first-person shooter game (Left 4 Dead) and a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (World of Warcraft) in order to compare them to the existing scheme. Recent online gaming traffic is erratically distributed, so it is very difficult to analyze. Therefore, our research focuses on a transformation scheme to obtain new smooth patterns from a messy dataset. It extracts relatively heavy-weighted density data and then transforms them into a corresponding dataset domain to obtain a simplified graph. We compare the analytical model histogram, the chi-square statistic, and the quantile-quantile plot of the proposed scheme to an existing scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme demonstrates a good fit in all parts. The chi-square statistic of our scheme for the Left 4 Dead packet size distribution is less than one ninth of the existing one when dealing with erratic traffic.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.535-543
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate factors related to Unmet Medical Needs of Injury Patient and to suggest factors, and the subjects of the study were conducted on 2,169 patients with Unmet medical needs experience among those who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Survey. Data were frequency percentage, Chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis, which were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 Program. The more stressed, the more depressed, the more thingking of suicide, the more factors related to unmet medical needs. It is expected that this will contribute to improving the medical utilization system and making policy decisions to prevent Unmet medical needs in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

In this paper, the design theory of the corrugated polarizer using square waveguide is proposed. In order to analysis the characteristic of square waveguide discontinuity as well as achievement of the low VSWR, we apply the modified $TE^\chi_mn$ mode matching method and the corrugated exponential function to the polarizer design. The results show a broadband characteristic that phase shift angle is nearly appeared $90^{\circ}$ in the range of 11.7-15.8GHz. Especially, we could be designed the Ku-band dual polarizer for the satellite broadcasting transponder with 300MHz bandwidth. Its phase shift angle and maximum VSWR, axial ratio are $90^{\circ},\pm1^{\circ}$, 1.03, and 1.0001 in the range of 11.7-12.0GHz and 14.5-14.8GHz, respectively.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

This study in the treatment of autistic horse therapy of children with disabilities that affect the perception of parents is to some extent how well treatment for a sense of purpose and a horse therapy was to evaluate the expectations. As parents of autistic children with disabilities a questionnaire study of 100 people was used as a research tool. Analysis of the frequency analysis method, Chi-square Analysis were analyzed by taking advantage of each. Parents interested in horse therapy and children who do not have the experience of riding. In addition, Parents who have children age 10-20 riding in the response was that there would be effects Understanding mainly ride horses in the horse therapy is physical exercise. And therapy and exercise that combines specific area of expertise, as is the way to help. In addition, behavior modification, and it is used as a way to improve. Expectations in the therapeutic horse therapy should be major(occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy). Horse therapy is suitable for individual therapy at least for 2-3 weeks and the Confederacy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.437-448
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to test a path model for the factors related to undergraduate nursing students' clinical practicum stress, based on Lazarus and Folkman's stress-coping model. Methods: This study utilized a path analysis design. A total of 235 undergraduate nursing students participated in this study. The variables in the hypothetical path model consisted of clinical practicum, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, Nun-chi, and nursing professionalism. We tested the fit of the hypothetical path model using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 22.0. Results: The final model fit demonstrated a satisfactory statistical acceptance level: goodness-of-fit-index=.98, adjusted goodness-of-fit-index=.91, comparative fit index=.98, normed fit index=.95, Tucker-Lewis index=.92, and root mean square error of approximation=.06. Self-efficacy (${\beta}=-.22$, p=.003) and Nun-chi behavior (${\beta}=-.17$, p=.024) were reported as significant factors affecting clinical practicum stress, explaining 10.2% of the variance. Nursing professionalism (${\beta}=.20$, p=.006) and self-efficacy (${\beta}=.45$, p<.001) had direct effects on emotional intelligence, explaining 45.9% of the variance. Self-efficacy had indirect effects on Nun-chi understanding (${\beta}=.20$, p<.001) and Nun-chi behavior (${\beta}=.09$, p=.005) through emotional intelligence. Nursing professionalism had indirect effects on Nun-chi understanding (${\beta}=.09$, p=.005) and Nun-chi behavior (${\beta}=.09$, p=.005) through emotional intelligence. The variables for self-efficacy and nursing professionalism explained 29.1% of the Nun-chi understanding and 18.2% of the Nun-chi behavior, respectively. Conclusion: In undergraduate nursing education, it is important to identify and manage factors that affect clinical practicum stress. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of Nun-chi, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and nursing professionalism in the development of an educational strategy for undergraduate nursing students.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.273-285
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate facial form, arch form and tooth form in young adults to determine if a correlation exists. 115 subjects who had healthy natural maxillary incisors and good occlusion consisted of 71 males and 44 females ranging from 20-30 years of age. Facial photographs and, intraoral photographs of upper anterior teeth and dental casts of upper jaws were taken to demonstrate facial form, dental arch form and tooth form. Form analysis is determined by comparing the ratio of the widths of the faces, dental archs and the teeth. The Chi-square test of independence between facial form, arch form and tooth form, was executed and the significance level determined. The results were as follows : 1. The distribution of facial forms was 66.1% square-tapering, 27.0% square, 5.2% ovoid, 2% tapering-square. 2. The distribution of tooth forms was 65.2% ovoid, 20.0% square-tapering, 11.3 % tapering-square, 3.5 % square. 3. The distribution of arch forms was 50.4 % square-tapering, 48.7 % tapering, 0.9 % reverse tapering-square. 4. There was no large differences in the distribution of facial forms, dental arch forms and tooth-forms between male and female. 5. No relationship existed between the tooth form and the facial form. 6. No relationship existed between the facial form and the dental arch form. 7. No relationship existed between the tooth form and the dental arch form. 8. This gave the impression that dental arch form and facial form could not be used as a true index in tooth selection.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2004

If the given information is exact, though it is the little, we had better use it than not use in analysis. In this article, the problem of independence test in a contingency table is considered when two marginal distributions of a population are given exactly. For that case, a likelihood-ratio chi-squared test statistic and its Pearsonian type chi-squared test statistic are derived. By Monte Carlo Simulations the traditional chi-square tests and the derived tests are compared. And the related some testing problems are synthetically explained on a geometrical viewpoint.