• 제목/요약/키워드: Chemical fertilizer

검색결과 1,583건 처리시간 0.055초

Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Paddy Soil

  • Lee, Chang Hoon;Jung, Ki Youl;Kang, Seong Soo;Kim, Myung Sook;Kim, Yoo Hak;Kim, Pil Joo
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.216-222
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    • 2013
  • Fertilizer management has the potential to promote the storage of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils and thus may contribute to crop sustainability and mitigation of global warming. In this study, the effects of fertilizer practices [no fertilizer (Control), chemical fertilizer (NPK), Compost, and chemical fertilizer plus compost] on soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in inner soil profiles of paddy soil at 0-60 cm depth were examined by using long-term field experimental site at $42^{nd}$ years after installation. TC and TN concentrations of the treatments which included N input (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) in plow layer (0-15 cm) ranged from 19.0 to 26.4 g $kg^{-1}$ and 2.15 to 2.53 g $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Compared with control treatment, SOC (soil organic C) and TN concentrations were increased by 24.1 and 31.0%, 57.6 and 49.7%, and 72.2 and 54.5% for NPK, Compost, and NPK+Compost, respectively. However, long term fertilization significantly influenced TC concentration and pools to 30 cm depth. TC and TN pools for NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost in 0-30 cm depth ranged from 44.8 to 56.8 Mg $ha^{-1}$ and 5.78 to 6.49 Mg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. TC and TN pools were greater by 10.5 and 21.4%, 30.3 and 29.6%, and 39.9 and 36.3% in N input treatments (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) than in control treatment. These resulted from the formation and stability of aggregate in paddy soil with continuous mono rice cultivation. Therefore, fertilization practice could contribute to the storage of C and N in paddy soil, especially, organic amendments with chemical fertilizers may be alternative practices to sequester carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soil.

퇴비, 볏짚, 헤어리베치 시용이 수도의 생육 및 토양에 미치는 영향 (Soil Properties and Growth and Yield of Rice Affected by Compost, Rice Straw and Hairy Vetch)

  • 이용환;이상민;성좌경;한희석;안종웅;곽창길;김완석
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.397-404
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    • 2011
  • 볏짚과 볏짚으로 만든 퇴비, 그리고 녹비작물인 헤어리베치를 시용하여 벼의 생육과 수량, 토양의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 벼의 시기별 생육상황은 삼요소구에 비하여 유기물원인 볏짚과 퇴비 시용구에서 초장 및 경수가 감소하였으며, 헤어리베치 시용구는 삼요소구와 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 수량 및 수량구성요소에서 주당 수수는 삼요소구가 가장 높았고, 유기물 시용 간에는 차이가 없었으며, 수당 립수는 헤어리베치 시용구에서 가장 낮은 경향을 보였다. 천립중은 처리간에는 차이가 없었으며, 등숙률은 삼요소구에 비하여 유기물 시용구에서 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수량은 삼요소구(100%)에 비해, 퇴비 시용구(77%), 볏짚 시용구(72%) 및 헤어리베치 시용구(103%) 순으로 나타났다. 유기물 시용으로 토양의 용적밀도의 감소와 이에 따른 공극률을 증가시켰으며, 결국 유기물시용이 토양의 물리성을 양호하게 하는 것으로 나타났다.

한국 밭토양 화학성 변동 평가 (Status and Changes in Chemical Properties of Upland Soil from 2001 to 2017 in Korea)

  • 김이현;공명석;이은진;이태구;정구복
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.213-218
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND: Monitoring of the dynamic changes of chemical properties in agricultural land is very important for agricultural sustainability. Chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea have been investigated at four-year interval in the order of paddy, plastic film house, upland, and orchard soils since 1999. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total 8,160 topsoil samples were taken from the upland in 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017, respectively. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), available phosphate (Avail. $P_2O_5$), and exchangeable (Exch.) cations (K, Ca, and Mg) were analyzed. Soil pH and Exch. Ca contents have increased since 2001. Average concentration of Avail. $P_2O_5$ increased from $547mg\;kg^{-1}$ in 2001 to $657mg\;kg^{-1}$ in 2017. Average concentration of Exch. Ca in 2017 was higher than the upper limit of its optimal range for upland cultivation. Excess and deficiency of chemical properties of upland soils comply with soil analysis and fertilizer prescription. CONCLUSION: We concluded that excessive nutrient in upland needed to be properly managed with soil test.

Long-term Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Compost Applications on Yield of Red Pepper and Soil Chemical Properties

  • Park, Young-Eun;Lim, Tae-Jun;Park, Jin-Myeon;Lee, Seong-Eun
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2018
  • A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (21-year) fertilizer and compost treatments on the yield of red pepper and chemical properties in top-dong, Suwon. Six treatments were chosen for this work: No fertilization (No fert.), NPK fertilizers (NPK), NPK and compost (NPK+Compost), NP and compost (NP+Compost), NK and compost (NK+Compost), PK and compost (PK+Compost). The yield of red pepper for 21 years indicated the significant differences among the No fertilization, the PK+Compost, and other treatments. The relative yield index was 13% and 59% respectively, for the No fertilization and the PK+Compost if the average yield of red pepper for the NPK regards $20,048kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the yield index with 100%. Soil organic matter at the compost applied treatments significantly increased compared with the No fert. and the NPK. The average increase rates of soil organic matter by applying the compost ranged from 0.69 to $0.73g\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Available phosphate content in soil appeared the significant increase all treatments excluding the No fert. It is estimated that the available phosphate in soil was increased by $7.0mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying compost and $14.2mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying P fertilizer. Application of K fertilizer or the compost alone, the NPK, the NP+Compost, continuously caused soil K depletion whereas K fertilization plus the compost maintained at a constant level of exchangeable K. The results indicated that the addition of compost to NPK fertilizer is recommended for the maximum stable yield for red pepper and enhancement of organic matter though it is also needed for adjusting of P and K fertilization.

화학비료와 유기비료 시비후 오염배출 농도 특성 비교 (Comparison of Pollutant Load Discharge Characteristics with Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Compost Applications)

  • 류창원;신용철;허성구;최예환;임경재;최중대
    • 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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    • pp.490-495
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    • 2005
  • Organic compost has been widely applied to the cropland because it has been thought as Environmentally Sound Agriculture (ESA) in Korea. However, many field researches have been done to investigate water quality impacts of organic compost uses, compared to those from chemical fertilizer applications. It was found that pollutant loads from organic compost applied croplands were higher than those from chemical fertilizer applied areas. However, there might be other unknown factors affecting the results since the experiments were performed at the outside fields. In this study, indoor rainfall experiments using the Norton rainfall simulator systems were done to minimize and exclude errors from unknown sources by controlling soil characteristics, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, and fertilizer treatments. The amounts of surface runoff and groundwater percolated from 10% and 20% slope plots were measured and water quality samples were collected and analyzed for BOD, COD, and T-P. Flow weighted mean concentration (FWMC) values were computed to assess effects of different fertilizer treatments. It was found that average concentration values of BOD were 5.57 mg/L from chemical fertilizer treated plot and 8.08 mg/L from organic compost treated plots. For 10% slope, FWMC BOD values from organic compost treated plots were higher by 29.9% than those from chemical fertilizer treated plots. For 20% slope, FWMC BOD values from organic plots were higher by 38.8% than those from chemical fertilizer plots. FWMC BOD values for 20% slope plots were higher than those from those for 10% slope plots. The similar trends were found for COD and T-P. In Korea, excessive use of organic compost has caused extremely high levels of organic matter contents at the cropland. Organic compost are usually applied to the cropland to improve soil quality, while chemical fertilizer is applied to help crop growth. Since organic compost is very slow in releasing its nutrients to the soil, farmers usually apply excessive organic compost for immediate effects and maximum crop yields, which has been causing soil and water quality degradations. Therefore, thorough investigations for better nutrient management plans are needed to develop the ESA strategy in Korea.

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화학비료(化學肥料) 및 유기물(有機物) 시용시(施用時) 방선균(放線菌) Flora의 구성변화(構成變化) (Effect of Chemical Fertilizers and Organic Materials on Soil Actinomycetes Flora)

  • 홍사현;양창술
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.420-426
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    • 1998
  • 토양미생물(土壤微生物) 특히, 방선균(放線菌)의 수(數)는 천연유기물(天然有機物) 첨가구(添加區)가 그외 첨가물(添加物) 시용구(施用區)보다 월등히 높았으며, 또한 첨가(添加)되는 유기물(有機物)의 C/N비(比)에 따라서도 균수(菌數)의 변화(變化)가 있었다. C/N비(比)가 낮을수록 방선균수(放線菌數)의 증가(增加)는 크나 단기간에 감소(減少)하고 C/N비(比)가 높으면 지속적인 방선균수(放線菌數)유지를 보여준다. 그리고 방선균수(放線菌數)는 pH의 영향(影響)을 크게 받는다. 토양(土壤)의 pH가 배양후기(培養後期)로 접어들면서 감소(減少)하였고 토양중(土壤中) 미생물(微生物)의 균수(菌數)도 감소(減少)하였다. 방선균(放線菌)의 수(數)는 14일째 대조구(對照區)에서 4배(倍), 크로버 시용구(施用區)에서 36배(倍), 볏짚시용구(施用區)에서 20배(倍), 화학비료시용구(化學肥料施用區)에서 5배(倍), 유기질(有機質) 발효비료(醱酵肥料) 시용구(施用區)에서 4배(倍)의 증가(增加)를 보였다. 14일째의 방선균중(放線菌中) Streptomyces속(屬)의 비율(比率)은 대조구(對照區) 62%, 크로버 시용구(施用區) 60%, 볏짚 시용구(施用區) 68%, 화학비료(化學肥料) 시용구(施用區) 67%, 그리고 유기질(有機質) 발효비료(醱酵肥料) 시용구(施用區) 64%로 볏짚시용구(施用區)가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다.

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Effects of Microbe-inoculated Expanded Rice Hull on Growth, Yield and Grain Quality of Rice

  • Kim, Young Jun;Nunez, John Paolo;Seo, Pil Dae;Ultra, Venecio U. Jr.;Lee, Sang Chul
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제58권1호
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    • pp.78-83
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    • 2013
  • The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in the past has brought serious soil and other environmental problems so alternatives over this agrochemical are being searched. Our study focuses on the effects of expanded rice hull inoculated with selected beneficial microorganisms on growth (through agronomic characters), yield and yield components, and grain quality indices of rice. Results showed that favorable effects of different expanded rice hull preparations were not readily apparent at vegetative stage and only treatments with supplemental chemical fertilizer application were comparable with the conventional practice. Expanded rice hull combined with 50% rate of chemical fertilizer exhibited a significantly higher yield (6,471 kg $ha^{-1}$) over conventional practice (5,719 kg $ha^{-1}$). Good milling quality indices were observed in treatments having 50% chemical fertilizers plus alternatives from expanded rice hull. Finally, we demonstrated that chemical fertilizer rate can potentially be reduced into 50% if combined with expanded rice hull, and show even better output than chemical fertilizer alone.

Effect of Cover Crop Species and Liquid Manure Application Rate on Green Manure Production, Leaf Mineral Content, Fruit Quality and Soil Chemical Properties in Pear Orchard

  • Lee, Seong Eun;Park, Jin Myeon;Park, Young Eun;Choi, Dong Geun
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제47권6호
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    • pp.558-562
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    • 2014
  • Cover cropping and liquid manure application are considered as effective ways to replace the use of chemical fertilizer in orchard. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cover crop species and liquid manure application rate on green manure production, leaf mineral content, fruit quality and soil chemical properties in pear orchard. The treatments include rye and hairy vetch as cover crops, two liquid manure application levels based on N and $K_2O$ requirement on each cover crop species, and chemical fertilizer as control. Green manure production was higher in hairy vetch than in rye. K content of pear leaves and soil exchangeable K content increased in N based liquid manure application treatments. The yield was higher in rye + liquid manure and fertilizer treatments, and fruit quality was not different between the treatments. Taking all of these into account, rye + $K_2O$ requirement-based liquid manure application is recommended in pear orchard for not only sufficient nutrient supply but also prevention of any problem related with soil $K_2O$ accumulation in pear orchard in long-term perspective.

사과원에서 유기질비료시용이 토양화학성 및 사과 수량에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Organic Fertilizer Application on the Chemical Properties of the Orchard Soils and Apple Yield)

  • 최정;이동훈;최충렬
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.393-397
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    • 2000
  • 퇴비의 시용량에 따른 사과의 수량과 토양화학성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 사과원에 퇴비시용량의 증가에 의해 토양중의 인산함량 및 치환성 양이온의 함량이 증가하였으나, 유기물은 거의 변화가 없었다. 퇴비의 시용량이 증가할수록 사과의 수량은 증가하였으나, 경도 및 당도의 차이는 없었다. 화학비료를 감비처리하고 퇴비의 시용량을 높인 결과 퇴비의 시용량이 증가함에 따라 토양 중 유기물 및 Ca의 함량은 증가하였다.

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유기질 비료시용에 따른 도라지의 생육 및 약용성분에 미치는 효과 (Effects of Organic fertilizer Application on Growth and Medicinal ingredients of Platycodon grandiflorum Radix)

  • 전승호;노일래;김영국;조영손
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.511-524
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    • 2016
  • 이 연구는 도라지의 유기재배를 위하여 유기질 비료 시용이 도라지 뿌리의 생육특성 및 사포닌, 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시되었다. 3년근 도라지를 이식하기 전 기비로 화학비료, 유기질비료, 균배양체, 유박 및 퇴비를 시용한 결과, 뿌리의 길이는 화학비료와 유기질 비료 시용구에서 25.3 cm와 24.0 cm로 가장 길었으며, 직경에서도 화학비료 시용구에서 가장 굵은 26.6 mm 나타났다. 지근의 수는 유기질퇴비와 화학비료 시용구에서 가장 많은 20.0개와 17.0개로 조사되었으며, 수량과 관련성이 있는 생체중은 유기질비료 시용구에서 55.7 g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. Platycodin D의 함량은 327.4~373.8 mg/100 g의 범위로 유기질퇴비 시용구에서 높은 값이 나타났으며, 도라지의 총 polyphenol 및 flavonoid 함량은 유기질비료 시용구에서 각각 15.5, 15.3 mg/g 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 도라지의 유기재배시 유기질비료 시용구에서 수량성을 물론, 약리성 증대를 위한 사포닌 함량이 많은 지근의 수와 항산화 성분이 높은 것으로 나타났다.