• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

In recent years, there is growing concern about the potential use of biological agents in war or acts of terrorism accompanied an increased realization that rapid preparedness and response are needed to prevent or treat the human damage that can be caused by these agents. The threat is indeed serious, and the potential for devastating numbers of casualties is high. The use of agents as weapons, even on a small scale, has the potential for huge social and economic disruption and massive diversion of regional and national resources to combat the threat, to treat primary disease, and to clean up environmental contamination. Biological weapons are one of weapons of mass destruction (or mass casualty weapons, to be precise. since they do not damage non-living entities) that are based on bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi or toxins produced by these organisms. Biological weapons are known to be easy and cheap to produce and can be used to selectively target humans, animals, or plants. Theses agents can cause large numbers of casualties with minimal logistical requirements (in wide area). The spread of disease cannot be controlled until there is awareness of the signs of infection followed by identification of agents; and if the organism is easily spread from person to person, as in the case of smallpox, the number of casualties could run into the tens of thousands. Biological weapons could be used covertly, there can be a lot of different deployment scenarios. A lot of different agents could be used in biological weapons. And, there are a lot of different techniques to manufacture biological weapons. Terrorist acts that make use of Biological Agents differ in a number of ways from those involving chemicals. The distinction between terrorist and military use of Biological Weapon is increasingly problematic. The stealthy qualities of biological weapons further complicate the distinction between terrorism and war. In reality, all biological attacks are likely to require an integrated response involving both military and civilian communities. The basic considerations when public health agencies establish national defence plan against bioterrorism must be 1) arraying various laws and regulations to meet the realistic needs, 2)education for public health personnels and support of concerned academic society, 3)information collection and cooperative project with other countries, 4)Detection and surveillance(Early detection is essential for ensuring a prompt response to biological or chemical attack, including the provision of prophylactic medicines, chemical antidotes, or vaccines) and 5) Response(A comprehensive public health response to a biological or chemical terrorist event involves epidemiologic investigation, medical treatment and prophylaxis for affacted persons, and the initiation of disease prevention or environmental decontamination measures). The purpose of this paper is providing basic material of preparedness and response for biological terrorism in modern society.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2014

In spite of international efforts to control nuclear weapons and chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) weapons, North Korea obtains and sells CBR weapons illegally. As a result, the worldwide threat of CBR weapons is increasing. Unfortunately, civil defense education and training for CBR weapons have not been adopted for real situations because of the long period of absence of an actual combat. In this study, virtual training scenarios that are applied to the simulation were made in 5 steps to cope with CBR situations. These scenarios are expected to have three effects. First, trainings can be improved with experience and education. Second, the problems and health hazards of CBR weapons and supplies can be solved with CBR virtual training simulation experience. Finally, corresponding effects can be recognized and predicted in real situations through roles and mission procedures of simulation scenario.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2014

북한은 화생방 무기체계운용의 경제성과 재래식 무기의 한계성을 인지하여 비대칭 전력을 활용한 대량살상무기에 대해 꾸준한 준비를 하고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 현재의 민방위 대피시설은 실질적으로 재래식 폭탄 및 미사일 등에 대한 위협만을 고려하고 있으며, 화생방 및 각종 테러 등의 재난 발생 시 적절하게 대응하지 못하여 민간의 피해를 가중시킬 수 있는 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 우리의 실정과 재난 특성에 따라 적절히 대응할 수 있는 민방위대피시설의 계획 및 설계 방안을 도출하기 위해 화생방 재난을 중심으로 민방위 대피시설의 현황 및 설계기준을 파악하였으며 연구를 통해 얻은 결과 및 제안사항을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2014

We have developed a cost-effective and facile method to manufacture a pouch-type chemical vapor sampler. Originally, the sampler was developed by U. S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center(NSRDEC) to determine the protective capability of individual protective ensembles or Man-in-Simulant Test (MIST). They used a selectively permeable high density polyethylene(HDPE) as front membrane and aluminum/ Nylon barrier film as an impermeable back sheet in order to mimic the actual adsorption process that occurs when the skin is exposed to chemical weapons. However, it costs over twenty dollars per sampler and the minimum of quantity is 2500 per order. In addition, it is inconvenient to employ a variety of adsorbents into the sampler, which could prevent MIST researchers to do various tests for development of MIST methodologies. Here, we report the simple method to manufacture the sampler in a laboratory scale. All the materials we used are easily obtainable and inexpensive. In addition, all the procedures we perform are generally known. We used methyl salicylate(MeS) vapor to be adsorbed into the sampler and employed several different adsorbents to evaluate the performance of samplers. The results obtained by home-made samplers and commercially avaliable one showed no significant differences. Also, MeS vapor was selectively adsorbed into the sampler depending on adsorbents. We conclude that home-made samplers are capable of collecting any kind of chemical vapor for a variety of purposes.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제7호
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• pp.287-307
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• 2004

Mass killing and injuring by purpose, the countries that is hurrying countermeasure preparation of investigators who enforce that necessity to compare to intimidation of doing creature weapon is common concerns of the several countries including advanced nation such as the United States of America. Development and use of biological weapon have increased too recently to private citizens unlike development of military purpose in country dimension. The latest WHO is preparing proposal of standard stroke model who each department solidifies preparedness for chemical biological and electronic weapon revising report about biological weapon. But in case of korea, confrontation plan that bamboo broom about possibility of attack to the common people and attack comparing actual state in case of attained nothing but is readying remedy about biological warfare partially in military dimension was not readied. The purpose of this article is a study on threat of bio-weapons and the countermeasure.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

북의 단거리 발사체 및 미사일은 S-300 계열 이스칸데르급으로 사거리는 270-420km, 고도는 40-50km 내에서 타격이 가능한 무기체계로 우리가 보유하고 있는 탐지레이더나 타격무기로는 대응이 매우 어렵다. 북이 서울 불바다를 운운하는 것도 이러한 단거리 로켓과 미사일에 핵이나 화학무기를 장착하여 수도권을 타격하겠다는 의도를 파악 할 수 있기 때문에 하루 빨리 대응무기의 전력화나 도입이 매우 시급하다. 북의 단거리 미사일 방어에 즉각 대응하기 위한 무기체계로 이스라엘에서 운용하고 있는 아이언 돔 및 아이언 빔 체계가 적합함으로 조기 도입하고 장기적으로 국내 자체적으로 단거리 미사일 방어를 위한 한국형 미사일방어와 타격체계인 Kill Chain을 지속 개발하고 국방과학연구소, 한국과학기술원, 방산 업체들과 협업하여 자체 기술력 확보로 북의 무모한 도발에 상시 대비할 수 있도록 만반의 준비태세를 갖추어야 하겠다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.78-100
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• 2009

This study is to protect peoples' life, minimize the property damage by coping with threats quickly and take more preventive measures in advance against nuclear bomb, CBR, and potential explosive. For this, CBRNE(Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive) program research was used. Thanks to advance in technology, terrorist groups and even individuals make or keep nuclear and CBR weapons. And also it's likely that disaster and threats from a toxic gas, acute pathogens, accidents in the nuclear power plants and a high explosive could be happened a lot. Recently more organized terrorist groups maintain random attacks for unspecified individuals and also it's highly likely that a large-scale terrorist attack by WMD and CBRNEwill be done. To take strict measures against CBRNE attacks by terrorists is on the rise as an urgent national task. Moreover biological weapons are relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain or produce and cause mass casualties with a small amount. For this reason, more than 25 countries have already possessed them. In the 21 st century, the international safety environment marks the age of complicated threats : transnational threats such as comprehensive security and terror, organized crime, drug smuggling, illegal trade of weapons of mass destruction, and environmental disruption along with traditional security threats. These cause military threats, terror threats, and CBRNE threats in our daily life to grow. Therefore it needs to come up with measures in such areas as research development, policy, training program. Major industrial nations on CBRNE like USA, Canada, Switzerland, and Israel have implemented various educational programs. These researches could be utilized as basic materials for drawing up plans for civil defense, emergency services and worldwide countermeasures against CBRNE.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.886-893
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• 2018

U.S. and the allies attacked chemical weapons sites in Syria in 2018, and verbal battles are carried out about the effectiveness of the air strike. Syria claimed 13 missiles were shot down, and Russia claimed 71 missiles were shot down while the U.S. released pictures of completely destroyed targets, only. It led controversy about the effectiveness of missile defense system. If there is a method to observe mission success rate of the air strike, it can not only improve combat awareness but also can be a good sales strategy in military industry. This paper describes effects and considerations of a Weapon Data Link(WDL) technology which can be used as a smoking gun of effectiveness. The paper describes WDL abilities such as In-Flight Track Update, Loiter, and Bomb Hit Indication etc., and presents examples of expected effectiveness of the WDL. In addition, this paper briefly summarizes operational consideration for better performance.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

무기체계 효과도 분석을 위한 국방M&S 분야는 실 전장환경과 유사한 무기체계 실험 환경을 제공하는 현실적인 수단으로 인정받고 있다. 국방 분야에서 군의 전투개념이 플랫폼 중심 전투(PCW, Platform Centric Warfare)에서 네트워크 중심전투(NCW, Network Centric Warfare)으로 변화됨에 따라 무기체계 효과도 분석 및 이의 군사적 활용에서 스마트폰을 적용하려는 시도가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 국방 M&S분야의 무기체계 효과도 분석 시, 기존 모델을 스마트폰에 적용하기 위해 클라이언트/서버 방식으로 재작성 해야 하는 비용, 특정 기기 및 OS에 따른 중복 개발 비용, 대규모 데이터 교환방법 및 보안의 부재는 무기체계 효과도 분석에 스마트폰의 사용을 어렵게 만든다. 본 논문에서는 스마트폰을 무기체계 효과도 분석에 활용하기 위한 Smartphone Adaptor를 설계하고 구현한다. Smartphone Adaptor는 스마트폰의 GPS, motion정보 등과 같은 입력 데이터를 시뮬레이터에 전달하고 시뮬레이터로부터 시뮬레이션 진행상황 및 결과값을 받는 일련의 과정을 자동화하여 모델 작성비용을 절감한다. 또한 JSON과 SEED암호화 알고리즘을 통해 보안이 필요한 데이터에 대한 효율적 전송이 가능하도록 하였다. Smartphone Adaptor는 무기체계 효과도 분석 과정을 지원하는 통합시뮬레이션 엔진인 OpenSIM(Open Simulation engine for Interoperable Models)에 적용되었다. 본 논문에서는, 화생방 시뮬레이터에 스마트폰을 Live장비로서 활용하는 예제를 통해, 국방 M&S를 위한 Live 시뮬레이션 제작에 Smartphone Adaptor가 효과적으로 상용될 수 있음을 보인다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.79-112
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• 2010

북경협약의 주요 내용으로는 첫째, 민간 항공기를 무기로 사용하거나 다른 항공기 또는 지상의 표적을 공격하기 위해 사용하는 행위도 범죄행위로 규정하고 있다. 민간 항공기를 납치하여 무기로 사용하는 행위, 민간항공기내에서 무기를 사용하는 행위, 민간 항공기에 대해 무기 공격 행위를 신규 항공 범죄로 규정하여 민간 항공기에 대한 공격행위를 억제하며 해당 국가들에게 이를 처벌할 의무를 부여하고 있다. 둘째로 생화학 무기 및 이와 관련된 물질의 민간항공기를 활용한 불법 운송 역시 범죄행위로 간주하여 처벌을 강조하고 있다. 셋째로 군사적 활동 적용 배제하여 무력 충돌 시 군대의 활동에 대해서는 동 협약이 적용되지 않고, 국제인도법을 적용하도록 하였다. 이와 함께 국가 관할권의 확대와 협약의 적용범위 확대로 인하여 범죄가 발생한 영토의 국가 또는 항공기의 등록 국가, 범인이 발견된 영토의 국가뿐만 아니라 범죄자 국적국가, 피해자의 국적국가 및 무국적자가 주소지를 둔 국가도 관할권 행사 가능하게 함으로 신종 항공범죄에 대항 할 수 있으며 나아가 항공기와 공항을 공격하려는 세력들에 대한 피난처가 제공되면 안된다는 점을 명시하고 있다. 마지막으로 협약의 적용범위를 비행 시에서 서비스 범위내로 확대하였다. 이 조약의 특징은 궁극적으로 민간 항공안전의 확보 및 테러 행위 억제에 기여하는 내용이다.