• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 1993

Daily energy expenditures (DEE) of 82 co-eds in a University were estimated simultaneously by use of calorie counter and 15-min check list diary for 3 days, including a weekend day. The results are summarized as follows. The mean values of DEE from 15-min check list diary and calorie counter were 1967kcal and 1649kcal, respectively. DEE obtained with 15-min check list diary seems to be consistent with the results made by others concerning DEE of college female in Korea, but DEE by calorie counter was lower than that. However, DEE by calorie counter show high correlations with anthropometric indices of subjects and DEE by 15-min check list diary. Therefore, DEE by 15-min check list diary was taken as standard and regression equation for predicting DEE of subjects were developed: DEE by 15-min check list diary =3.31186 + 1.18837 $\times$ DEE by calorie counter. This technique for measuring DEE permits us to have more accurate estimate of DEE and acceptable to the subjects. When the subjects classified as underweight, normal, overweight according to relative body weight(RBW), DEE and DEE per kg of body weight were significantly different from each other between three groups based on RBW. The frequency of 15-minute periods with a categorical value of 1 was significantly higher in overweight than underweight and normal groups and the frequency of a categorical value 3 was significantly lower in overweight than underweight group. From the results shown above, physical activity level of overweight group was lower than that of normal and underweight groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2021

Before COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, it is the core value of airline's service to provide check-in service to passengers face to face. However, due to the global pandemic of COVID-19 outbreak, it is expected the airline service in the future would be dramatically changed from being contacted to being untacted with technology-based self service(TBSS). This paper analyzed the perception of passengers using self service technology and their acceptance. According to empirical analysis, it was found that the change of passengers' perception after COVID-19 has a significant positive effect on the innovation of TBSS. The innovation of TBSS(Effectiveness and certainty) had both significant positive effect on the passengers' acceptance on TBSS at airport. Among variables of TBSS, convenience rather than usefulness of TBSS had a significant positive effect on intention to use TBSS of passengers. It was proposed that airlines not only contribute to increase acceptance of TBSS but also inform and promote the prevention effect of TBSS and the importance of untact service to minimize congestion at check-in counter in airport.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.15-30
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Year of 2020, COVID-19 has been changing the people's everyday life to ways never been thought of before all over the world. The IT and electronic industry, the methods of supplying goods and services have been changed from contact to un-tact environments based on un-tact systems very rapidly. COVID-19 has been striking the tourism and the travel industry, especially the airline and hotel industry of which services are provided by human. For the passenger service of airliner, automation has been propelled and un-tact style of service has become mainstreams except cabin service since 2000's. For passenger transportation, due to traffic regulations and exclusions etc., switching to new ways is not easy. However, under the new environment made by COVID-19, kiosk check-in, web check-in and mobile check-in has become more important. In this study, the characteristics of airline customers using mobile goods are investigated to find ways to raise the rate of utilizing mobile check-in and to increase the efficiency of boarding process. Research design, data, and methodology: Considering the COVID-19 environment, survey was done by online research company. The research model is designed to integrate the user characteristics and usage/purchase motive and technology acceptance theory. Especially considering infectious diseases prevention, concern of safety is adopted as one of the usage motive variable. Results: Extraversion or conscientiousness characteristics prefers counter check-in(contact service), while openness characteristics prefers mobile check-in(un-tact service). Concern of safety for infectious disease shows strong non-preference on counter check-in. Conclusions: Regarding service type regardless of type of the industry, automation and un-tact have been mainstreams due to high costs of labor, efficiency and standardization issue, etc., and COVID-19 has given impetus to them. For airliner, un-tact service including boarding process service has been more and more important. To raise the rate of un-tact service use, the characteristics of the user should be analyzed first. The study results indicate that for extraversion or conscientiousness, some kinds of methods to induce them to use un-tact service more are needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the slaughter check results of breeding pigs from the Korean Swine Testing Station for the control of endemic diseases. Gross lesions monitored in the present study included those conditions commonly associated with economically significant subclinical herd infections: enzootic pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, pleuritis, atrophic rhinitis, liver white spots, papular dermatitis and ileitis. A total of 128 slaughter pigs were investigated at 4 subsequent tests according to the slaughter check procedures established. The prevalence of enzootic pneumonia, pleuropneumonia and pleuritis in the initial test was 67.9%, 28.6% and 17.9%, respectively. However, these were decreased to 46.7%, 6.7% and 6.7%, respectively, in the last test after implementation of counter measures including clean-up protocols and medication programs (p > 0.05). The mean pneumonic score also significantly decreased from 6.8 in the initial test to 2.8 in the last test. The prevalence of atrophic rhinitis (${\geq}score\;2$) was 32.2% and mean atrophic rhinitis score of 1.1 were recorded. However, no significant improvement of conditions was achieved with the counter measures indicating that atrophic rhinitis was originated from the source herds and lesions developed early in the life. In the initial test, prevalence of liver white spots and papular dermatitis lesions was 21.4% and 25.0%, respectively. These conditions were cleaned by the implementation of parasite control measures with all-in all-out, strict clean-up protocols and proper medications adopted in the present study (liver white spots, p = 0.0124; papular dermatitis lesions, p = 0.0055). The prevalence of ileitis lesions in slaughter pigs from the initial test was 28.6%, it could be gradually reduced by the use of repeated treatments and control measures but the effect was not so significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, slaughter check procedures were successfully established and applied for the control of endemic diseases in the Korean Swine Testing Station.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2014

The conventional hydraulic circuits for electro-hydrostatic actuators equipped with a single-rod cylinder can oscillate under overrunning load conditions. In this paper the oscillation problem encountered in the conventional hydraulic circuits for EHAs is analyzed and it is shown by simulation results that this problem can be solved by employing a counter balance valve instead of a pilot-operated check valve generally used in the conventional hydraulic circuits.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.341-358
• /
• 1998

The X-ray astronomy team of the Korea Astronomy Observatory(KAO) is planning to develop a multi-cell proportional counter, adopting an anti-coincidence method to reduce its internal background. We have developed a Monte Carlo code to determine the X-ray detection efficiency of the counter. As a check of our code, we successfully reproduced the detection efficiency of Ginga/LAC. In this paper, we report the simulation results for the counter being considered in KAO.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2007

The motion of single-rod cylinder is typically controlled by the directional control valve. In some case, the hydraulic system should be energized by the man power and at the same time the motion of a cylinder is controlled manually. It may be confusing for a man to do two things at the same time. The solution is to make up the closed hydraulic circuit with the bi-directional pump and single-rod cylinder without using a directional control valve. In the case of single-rod cylinder, the flows at the rod side and head side are so different that several valves should be installed to make the motion of single-rod cylinder possible. The hydraulic system is composed of a bi-directional pump, a single-rod cylinder, pilot operated check valves, a check valve and a counter balance valve for the purpose of actuating the lifter. The characteristics of a suggested system are analysized mathematically and numerically.

• International Journal of Railway
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.127-130
• /
• 2009

The system improves the safety and efficiency of railway transport, combining the advanced axle-counter with single-track semiautomatic block. Using computer, to accomplish relay-based semiautomatic block logic operation and axle-counter to check section status, it will further increase the performance of railway transport. Safety-related communication is one of the important topics in railway signal system. By referring to relevant safety-related communication standards, to research on safety-related communication of Micro-computer automatic block between Railway Stations System, the thesis introduces the basic requirements, concept model, codes, and the process, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.23 no.7 s.85
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2005

The time required for airport process is considered more important as the airports are becoming bigger. International Civil Aviation Organization mattes this international standards and recommends not to exceed it. The passenger forecasting model is developed to predict the number of passengers at the check-in counter, and the area of formalities for departure and entry. In case of forecasting the number of outbound-passengers. the patterns of show-up lead time(SLT) at the check-in counter and lag time from check-in counter to the area of departure formalities are modeled in terms of time. On the other hand, the matter of the choice of check-in counters and areas of departure formalities are modeled in terms of space. In case of forecasting the number of inbound-passengers and transfer passengers, the time of airplane movement from arrival to block on at the gate and the time of passengers required from gate to the area of formalities for entry are modeled in terms of time. While the matter of the choice of gates and the areas of formalities for entry are modeled in terms of space. The average error of forecasting outbound-passengers and inbound-passengers is respectively 15% and 10%, which are considered excellent with the 5% error of passenger reservation information as input data. Through the development of passenger forecasting models, we assure we could provide passengers with valuable service because we allocate resource such as employees and equipments according to the degree of concentration of passengers.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.14
• /
• pp.161-179
• /
• 2007

The numerous definition of terrorism is viewed as the use of force or violence by individual or group that is directed toward civilian populations and intended to instill fear as a means of coercing individuals or groups to change their political or social positions. Recently, the paradigm of terror has been developed as new terrorism motivated by 9. 11 terror in 2001. In these contexts, this study analyzed the case study of recent counter-terrorism of international events and suggested the policy implications. This study is split into four chapters. Chapter I is the introduction part. Chapter II introduces the reader to new terrorism theory, and Chapter III deals with the case study of the international counter-terrorism policy around the world, Chapter IV deals with the policy implications of the case study. The greater the political, economical and social advantages opening large international ceremonies, the larger the probability of being targets for terrorists and criminals. As terrorism is one of the important issue, the security problems at international ceremonies in Korea, rising country as political essence in Asian-Pacific region, become very important. With experienced know-hows against terror and preparations for security, local and central governments must promote the private security companies filling up vacancies of police and official security system and develop international ceremonies, rising high valuable industries in 21st century, with diplomatic efforts. International major events is the largest event related events with politics, economy, culture, and such large-scale events should be a comprehensive counterplan in the light of safety check for the location of a hazard and safety check of facilities in and out, attendance on athlete and visitor and escort of VIPs.