• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1627-1637
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• 2012

The coupling reaction between 5-bromo-3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazole and diphenylamine followed by further condensation with a mono-, di- or ter-acetyl aromatic compound in the presence of diphenyl phosphate at $145^{\circ}C$ gave a novel asymmetric diarylquinolines, oligoquinolines with diphenylamine endgroups, and a first generation quinoline dendrimer in 41-82% isolated yield. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the oligoquinolines were characterized by cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and spectroscopy. All the quinolines emit bright sky blue light due to charge transfer from quinoline group to diphenly amine with very high quantum efficiency (> 90%). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated using these quinolines as emitting materials. Among different device architectures explored, OLEDs with a structure of ITO/PEDOT (40 nm)/TAPC (15 nm)/D-A quinoline (40 nm)/TPBI (30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al using TAPC as an electron blocking layer and TPBI as a hole blocking layer gave the best performance. A high external quantum efficiency in the range of 1.2-2.3% were achieved in all the quinolines with the best performance in BBQA(5). Our results indicate diarylamino-substituted oligoquinoline and dendrimer are promising materials for OLEDs applications.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2018

반도체소자의 접합특성에 따라서 분극의 특성이 달라지는 원인을 조사하였다. 반도체소자의 접합특성은 최종적인 반도체소자의 효율과 관련되기 때문에 중요한 요소이며, 효율을 높이기 위해서는 반도체접합 특성을 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 다양한 성질의 접합을 얻기위하여 n형의 실리콘 위에 절연물질인 carbon doped silicon oxide (SiOC) 박막을 증착하였으며, 아르곤 (Ar) 유량에 따라서 반도체기판의 특성이 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. 전도체인 tin doped zinc oxide (ZTO) 박막을 절연체인 SiOC 위에 증착하여 소자의 전도성을 살펴보았다. SiOC 박막의 특성은 플라즈마에 의하여 이온화현상이 일어날 때 Ar 유량에 따라서 이온화되는 경향이 달라지면서 반도체 계면에서의 공핍현상이 달라졌으며, 공핍층 형성이 많이 일어나는 곳에서 쇼키접합 특성이 잘 형성되는 것을 확인하였다. 아르곤 가스의 유량이 많은 경우 이온화 반응이 많이 일어나고 따라서 접합면에서 전자 홀쌍의 재결합반응에 의하여 전하들이 없어지게 되면 절연특성이 좋아지고 공핍층의 전위장벽이 증가되며, 쇼키접합의 형성이 유리해졌다. 쇼키접합이 잘 이루어지는 SiOC 박막에서 ZTO를 증착하였을 때 SiOC와 ZTO 사이의 계면에서 전하들이 재결합되면서 전기적으로 안정된 ZTO 박막을 형성하고, ZTO의 전도성이 증가되었다. 두께가 얇은 반도체소자에서 흐르는 낮은 전류를 감지하기 위해서는 쇼키접합이 이루어져야 하며, 낮은 전류만으로도 전기신호의 품질이 우수해지고 또한 채널층인 ZTO 박막에서의 전류의 발생도 많아지는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.429-429
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• 2016

Organolead halide perovskite have attracted much attention over the past three years as the third generation photovoltaic due to simple fabrication process via solution process and their great photovoltaic properties. Many structures such as mesoporous scaffold, planar heterojunction or 1-D TiO2 or ZnO nanorod array structures have been studied to enhance performances. And the photovoltaic performances and carrier transport properties were studied depending on the cell structures and shape of perovskite film. For example, the perovskite cell based on TiO2/ZnO nanorod electron transport materials showed higher electron mobility than the mesoporous structured semiconductor layer due to 1-D direct pathway for electron transport. However, the reason for enhanced performance was not fully understood whether either the shape of perovskite or the structure of TiO2/ZnO nanorod scaffold play a dominant role. In this regard, for a clear understanding of the shape/structure of perovskite layer, we applied anodized aluminum oxide material which is good candidate as the inactive scaffold that does not influence the charge transport. We fabricated vertical one dimensional (1-D) nanostructured methylammonium lead mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) solar cell by infiltrating perovskite in the pore of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO). AAO template, one of the common nanostructured materials with one dimensional pore and controllable pore diameters, was successfully fabricated by anodizing and widening of the thermally evaporated Al film on the compact TiO2 layer. Using AAO as a scaffold for perovskite, we obtained 1-D shaped perovskite absorber, and over 15% photo conversion efficiency was obtained. I-V measurement, photoluminescence, impedance, and time-limited current collection were performed to determine vertically arrayed 1-D perovskite solar cells shaped in comparison with planar heterojunction and mesoporous alumina structured solar cells. Our findings lead to reveal the influence of the shape of perovskite layer on photoelectrical properties.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

높은 출력의 장점을 가지는 전기이중층 커패시터 (EDLC: electric double layer capacitors)는 이차 전지와 더불어 차세대 에너지 저장장치로서 각광받고 있으나 낮은 에너지 밀도로 인해 그 사용처가 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 EDLC의 에너지 밀도 향상 방법 중의 하나인 고전압화 구현 시 적합한 전해액을 연구하기 위해 AN (acetonitrile)용매에 $SBP-BF_4$ (spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate), $TEA-BF_4$ (tetraethylammonium tetraflouroborate), $EMI-BF_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)의 세가지 염을 각각 선정하여 다양한 전해액의 조성에 따른 전기화학 특성을 비교 평가하였다. LSV (linear sweep voltammetry)측정에서 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN 전해액은 넓은 전위영역에서 안정함을 보였고, 고전압의 환경 (3.0 V 이상)에서 다른 조합의 전해액들과 비교하여 가장 우수한 전기화학적 성능을 보였다. 또한, 장기적으로 안정적인 성능을 유지하기 위해 리튬이온전지시스템에서 기능성 첨가제 효과가 입증된 TMSP (tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite) 첨가제를 적용 했을 때 고전압의 환경 (3.3 V)에서 10,000 cycle 후 93%의 높은 용량 유지율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.392.1-392.1
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• 2016

Nowadays, research interest in developing the wearable devices are growing remarkably. Portable consumer electronic systems are becoming lightweight, flexible and even wearable. In fact, wearable electronics require energy storage device with thin, foldable, stretchable and conformable properties. Accordingly, developing the flexible energy storage devices with desirable abilities has become the main focus of research area. Among various energy storage devices, supercapacitors have been considered as an attractive next generation energy storage device owing to their advantageous properties of high power density, rapid charge-discharge rate, long-cycle life and high safety. The energy being stored in pseudocapacitors is relatively higher compared to the electrochemical double-layer capacitors, which is due to the continuous redox reactions generated in the electrode materials of pseudocapacitors. Generally, transition metal oxides/hydroxide (such as $Co_3O_4$, $Ni(OH)_2$, $NiFe_2O_4$, $MnO_2$, $CoWO_4$, $NiWO_4$, etc.) with controlled nanostructures (NSs) are used as electrode materials to improve energy storage properties in pseudocapacitors. Therefore, different growth methods have been used to synthesize these NSs. Of various growth methods, electrochemical deposition is considered to be a simple and low-cost method to facilely integrate the various NSs on conductive electrodes. Herein, we synthesized amorphous $NiWO_4$ NSs on cost-effective conductive textiles by a facile electrochemical deposition. The as-grown amorphous $NiWO_4$ NSs served as a flexible and efficient electrode for energy storage applications.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2017

We demonstrated a CNT synaptic transistor by integrating 6,6-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) molecules as charge storage molecules in a polyimide(PI) dielectric layer with carbon nanotubes(CNTs) for the transistor channel. Specifically, we fabricated and compared three different kinds of CNT-based synaptic transistors: a control device with $Al_2O_3/PI$, a single PCBM device with $Al_2O_3/PI:PCBM$(0.1 wt%), and a double PCBM device with $Al_2O_3/PI:PCBM$(0.1 wt%)/PI:PCBM(0.05 wt%). Statistically, essential device parameters such as Off and On currents, On/Off ratio, device yield, and long-term retention stability for the three kinds of transistor devices were extracted and compared. Notably, the double PCBM device exhibited the most excellent memory transistor behavior. Pulse response properties with postsynaptic dynamic current were also evaluated. Among all of the testing devices, double PCBM device consumed such low power for stand-by and its peak current ratio was so large that the postsynaptic current was also reliably and repeatedly generated. Postsynaptic hole currents through the CNT channel can be generated by electrons trapped in the PCBM molecules and last for a relatively short time(~ hundreds of msec). Under one certain testing configuration, the electrons trapped in the PCBM can also be preserved in a nonvolatile manner for a long-term period. Its integrated platform with extremely low stand-by power should pave a promising road toward next-generation neuromorphic systems, which would emulate the brain power of 20 W.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.76-76
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• 2011

Polymer-fullerene based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells can be fabricated in large area using low-cost roll-to-roll manufacturing methods. However, because of the low mobility of the BHJ materials, there is competition between the sweep-out of the photogenerated carriers by the built-in potential and recombination within the thin BHJ film [12-15]. Useful film thicknesses are limited by recombination. Thus, there is a need to increase the absorption by the BHJ film without increasing film thickness. Metal nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) which couple strongly to the incident light. In addition, relatively large metallic nanoparticles can reflect and scatter the light and thereby increase the optical path length within the BHJ film. Thus, the addition of metal nanoparticles into BHJ films offers the possibility of enhanced absorption and correspondingly enhanced photo-generation of mobile carriers. In this work, we have demonstrated several positive effects of shape controlled Au and Ag nanoparticles in organic P3HT/PC70BM, PCDTBT/PC70BM, Si-PCPDTBT/PC70BM BHJ-based PV devices. The use of an optimized concentration of Au and Ag nanomaterials in the BHJ film increases Jsc, FF, and the IPCE. These improvements result from a combination of enhanced light absorption caused by the light scattering of the nanomaterials in an active layer. Some of the metals induce the plasmon light concentration at specific wavelength. Moreover, improved charge transport results in low series resistance.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2019

정전 소자는 기계적 에너지를 전기적 에너지로 바꿀 수 있는 소자로, 제작 공정이 간단하고 높은 전기적 출력을 발생시키는 장점이 부각되어 주목받고 있는 소자이다. 정전 소자가 소개된 이례 높은 출력으로 휴대형 전자기기를 충전할 수 있는 시스템이 소개되었으나, 최근 연구에서는 기체 항복과 전계 방출 현상으로 인한 출력의 한계가 보고되고 있다. 이와 같은 한계를 극복하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 금속-금속 표면 간 접촉을 활용하여 정전 소자에 이온 강화 전계 방출 현상과 전자 사태를 유도해 전자가 직접적으로 전극 사이를 흐를 수 있는 정전 소자 설계를 소개한다. 본 정전 소자의 출력은 평균 피크 개로 전압 340 V, 평균 피크 폐회로 전류 10 mA 정도로 측정되었고, 표면 전하 생성층의 표면 전하의 양에 따라 출력이 변화하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 정전 소자는 실효 출력이 약 0.9 mW로, 기존 정전 소자에 비해 2.4배 높은 일률을 보였다. 본 정전 소자는 높은 출력을 통해 배터리, 커패시터 등을 사용하는 휴대형 전자기기 및 센서들을 독립적으로 충전시켜 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.565-569
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• 2016

최근 다엽콜리메이터를 부착한 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선수술의 빈도가 점차 높아지고 있다. 이러한 정교한 방사선 수술은 소조사면 내에 고선량의 방사선이 집중적으로 조사되기 때문에 체계적이고 정확한 정도관리가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 PIB(Particle in Binder) 방식 중 침전법을 이용하여 $400{\mu}m$ 두께의 요오드화납($PbI_2$)과 요오드화수은($HgI_2$) 광도전체 센서 시편를 제작하였다. 제작된 시편의 전기적 특성은 암전류, 출력전류, 응답특성 및 선형성을 평가하였다. 평가 결과, $HgI_2$ 가 우수한 신호발생량과 선형성을 보였다. 끝으로, 두께에 따른 $HgI_2$ 센서의 신호반응 특성 결과, $400{\mu}m$ 두께에서 신호발생효율이 가장 높았고, ${\pm}2.5%$ 이내의 우수한 재현성을 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.189-207
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• 1988

In almost all biologic systems, mechanically induced electric charge separation is a fundamental phenomenon. Since the hypothesis was established that the generation of electric potentials in bone by mechanical stress including muscular force might control the activity in bone by mechanical stress including muscular force might control the activity of osseous cells and their biopolymeric byproduct, the concept of electrically mediate growth mechanism, which involves biological growth and bone remodeling by any means, in living systems has been applied clinically and experimentally to orthopedic fracture repair, the regulation of orthodontic tooth movement, epiphyseal cartilage regeneration, etc. On the other hand, recent numerous research data available show apparently that the mandibular condyle has the characteristics of growth center as well as growth site. In addition, there exists a considerable difference of opinion as to the role of external pterygoid muscle in condylar growth. In view of these evidences, this. experiment was performed to investigate the effect of the galavic current on the growth of the mandible and condyle for elucidating the nature of condylar growth. The bimetallic device was composed of silver and platinum electrode connected with resistor (3.9 Mohm), which was expected to produce galvanic current of 23.6 nA according to the galvanic principle. The 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two group, 2 week group comprising 8 animals exposed to satanic current for 2 weeks and 3 control animals not exposed for 2 weeks, 4 week group comprising 10 animals in experimental group and 4 animals in control group applied for 4 weeks respectively. The experimental rats were subjected to application of the galvanic current invasively to codylar head surface and the control groups with sham electrode. On the basis of anatomic and histologic data from the mandibular condyle of experimental and control group, the following results were obtained. 1. After 2 weeks, there was no increase of mandibular size in experimental group over that of the control group. 2. After 4 weeks, the size of the condylar head was larger in experimental group than that of the control. 3. In 2 week group, the thickness of the mitotic compartment and hypertrophic chondroblastic layer was increased in experimental group. 4. In 4 week group, the number and the size of the hypertrophic chondroblasts were increased significantly on experimental group over that of the control group. 5. The application of the satanic current caused an increase in chondrocytic hypertrophy and intercellular matrix in both groups.