• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.52-71
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• 2019

The quality of school education is a key element for national education development. An important factor that determines the quality of school education is qualities of teachers who are in responsible for school education in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to hire competent teachers in the teacher appointment exam for the secondary school. This necessity is evident especially for vocational high schools and Meister high schools with the introduction of 2015-revised curriculum based on NCS that separates each three subjects, "Electrical, Electronics Communication" resulting in the change of question mechanism, which requires new designing of assessment and content area. So, this study analyzes curriculum in college of education for "Electrical", "Electronics", "Communication", 2015-revised curriculum based on NCS and the development of standards for teacher qualifications and assessment area and evaluation of teaching ability in the subjects of the teacher appointment exam, "Electrical, Electronics Communication" Engineering" in 2009. The assessment area and content elements of "Electrical", "Electronics", "Communication are extracted from the analyzed results and they are verified by experts' consultation and presented as follows; First, the assessment area and content elements of the "Electrical" subject were designed to evaluate the NCS - based 2015 revised curriculum by presenting the NCS learning module to the evaluation area and content element in the basic subject "Electrical and Electronics Practice". Second, the section of "Electronics" presented the assessment area and content elements applying the Electronic Circuit, basic subject of the NCS and it also added "Electromagnetics", which is the basic part of Electronics in the Application of Electromagnetic waves that could be applied to the assessment. Third, the assessment area and content elements of "Communication" consist of the communication-related practice that is based on "Electrical" and "Electronic", considering the characteristics of "Communication Engineering". In particular, "Electrical and Electronics practice" which adds network construction practice and communication-related practice makes it to be able to evaluate the communication-related practical education.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

Due to COVID 19, we are facing unprecedented phenomena. Among various industries, the aviation industry, as it is directly affected by the corona crisis is actively establishing various survival strategies, such as expanding cargo transportation. The market size of air cargo transportation is continuously increasing due to the characteristics that distinguish it from other transportation, and as individualism and selfishness deepen in the aftermath of COVID 19, it can be inferred that the concept of reciprocity within distribution channels will become important in the post-corona era. The specific contents of this study(research question) are as follows. First, as a central member of the air logistics distribution channel, logistics service companies business process and the sub-dimensions of trust of are identified, and how trust is built with transportation companies is investigated. Second, the effect of such trust on the various performances of logistics service companies is analyzed. Third, we examine whether the influences of the sub-dimensions of trust change according to the perceived reciprocity of logistics service companies. In addition, we investigate whether the perceived reciprocity changed before and after the corona situation. In particular, this study theoretically integrates the concepts of trust and commitment, which have been distinguished in many prior studies, to improve the parsimony and practicality of the research model. This study will be able to present useful academic and practical implications by empirically examining how trust is built between members of the air logistics distribution channel and furthermore, how much it affects the performance of logistics service companies, and by identifying the moderating effect of reciprocity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 1994

Background : The two most important purposes of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in lung cancer patients are obtaining tissue diagnosis and staging. The direct sign of lung cancer on FOB includes visible tumor, with smooth or nodular surface, with or without necrosis and infiltration. Variant cell types of lung cancer have their characteristic biological behaviors respectively. For example, squamous cell carcinoma grows slowly, invades locally and has easy necrosis resulting in cavitation, whereas adenocarcinoma shows early metastasis, small cell carcinoma shows rapid growth and higher early metastasis rate. Based on this, it could be hypothesized that each cell type may have characteristic bronchoscopic finding. Method : To answer this question, we reviewed 106 cases which were diagnosed as primary lung cancer and had bronchoscopically visible specific cancerous lesions. Results : The results were as follows. 1) Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 66 cases(62.2%), adenocarcinoma 15 cases(14.2%), large cell carcinoma 3 cases(2.8%). 2) The endobronchial tumor lesion was arbitrarily classified into 5 types according to gross characteristics. Type A, multilobulating mass with necrosis, accounted for 24.5%, type B, multilobulating mass without necrosis, 25.5%, type C, round beefy mass, 9.4%, type D, infiltration with mucosal irregularity, 6.6%, and type E, infiltration without mucosal irregularity, 34%. 3) The analysis of correlation between endobronchial tumor pattern and specific cell type revealed that squamous cell carcinoma had relation with the morphologic type B and small cell carcinoma had relation with the morphologic type E, but adenocarcinoma had no preponderance in morphologic type. The gross appearance had influence on the diagnostic yields of biopsies and the diagnostic yields of lobulating mass types(type A, B) were higher than those of other types. Conclusion : From the above observations, it could be concluded that squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma have relations with specific types of bronchoscopic morphology, but not the case in adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.599-608
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the performance and satisfaction of occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center for health care of the elderly in local communities, and to provide basic data necessary for role establishment by checking occupational therapists' tasks according to the priority. The subjects of this study were occupational therapists in dementia care centers in the Honam area and Gwangju Metropolitan City, who were surveyed via mail and e-mail. The survey had a total of 54 items covering the general characteristics of the therapists and current state of the centers (n=8), performance and satisfaction with the service areas and task content of the centers (n=45), and tasks that were considered important (one short-answer question). It was found that occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center were mainly carrying out the "Dementia Prevention Management Projects", which provided the programs for the patients, and they showed the highest satisfaction. Although the 'MMSE-DS' is occupational therapists' own area with high performance and satisfaction, it was not assigned to the occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center, indicating that the role was insufficient. The tasks related "administrative works and strengthening community capacities" showed low performance and satisfaction, but they are essential for the operation of the Dementia Relief Center and the management of the patients, so the plans to increase the occupational therapists' performance should be established. The categories of projects that occupational therapists consider important were also consistent with those they had to perform. It means the occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center recognized their unique roles. In this context, to establish the role of occupational therapist at the Dementia Relief Center, it is necessary to amend the operating guidelines based on the performance, satisfaction, and priorities of the projects, and to develop the curriculums and programs that can improve the tasks with insufficient performance and low satisfaction.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.43
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• pp.177-206
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• 2015

This paper is written in order to research for the contents and expression of HanYongUn's Sijo. HanYongUn is very famous as monk and independent campaigner, modern poet in Korea. He wrote many kinds of literary works, for example, many modern poetry, modern novels, Sijo, Chino-Korean Poetry etc. It's very exceptional that he wrote a lot of Korean traditional Sijo and Chino-Korean Poetry. Because he was a many modern poet as same as modern novelist. So studying on his Sijo can help someone to understand the essence of HanYongUn's all literature. That's why I'm studying on HanYongUn's Sijo. The firstly, in aspect of the the contents of HanYongUn's Sijo, HanYongUn was expressing three kinds of themes, that is ideology, reality, daily life in his Sijo. The ideology consists of Buddhism and Confucianism and the reality is related with social conditions, the daily life is deeply connected with Nim. These features of his Sijo are different from his modern poetry and Chino-Korean Poetry which had a simple theme, for example, love with Nim, daily life. The secondly, in aspect of the expression of HanYongUn's Sijo, I studied the expression of HanYongUn's Sijo in three angles, that is, vocabulary and the developing of poet thinking, rhetorics. HanYongUn used essential words for expressing three kinds of themes effectively in his Sijo. And he was developing of his poet thinking by three steps in his Sijo. He applied several representative rhetorics to his Sijo, those are question and answer, exclamation, irony, distich etc. Even though I studied the characteristics of HanYongUn's Sijo in two aspects But there could be the other things to study about these kinds of theme. I might continue researching the other kinds of theme next time in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.197-219
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• 2005

This study attempted, in accordance with the National Educational Curriculum, to develop achievement assessment standards for a course within the field of home economics which has been widely adopted by Korean vocational high schools, namely, the food and nutrition subject. Focus was also placed on strengthening the management of the curriculum for this food and nutrition course, as well as on establishing proper assessment standards by developing model assessment tools which can be used to assess the subject. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : First, based on an analysis of the related literature and materials. the desired notion of the achievement and assessment standards was established, and their significance ascertained the achievement and assessment standards for the food and nutrition course were set and the type of model assessment tool which should be developed, as well as the method in which it should be applied. was established Second. by analyzing the curriculums and the contents of the textbooks used in the food and nutrition subject, the researcher was able to compile the 70 factors which could to be used to develop the achievement and assessments standards, and then classify these into 6 main categories and 32 sub-categories. Based on the characteristics of these factors and learners' academic performance levels the number of factors was expanded to 89 in order to establish the achievement standards. In turn, these achievement standards were used, in accordance with the learners' achievement and teaming activity levels, to develop three different levels of assessment standards. namely, upper, middle, and lower ones. Third. a model assessment tool was developed which could be used by individual school units as a reference in terms of achievement and assessment standards, and that could be modified to meet each school's circumstances. In order to create the model assessment tool a 100-question questionnaire was formulated that contained various types of questions, such as essay, report, theoretical and practical, portfolio, as well as multiple choice-type questions. Lastly, the researcher introduced measures to effectively use the achievement and assessment standards developed for the food and nutrition course, as well as the model assessment tool in school units.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objective : This study investigates the impact of the musculoskeletal disorder prevention exercise program designed on the basis of agricultural work posture on the balance ability, Oswestry Disability level, and Psychosocial stress of participants from one rural village in Chungnam area. Method : The exercise program was provided to 21 farmers with musculoskeletal symptoms living in one village in Chungnam area. Such program was performed once a week, 90 minutes per session, for a total of twelve weeks from July 10 to October 11, 2008, and was constructed in a way to increase flexibility and muscular strength, taking agricultural work posture into account. The balance ability, Oswestry Disability Index, and Psychosocial Well-being Index scores were analyzed based on the data of 13 of the farmers who participated in the program for more than eight times and in all of the pre- and post-assessments. Result : Thirteen participants were all women who were 70.55(${\pm}6.78$) years old on average. Most of them were engaged in general dry-filed farming. The parts where they mainly felt the pain were low back(69.2%) and knees(61.5%), and 46.2% responded 'not healthy' to the question on the overall health status. The static balance ability when standing on the right foot significantly increased from the average 9.27(${\pm}5.53$) seconds before intervention to 14.22(${\pm}5.47$) seconds after intervention(p<.05). The Oswestry Disability Index showed a significant change, decreasing from the average 19.84(${\pm}6.89$) seconds to 14.38(${\pm}7.58$) seconds(p<.05). However, there was no change in the Psychosocial Well-being Index. Conclusion : This exercise program that has been conducted for the female farmers who are mainly engaged in the dry-filed farming has contributed to the improvement of their static ability and reduction of their Oswestry Disability Index scores. It is expected that the studies on the effects of the differentiated exercise programs depending on work characteristics will make progress in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.495-505
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of evidence used in gifted elementary students' argumentation. The subjects were 15, 5th and 6th grade students selected in the Science Education Institute for Gifted Youth in K University. After the argumentation task was given to students 2 weeks ago, the students grouped themselves in the affirmative and negative and took part in a debate for 2 hours. Their argumentation process was observed, recorded and transcribed for analysis. Transcribed data was given a Protocol Number according to priority and was examined to find out what were the characteristics when students participated in the task. The evidence used in argumentation was graded from level 1 to level 6 according to Perella's Hierarchy of Evidence and the rate of frequency classified by the level was expressed in graph. Students used Level 1- Level 2 evidence above 50% without for or against task. They had weak argumentation making use of low-level evidence such as individual experience, opinion and another person's experience rather than objective evidences. On the other hand, students commented on the lack of opponent's evidence when they could not trust an opponent's evidence. If one team asked the other to present more evidence but could not, they disregarded the question and turned to another topic. And in cases where the opponent team refuted with evidences of high level, the other team just repeated their claim or evaded the rebuttal. The students tended to complete the argument without the same conclusions with some interruptions. The results show that we need an educational programs including scientific argumentation for science-gifted elementary school students.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.82-100
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• 2022

With the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic and the era of the 4th industrial revolution, archaeological heritage education has entered a new phase. This article responds to the trends in the post-COVID-19 era, seeking ways to develop archaeological heritage education and sustainable strategies necessary in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. The program of archaeological heritage education required in the era of the 4th industrial revolution must cultivate creative talent, solve problems, and improve self-efficacy. It should also draw attention to archaeological heritage maker education. Such maker education should be delivered based on constructivism and be designed by setting specific learning goals in consideration of various age-specific characteristics. Moreover, various ICT-based contents applying VR, AR, cloud, and drone imaging technologies should be developed and expanded, and, above all, ontact digital education(real-time virtual learning) should seek ways to revitalize communities capable of interactive communication in non-face-to-face situations. The development of such ancient heritage content needs to add AI functions that consider learners' interests, learning abilities, and learning purposes while producing various convergent contents from the standpoint of "cultural collage." Online archaeological heritage content education should be delivered following prior learning or with supplementary learning in consideration of motivation or field learning to access the real thing in the future. Ultimately, archaeological ontact education will be delivered using cutting-edge technologies that reflect the current trends. In conjunction with this, continuous efforts are needed for constructive learning that enables discovery and question-exploration.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.113-142
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• 2017

Mamoru Hosoda's (2015) depicts the adventure with which a physically and psychologically isolated boy is growing through a 'Relationship' with surrounding beings. This paper intends to reveal the essence of 'Relationships' and 'True Growth' that the director presents to us. In the film, a boy's adventure is centered on two worlds (the human world and the beast world). Here, the human world refers to a civilized society, and the beast world 'Naturalness' as the inner nature of a human being. The human world and the beast world in the mirror-relationship with the human world were originally a world, and the inside and the outside of the place for all existing things were connected in one. Human beings were never superior to the surrounding beings, but all beings were equal in relationship. The way of thinking in that age is called 'Symmetrical Thinking.' But as human beings opened the road to self-centered civilization, they eliminated 'Nature' inside themselves. As a result, the two worlds (human beings and nature, or the human world and the beast world) were eventually separated. This destroyed not only the human-nature relationship but also the human-to-human relationship, which is one of the characteristics of the civilized society where we currently live. Through the boy's question, "Who am I?", the director suggests to us that the inner nature of a human being as a natural being should be reinstated. This means that a human being restores the "relationship" with all beings (other beings) surrounding himself or herself, which is the only alternative to overcome various violences of the civilized society that we have created. The full growth of a human being is achieved at this point. In this way, offers a reflection on the human civilization and society, and questions the possibility of coexistence with other beings, through cosmic thinking (symmetrical thinking) that we have lost. In this respect, it is a text presented as a 'Model of Maturity' for an immature human society.