• Title/Summary/Keyword: Characteristics of Sub-regions

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A Cost Effective Reference Data Sampling Algorithm Using Fractal Analysis

  • Lee, Byoung-Kil;Eo, Yang-Dam;Jeong, Jae-Joon;Kim, Yong-Il
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2001
  • A random sampling or systematic sampling method is commonly used to assess the accuracy of classification results. In remote sensing, with these sampling methods, much time and tedious work are required to acquire sufficient ground truth data. So, a more effective sampling method that can represent the characteristics of the population is required. In this study, fractal analysis is adopted as an index for reference sampling. The fractal dimensions of the whole study area and the sub-regions are calculated to select sub-regions that have the most similar dimensionality to that of the whole area. Then the whole area's classification accuracy is compared with those of sub-regions, and it is verified that the accuracies of selected sub-regions are similar to that of whole area. A new kind of reference sampling method using the above procedure is proposed. The results show that it is possible to reduce sampling area and sample size, while keeping the same level of accuracy as the existing methods.

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Selective Emitter Formation of Borosilicate-Glass (BSG) Layer using UV Laser (UV Laser를 이용한 Borosilicate-Glass (BSG)층의 선택적 에미터 형성)

  • Kim, Ga Min;Chang, Hyo Sik
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.727-731
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we have investigated a selective emitter using a UV laser on BBr3 diffusion doping layer. The selective emitter has two regions of high and low doping concentration alternatively and this structure can remove the disadvantages of homogeneous emitter doping. The selective emitters were fabricated by using UV laser of 355 nm on the homogeneous emitters which were formed on n-type Si by BBr3 diffusion in the furnace and the heavy boron doping regions were formed on the laser regions. In the optimized laser doping process, we are able to achieve a highly concentrated emitter with a surface resistance of up to 43 Ω/□ from 105 ± 6 Ω/□ borosilicate glass (BSG) layer on Si. In order to compare the characteristics and confirm the passivation effect, the annealing is performed after Al2O3 deposition using an ALD. After the annealing, the selective emitter shows a better effect than the high concentration doped emitter and a level equivalent to that of the low concentration doped emitter.

A Study on Characteristics of Determining Factor of Rental Price of Apartment by Sub-regions in Seoul (서울시 아파트 전세가격 결정요인의 권역별 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Seok-Ju;Lee, Joo-Hyung
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to find the determining factors for apartment rental prices by using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. In the process, differences among the groups and multicollinearity and correlation between the variables are examined using analysis of variance(ANOVA), correlation analysis and factor analysis. The comprehensive analysis of reliability of the variable and comprehensivization ensure objectivity. For this analysis, the characteristics of the determining factors for apartment rental prices by sub-regions in Seoul are as follows : First, the housing supply rate appears center of the central and the southwest region is influenced by the cultural and ecological environment, convenience, the size of the complex and reputation of the developer. Second, the northeast region is generally influenced by the regional economy, housing size, the density of the complex, well-known construction companies and relevant variables of individual housing and the density of the complex, physical and social environment, reputation of the developer, local economy and housing size. Lastly, the southeast region appears to be influenced by the local economy, the density of the complex, housing size and the educational environment.

Study of Scientific Comparison for the Characteristics of Black Ware Excavated from White Porcelain Kiln of Yongyeon-ri, Damyang and those of Other Regions

  • Choi, Jae Won;Han, Min Su
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.331-343
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the material characteristics of black wares excavated from Yongyeon-ri, Damyang and to clarify the correlation of the factors that develop black coulor compared with black wares excavated from other regions. As a results of absorption rate, colour coordinate, compositional mineral, section analysis and contents showed high correlation between the kilns and the waste dumplings, indicating that they were made using the same materials. Second, comparing the microtextures and contents of the glaze layer with the excavated sherds from other kilns, a characteristic coagulation phenomena of iron oxides were not observed in Yongyeon-ri and Gilmyeong-ri, and it was considered that the material, mixing ratio, and firing environment were different from those of Bonggok-dong. In addition, statistical analysis using the major components revealed that the bodies of Yongyeon-ri were highly correlated with those of Bonggok-dong, which is nearest to the region, and similar to Gilmyeong-ri in the glaze layer. The characteristics of colorant were different depending on Fe2O3 content and K2O content also contributed to the classification of the composition of each excavated kiln. Conclusionally, it can be seen from the scientific analysis that the colour of black wares excluded from different regions is materially different from that of iron oxide, the coloring condition, and the firing environment.

Regional Categorization of Gyeonggi Province for Fine Dust Management (경기도 지역 미세먼지 관리를 위한 권역 범주화 연구)

  • Lee, Su-Min;Lee, Tae-Jung;Oh, Jongmin;Kim, Sang-Cheol;Jo, Young-Min
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.237-246
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    • 2021
  • The similarity of hourly PM10 and PM2.5 concentration profiles of the atmospheric monitoring stations in Gyeonggi-do was evaluated through the multilateral analysis between stations. The existing category for most stations in the regions shows relatively low Pearson correlation values of 0.68 and 0.7 for PM10 and PM2.5 on average respectively, and some monitoring stations revealed high relationships over 0.8 to other regions. Since the current regions are mainly categorized by cluster analysis based on the number of occurrence of high concentration events and geological factors, it is necessary to reclassify them by concentration characteristics for precise fine dust management. In accordance, multi-dimensional scaling being able to visualize could categorize the regions based on regional emission contribution rate and hourly fine dust concentration. As a result of the current analysis, PM10 and PM2.5 could be reclassified into five regions and fourregions, respectively.

Studies on Nusselt and Sherwood number for diffusion-advective convection during physical vapor transport of Hg2Br2

  • Kim, Geug Tae;Kwon, Moo Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2021
  • This paper is dedicated to numerical simulation for diffusion-advective convection in a square cavity during physical vapor transport of Hg2Br2. Flow characteristics of the temperature difference between the source and crystal regions, 50℃ (300℃ → 250℃), partial pressures of component argon of 20 Torr and 100 Torr are investigated and presented as velocity vectors and streamlines, isotherms and iso-mass concentrations contours. Moreover, alterations of average Nusselt and average Sherwood numbers with (a) the source and crystal regions, (b) the pressures of component argon of 20 Torr and 100 Torr are analyzed and addressed in details. Both average Nusselt and average Sherwood numbers are seen to decrease with the increasing values of the partial pressures of component argon. Also, it is found that for the two different partial pressures of component argon, average Nusselt numbers at the source region are greater than at the crystal region, and inversely, average Sherwood numbers at the crystal region are greater than the source region by a factor of 3.

Characteristics of p-Cu2O/n-Si Heterojunction Photodiode made by Rapid Thermal Oxidation

  • Ismail, Raid A.
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.51-54
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    • 2009
  • Transparent Cuprous oxide film was deposited by rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) of Cu at $500^{\circ}C$/45s condition on textured single-crystal n-Si substrate to form $Cu_2O$/n-Si heterojunction photodiode. The Hall effect measurements for the $Cu_2O$ films showed a p-type conductivity. The photovoltaic and electrical properties of the junction at room temperature were investigated without any post-deposition annealing. I-V characteristics revealed that the junction has good rectifying properties. The C-V data showed abrupt junction and a built-in potential of 1 V. The photodiode showed good stability and high responsivity in the visible at three regions; 525 nm, 625-700 nm, and 750nm denoted as regions A, B, and C, respectively.

Analysis of Land Conversion Characteristics in Process of Farmland Loss and Urbanization by Distance from Center of City Using Detailed Digital Land Use - With Representative Big Cities and Their Fringe Areas in Japan - (정밀수치정보를 이용한 도시중심에서 거리별 농지손실 및 도시화과정의 토지전용 특성 분석 - 일본의 대표적 도시주변지역을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Dae-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.9 no.1 s.18
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    • pp.65-75
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    • 2003
  • As a pre-step research to make land-use planning in the region level, this study aims to analyze some probability pattern representing transition probabilities from farmland to others using the sequential detailed digital land-use maps. Kinki and Chubu regions of Japan, which have Osaka and Nagoya cities as their center places respectively, were selected as test regions in this study. The 10m grid land-use maps for four time series at every 5 year from 1977 to 1992 were used. In this study, the regions were divided into three sub-areas 10km, 20km, and 30km according to distance from center cities, respectively. The correlation coefficient (CC) between sub-areas with same distance in the two regions was calculated to analyze whether or not the two regions have common points in the pattern of land-use conversion probability from farmland to other types. The probability distribution of the converted areas which were moved to the urbanized area (residential, commercial, industrial, road, park and public facility areas) was about $40{\sim}70%$ for both all periods and sub-areas. According to distance from city centers, the probability moved to the urbanized area was about 60% at 10km area, and 40% at the 30km area, which means that the values we decreased gradually, while in the case moved to the forest and the etc areas, the values were increased slightly. The CC analysis from the paddy field and the dry field to the others separately showed that there is high correlation in the probability pattern between the two regions.

Identification of genomic diversity and selection signatures in Luxi cattle using whole-genome sequencing data

  • Mingyue Hu;Lulu Shi;Wenfeng Yi;Feng Li;Shouqing Yan
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.461-470
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    • 2024
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and whole-genome selection signatures of Luxi cattle to reveal its genomic characteristics in terms of meat and carcass traits, skeletal muscle development, body size, and other traits. Methods: To further analyze the genomic characteristics of Luxi cattle, this study sequenced the whole-genome of 16 individuals from the core conservation farm in Shandong region, and collected 174 published genomes of cattle for conjoint analysis. Furthermore, three different statistics (pi, Fst, and XP-EHH) were used to detect potential positive selection signatures related to selection in Luxi cattle. Moreover, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the potential biological function of candidate genes harbored in selected regions. Results: The results showed that Luxi cattle had high genomic diversity and low inbreeding levels. Using three complementary methods (pi, Fst, and XP-EHH) to detect the signatures of selection in the Luxi cattle genome, there were 2,941, 2,221 and 1,304 potentially selected genes identified, respectively. Furthermore, there were 45 genes annotated in common overlapping genomic regions covered 0.723 Mb, including PLAG1 zinc finger (PLAG1), dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3), ephrin A2 (EFNA2), DAZ associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), Ral GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit alpha 1 (RALGAPA1), mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13), and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), most of which were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth and differentiation and immunity. Conclusion: In this study, we provided a series of genes associated with important economic traits were found in positive selection regions, and a scientific basis for the scientific conservation and genetic improvement of Luxi cattle.

A Cost Effective Reference Data Sampling Algorithm Using Fractal Analysis (프랙탈 분석을 통한 비용효과적인 기준 자료추출알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • 김창재
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.171-182
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    • 2000
  • Random sampling or systematic sampling method is commonly used to assess the accuracy of classification results. In remote sensing, with these sampling method, much time and tedious works are required to acquire sufficient ground truth data. So , a more effective sampling method that can retain the characteristics of the population is required. In this study, fractal analysis is adopted as an index for reference sampling . The fractal dimensions of the whole study area and the sub-regions are calculated to choose sub-regions that have the most similar dimensionality to that of whole-area. Then the whole -area s classification accuracy is compared to those of sub-regions, respectively, and it is verified that the accuracies of selected sub regions are similar to that of full-area . Using the above procedure, a new kind of reference sampling method is proposed. The result shows that it is possible to reduced sampling area and sample size keeping up the same results as existing methods in accuracy tests. Thus, the proposed method is proved cost-effective for reference data sampling.

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