• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.62-82
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to assess the cause and level of conflict arising within and between departments among administration office workers who work in a recently established tertiary hospitals of a major cooperation or related non-profit cooperation: The study also aimed to find methods for resolution of such conflicts by comparing with other existing university hospitals. The subject population included 299 business administration office workers randomly selected from two cooperate related tertiary hospitals of less than 3 years in its existence and two university hospitals over 700 beds in Seoul and Kyong In area. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire. To define related factors for the level of conflict among departments in each hospitals multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Independent factors were characteristics of subjects, conflicting factors within and between the departments. The results are as follows: 1. Those in the 30-39 rears of age group demonstrated significantly higher level of conflict between departments. Those working in the new hospitals, who were older and had long-term tenure, and those with short-term job experience at current working hospital had higher level of conflict between the departments with statistical significance. 2. Concerning the involvement of conflicting factors and the level of conflict in the administration there was statistically significant positive correlation between reliability and job-related intra- and interdepartmental level of conflict in existing hospitals. There was a significant positive correlation between intradepartmental conflicting factors of mutual dependence, difference in goal/orientation and intra- and interdepartmental level of conflict. 3. In multivariate regression analysis, women more than men, and those who had worked for many years in hospitals had statistically significant influence on factors involved in interdepartmental level of conflict, explaining 51.0% of the model. 4. In existing hospitals, gender was a significant factor with women showing a higher level of interdepartmental conflict compared to men. Among the interdepartmental factors, mutual dependence had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the new hospitals, job position was a significant factor which showed that those in high position such as section chief or above, compared to those in managerial or general position had higher level of conflict. Among the interdepartmental characteristics, factors of mutual dependence and goal/orientation had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the new hospital setting efforts to reduce conflict in areas among workers with high position, old age, and long tenure and those in Purchasing, Material and Computer Department should be made and prudent management and planning for improved manpower and increased budget or efficient allocation and clear definition of job description are necessary to adequately assess and make improved efforts for rapid stabilization of the premature hospital system from its inception, In the existing hospitals a lack of conflict within and between departments may give rise to stagnation or inefficiency of the organization. Future study are needed with respect to the relationship between interdepartmental level of conflict and the effectiveness of the hospital organization for improved resolution of conflict in the organization and hospital management.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.66-74
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the characteristics and prognosis of acute poisoning patients visiting nationwide emergency departments before and after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were obtained from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS). Methods: This nationwide retrospective observational study included acute poisoning patients who visited the emergency departments between February 1 to December 31, 2020, which has been determined as the pandemic period. The same periods in 2018 and 2019 were designated as the control periods. The primary outcome assessed was the length of stay in emergency departments (EDLOS). The secondary outcomes examined were intensive care unit admission rate and in-hospital mortality rate before and after the pandemic. A subgroup analysis was performed for inpatients and intentional poisoning patients. Results: A total of 163,560 patients were included in the study. During the pandemic, the proportion of women increased from 50.0% in 2018 and 50.3% in 2019 to 52.5% in 2020. Patients aged 20-29 years increased from 13.4% in 2018 and 13.9% in 2019 to 16.6% in 2020. A rise in cases of intentional poisoning was also noted - from 33.9% in 2018 and 34.0% in 2019 to 38.4% in 2020. Evaluating the hospitalized poisoned patients revealed that the EDLOS increased from 3.8 hours in 2018 and 3.7 hours in 2019 to 4.2 hours in 2020. ICU admissions were also markedly increased (2018, 48.2%; 2019, 51.8%; 2020, 53.2%) among hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of acute poisoning patients visiting nationwide emergency departments in Korea. The proportion of young adults, women, and intentional poisoning patients has increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Prolonged length of stay at the emergency department and an increased rate of intensive care unit admissions were determined in hospitalized acute poisoning patients.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.91-103
• /
• 2000

This study was performed to find out characteristics of daily average medical charge of the inpatients of an oriental medical university hospital in TaeJeon. The sample of the study was 966 inpatients discharged from the 4 clinical departments of th hospital from January 1 to June 31, 1998. The major findings are as follows : 1. The average length of stay was 15.6 days in dept. of Internal Medicine, 16.9 in Acupuncture, 10.1 in Neuro-psychiatry and 24.3 in Physical therapy Daily average medical charge of the depart ments was 70,517 Won 62,011 Won, 82,750Won and 65,390 Won respectively. 2. The daily average medical charge of the departments was highest in the first day of admission. From the second day, it maintained a lower and relatively constant level, but showing slight fluctation in the latter halt of the hospital stay.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.397-416
• /
• 1993

This study identified the relationships between the hospital’s organizational pattern for nursing, the organizational characteristics perceived by nurses and their job satisfaction. The study subjects were a convenience sample of 383 staff nurses working at 10 general hospitals with more than 300 beds in Seoul. Hospitals included in the study were classified Into five organizational patterns, where nursing was organized as an independent but lower level, attached to the medical department, attached to a department supporting medicine, and various other organizational pattern. The data were collected from July 10 to August 15, 1992. The organizational characteristics as perceived by the staff nurses were measured by Park & Yoon’s Scale (1986) and job satisfaction was measured by Slavitt’s Scale (1978). The data were analyzed by percentage distribution, Pearson’s correlation, x$^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA The summarized results are as follows : 1. The proportion of independent and attached nursing organizational patterns was 35.1％ and 54.9％ respectively. 2. There were differences between four general characteristics of the nurses, age, experience, position and education level, and the five structural types of nursing organization(p〈.05). 3. 1) There were no relationship between the perceived organizational characteristics and general characteristics of the nurses but there was a differ once in job satisfaction according to education level of nurses in hopitals where nursing was an independent department(T=-2.24, p〈.05). 2) There were differences in the perceived organizational characteristics according to age group and experience of nurses (F=3.26, 5.41, p〈 , 05)and in job satisfaction according to the position of nurses in the independent but lower level organizational pattern (T=2.26, p〈.05). 3) There was a difference in the perceived organizational characteristics according to age group (F=3.19, p〈 .05) and in job satisfaction according to the experience of nurses where nursing was attached to the medical department (F=3.49, p〈.05). 4) There was a difference in the perceived organizational characteristics according to nursing unit (F=3.19, p〈 .05), but none between job satis-faction and general characteristics of nurses where nursing was attached to a departiment supporting medicine. 5) There were no relationships between the perceived organizational characteristics and job sat isfaction and general characteristics of nurses in the various other organizational patterns. 4. Nurses in hospitals where nursing is organizationed as an independent department perceived their organizatianal pattern more positively and had higher job satisfaction than nurses working in hospitals where nursing is part of another department. 5. There were differences between perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction according to the organizational patterns for nursing (F=13.52, 8.76, p=.0000). 6. There were correlations between the perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction of nurses working in two independent nursing departments (r=0.2180, 2351, p〈.05). In conclusion, the relationship between perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction was significantly correlated in the hospitals where the nursing department is independent. Perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction depended on whether the nursing department is independent from or attached to other departments in the hospital. For nurses job satisfaction the nursing department should be independent from other departments and at the highest level of organization in the hospital.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국실내디자인학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2003

Today the trend of department Is increasing stores to satisfy consumers to enjoy shopping comfortably and purchase desire. Specially, high stores focus on the sale environment improvement for consumers's pattern such as different corporate images, new life style and value system. However, nowadays Internet shopping mall is generalized, so consumer can purchase high brad more comfortably. Therefore, department store have to show high brand image through new interior production in departments. Specially, the importance of department store's facade is realized to link of company sales promotion of stores. Because the purpose of department store is sale, so the role of facade display is very important. Specially, facade in department stores contains many various concepts connotative logics, so this is more important than other space. Facade shows product images and connects consumer's purchase desire. Therefore the purpose of this study to find out the characteristics of high stores in departments and to help facade design of department stores.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.64-87
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is aimed to grasp the factors, which may influence the harmonized organizational efficiency of the objects of hospital structure as well as its structural constituents of each departments of administration, nursing, and para-medical personnels, in order to provide basic data enable to contribute in the development of hospital. The survey data involved in the study was derived from 385 personnels working in 5 medium and small sized hospitals in Seoul area. The main finding of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the general characteristics of subjects in order of male, over 30 years of age, university graduates, long-term tenure and high position is higher, whereas, in as much as wage and well trained personnels in administration departments are higher, its organizational efficiency is higher in comparison with those of nursing and para-medical departments. 2. The organizational efficiency in accordance with satisfaction and the motive contributional factors is higher as much as the high satisfactory level in every departments in general. 3. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of job characteristics is higher in as much as difficulty of the jobs is lesser, however there was not statically significance between administration and para-medical departments. In as much as the job circulation is intact, job standard level is higher and the more job responsibility the higher organizational efficiency, while the more workload and the more work feud resulted lower organizational efficiency. It was obvious that the higher professional expertise as well as the training and application level are improving the organizational efficiency. 4. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of structural characteristics was higher in as much as the intercommunication was smooth and the structural formalization level are higher, however there was not statically significance between the participation level of decision making and the organizational efficiency. 5. In as much as higher educational level of over university graduates, management of organization and the job level are satisfied, the psychological motive contributional level is higher, while the lesser job difficulty, the smooth job performance, the higher level of professional expertise, the higher structural formalization level, the smooth intercommunication, have affected as major influence factors of the structural characteristics of organizational efficiency. 6. As the management of hospital organization, the job level and personal relation are satisfied or psychological motive is provided, especially when there are no difficult jobs or smooth job circulation and no job feud are prevailing, it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is improving accordingly. The nursing departments has high educational standard and is satisfied in the management and job level of hospital organization as there are no difficult jobs while the level of hospital's organizational formality is high and the intercommunication is smooth, which are improving the organizational efficiency. The para-medical departments is also satisfied the management and job level of hospital organization and it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is higher in as much as the level of job standardization is high and the intercommunication is smooth. As a result of this study, in order for improving the organizational efficiency of the medium and small sized hospitals, the management and job level as well as personal relation are preferably satisfied, whereas the level of job circulation, job responsibility, the expertise and formalization of organization, intercommunication and etc. should be satisfied, and, therefore, it is advisable to buildup discriminated organizational management and environment for different division on the basis above factors. Since this study is carried on several hospitals in Seoul area, there is a certain limit to generalize its result to all domestic hospitals, nevertheless the gallop poll was made by developing the questionnaires with reasonability and reliability. Especially, as the study was carried by analyzing the comparison of influence factors' difference of organizational efficiency in accordance with the divisional characteristics of the medium and small sized hospitals.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.138-142
• /
• 2007

Background: Depression is a frequent comorbid disease of chronic pain patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of depression and to correlate associated factors and depression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: The data of this survey was collected from 97 patients that visited our pain clinic for the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. Depression was examined by a self-reported survey using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the life satisfaction scale score were also obtained. Demographic and clinical characteristics (including spouse status, employment status, smoking status, the number of patients with multiple painful areas, the number of patients with combined disease, pain duration, visual analogue scale, Roland 5-point scale and walking distance) were obtained from an interview with the patient. The patients were divided into group N ($BDI{\leq}14$, n = 43) and group 0 (BDI > 14, n = 54) according to the BDI scale. Of the 97 patients, 55,7% had a high BDI score. Results: The patients in group N had a higher rate of employment (48.0%, P < 0.05) and had higher life satisfaction scale scores ($9.4{\pm}2.5$, P < 0.01) as compared to group D patients. The BDI score showed a close correlation with employment status and the life satisfaction scale. Conclusions: Many lumbar spinal stenosis patients had high BDI scores. Employment status and the life satisfaction scale were closely correlated with the BDI score.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.126-130
• /
• 2004

Purpose: A Krukenberg tumor is an ovarian tumor of a signet-ring cell type. This tumor arises more commonly in young women, and the prognosis is poor. The primary focus of this tumor is often found at gastrointestinal malignancy, especially gastric cancer. We tried to identify the clinical characteristics of this tumor, and in that regard, this report might be helpful. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the 61 patients with Krukenberg tumors, who had been diagnosed at our hospital from 1994 to 2002, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical features. Results: The age distribution ranged from 15 to 59 years, and the mean age was 41 years. The most common symptom was a lower abdominal mass ($46\%$). Fourty-two cases ($77\%$) showed bilateral ovarian involvement, and the size of this tumor was variable, but in 24 cases ($4\%$) the size was $5\∼10$ cm for the largest diameter. Among 54 cases, 40 cases had ascites, and the volume of ascites was variable. The median survival of the 61 patients was 10 months, and Krukenberg tumor developed 19.7 months after the primary operation. The median survival durations of recurrence patterns were 20 months for the Krukenberg tumor alone, and 7 months for the Krukenberg tumor with peritoneal seeding. Conclusion: In young women treated with a gastrectomy, especially one for an advanced tumor, closed observation with abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography to detect a Krukenberg tumor is recommended. The patient with a Krukenberg tumor alone has a better prognosis than one with a Krukenberg tumor combined peritoneal seeding. We will have to consider more progressive treatment for the patient with a Krukenberg tumor alone.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.449-463
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between emotional labor and occupational stress of the dental hygienists, and the effects of emotional labor on their occupational stress and health problems including depression, anxiety and sleep. Methods: The survey was conducted using the questionnaires about dental hygienists' working in medical institutions in Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do from August 19th and October 7th, 2016. Total of 225 participants were selected for data analyses. Frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS Windows ver. 21.0 program(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL. USA). Results: The analysis of the factors affecting emotional labor, occupational stress, anxiety, and sleep by participants' characteristics showed that those with higher education level, work position and annual salary had higher emotional labor. In addition, participants who worked 5 days every other week and were responsible for patient consultation had higher emotional labor. The analysis of correlations among emotional labor occupational stress, anxiety, and sleep showed positive correlations between emotional experience and emotional expression, occupational stress and emotional expression, and anxiety and emotional expression. On the other hand, negative correlation was found between anxiety and emotional experience. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect of emotional labor on job stress. Emotional labor was a factor affecting job stress and anxiety. Conclusions: In order to improve emotional control and vulnerability to stress among dental hygienists, intra-organizational training opportunities and mental health care strategies are needed. Additional broad-based studies are required to identify the factors affecting the occupational stress and emotional labor and to develop relevant intervention measures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.605-610
• /
• 2006

The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of slaughtering at different ages and the use of a commercial probiotic (115-Biogallinox) in broiler diets on the color properties of carcasses, during the first 24 h following slaughter. Ross 308 male broiler chickens obtained from a commercial hatchery were raised to either 35 or 42 days of age. Chickens were fed with different levels of probiotic ($P_0$: 0.0%, $P_1$: 0.1% and $P_2$: 0.2%) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the experimental period. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered and then stored at $3^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The pH and skin colour of carcasses were determined 1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 24 h after slaughter. Although the use of probiotic and post-mortem ageing time affected the pH (p<0.01), it was not affected by slaughter age (35 and 42 days) (p>0.05). The highest pH values occurred in carcasses of broilers fed 0.2% probiotic. The pH values of carcasses decreased with post-mortem ageing time (p<0.01). Main factors (treatment, slaughter age and post-mortem ageing time) had an effect on colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) values (p<0.01). $L^*$ values of 42d-old slaughter and $P_2$ group were lower than those of 35d-old slaughter and other probiotic groups. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of 35d-old slaughter were lower than those of 42d-old slauhgter. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased during post-mortem ageing (p<0.01). It was determined that changing of the colour traits of broiler carcasses was correlated with probiotic, pH and post-mortem ageing time. Also, it was observed that darkness of carcass colour increased as time progressed.