• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2016

The usefulness of Gel Bolus phantom was investigated by comparing the temperature distribution characteristic of the agar phantom produced to investigate the dose distribution characteristic of radiofrequency hyperthermia device with that of the Gel Bolus phantom under conditions similar to those of an agar phantom that can continuously carry out temperature measurement. The temperatures of the agar phantom and the Gel Bolus phantom were raised to $36.5{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and a temperature sensing was inserted at depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm from the phantom central axis. The temperature increase rate and the coefficient of determination were analyzed while applying output powers of 100 W and 150 W, respectively, at intervals of 1 min for 60 min under conditions where the indoor temperature was in the range $24.5{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$, humidity was 35~40%, internal cooling temperature of the electrode was $20^{\circ}C$, size of the upper electrode was 250 mm, and the size of the lower electrode was 250 mm. The coefficients of determination of 150 W output power at the depth point of 5 cm from the central axis of the phantom were analyzed to be 0.9946 and 0.9926 in the agar and Gel Bolus phantoms, respectively; moreover, the temperature change equation of the agar and Gel Bolus phantoms with time can be expressed as follows in the state the phantom temperature is raised to $36^{\circ}C:Y(G)$ is equation of Gel Bolus phantoms (in 5 cm depth) applying output power of 150 W. Y(G)=0.157X+36. It can be seen that if the temperature is measured in this case, the Gel Bolus phantom value can be converted to the measured value of the agar phantom. As a result of comparing the temperature distribution characteristics of the agar phantom of a human-body-equivalent material with those of the Gel Bolus phantom that can be continuously used, the usefulness of Gel Bolus phantom was exhibited.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

목 적 : 소아청소년과에 입원하는 흔한 원인 질병을 조사하여, 기간별 연령군별 질병의 분포를 확인하고 그 역학적 변화를 추정하기 위하여 본 연구를 계획하였다. 방 법: 1997년부터 2008년까지 소아청소년과 입원환자를 대상으로, 인구학적 특징, 입원일, 질병코드(ICD-10)를 조사하였다. 연구 기간은 전반기(1997-2002)와 후반기(2003-2008)로 양분하였고, 연령은 영아기, 유아기, 학령기 및 청소년기, 4군으로 구분하여 다빈도 질병을 비교하였다. 결 과: 12년간 입원 환자수는 총 33,513명이었다. 다빈도 질병은 폐렴(J12-J18; 21.2%), 장염(A00-A09; 17.8%), 모세기관지염(J21; 11.9%) 등 순이었고, 1-10위 다빈도 질병은 전체의 79.1%를 차지하였다. 기간별 비교에서 호흡기 감염질환(모세기관지염, 중이염, 부비동염)과 림프절 종대, 농가진/봉와직염으로 입원한 환자수는 증가하였고 무균 수막염, 장중첩증, 홍역, 신증후군/신염으로 입원한 환자수는 감소하였다. 연령군별로 다빈도 질병의 분포에 차이를 보이기도 하여서 질병에 따른 호발 연령군을 확인하였다. 결 론:다빈도 질병은 기간별 연령군별로 차이를 보였다. 이러한 역학적 변화는 소아청소년과의 진료계획 수립에 반영되어야 할 것이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.646-652
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the acute effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on the pre-fatigue, fatigue and post-fatigue contractile characteristics and tension-frequency relationships of isolated rat diaphragm muscle. Muscle strips were taken from the ventral-costal aspects of the diaphragm muscle of rats killed by decapitation. The muscle strips were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution, with a gas mixture of 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.35-7.45. After determining the thermoregulation and optimum muscle length the muscles were subjected to direct supramaximal stimulation with 0.05 Hz frequency square pulses for periods of 0.5 msec to obtain control values. After adding $5{\times}10^{-6}{\;}and{\;}5{\times}10^{-5}$ M trimetazidine solution to the respective bath media, the contractile parameters of the muscles were recorded. The contractile parameters were also recorded for both the trimetazidine and tri-metazidine-free media after application of the high frequency fatigue protocols. Later, the tension-frequency relationship was determined by applying stimulating pulses of 10, 20, 50 and 100 Hz to the muscle strips. Whilst the twitch tension obtained from the $5{\times}10^{-6}{\;}and{\;}5{\times}10^{-5}$ M trimetazidine media showed numerical increases compared to that of the controls, these were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The contraction time exhibited a dose dependent increase (p<0.001), whilst the contraction and relaxation rates did not differ significantly. The isometric contraction forces obtained with the different stimulating frequencies showed a significant increase in the tetanic contraction only at 100 Hz (p<0.05). A comparison of the pre- and post-fatigue twitch tensions in the trimetazidine media showed the post- fatigue twitch tensions to be significantly higher than those of the pre-fatigue contraction forces (p<0.05). In the $5{\times}10^{-6}{\;}and{\;}5{\times}10^{-5}$ M trimetazidine media the increases in the post-fatigue contraction force were 22 and 30%, respectively. These results demonstrated that in isolated rat diaphragm muscle, TMZ significantly limited the mechanical performance decrease during fatigue. It is our opinion that trimetazidine contributed to the observed fatigue tolerance by eliminating the factors of fatigue, due to preservation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, provision of the ATP energy levels needed by ATPase dependent pumps and especially by keeping the intracellular pH within cer-tain limits.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2019

Objective : Penumbra ACE68 reperfusion catheter is a new large bore aspiration catheter used for reperfusion of large vessel occlusion. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this catheter in comparison to that of previous Penumbra catheters in patients with acute ischemic stroke related to internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Methods : Data of all eligible patients who received endovascular treatment (EVT) for ICA occlusion using Penumbra aspiration catheters between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. After dividing into two groups according to use of penumbra ACE68, baseline characteristics of patients, successful recanalization rate, puncture to recanalization time, and switch to stent base technique rate were assessed. Successful recanalization was defined by a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score ${\geq}2b$ and favorable functional outcome was defined according to modified Rankin scale (score, 0-2). Results : ACE68 reperfusion catheter was used in 29 of 75 eligible patients (39%). The puncture to recanalization time was significantly shorter ($26{\pm}18.2$ minutes vs. $40{\pm}24.9$ minutes, p=0.011) and the rate of switch to stent-based retrieval was significantly lower (3% vs. 20%, p=0.046) in ACE68 catheter group. Moreover, although not statistically significant, the successful recanalization rate was higher (83% vs. 76%, p=0.492) in ACE68 catheter group. Favorable functional outcome was observed in 48% of patients treated with ACE68 reperfusion catheter and in 30% of patients treated using other Penumbra systems (p=0.120). Baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores ${\geq}8$ (odds ratio [OR], 9.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-54.99; p=0.010) and successful recanalization (OR, 10.20; 95% CI, 1.13-92.46; p=0.039) were independent predictors of favorable outcome. Conclusion : EVT using ACE68 reperfusion catheter can be considered a first-line therapy in patients with acute ICA occlusion as it can achieve rapid recanalization and reduce the frequency of conversion to stent-retrieve therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2005

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 자궁경부암 환자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 치료관련요인과 심리사회적 요인을 파악하기 위함이다. 대상 및 방법: 경기도 A 대학병원에서 자궁경부암 진단을 받고 치료 중이거나 추후관리 중인 환자 147명을 대상으로 삶의 질과 심리사회적 변수(기분장애, 삶의 성향, 사회적 지지)에 대해 설문조사하였다. 그리고 치료관련 변수로 암의 병기, 치료방법, 추후관리기간은 의무기록을 통해 조사하였고 증상 경험은 설문조사하였다. 결과: 치료관련 변수들과 심리사회적 변수들은 자궁경부암 환자의 전체 삶의 질의 63.3%를 설명하였다($R^2=0.533$, F=16.969, p=.000). 암의 병기, 증상 경험, 기분장애정도, 사회적지지 중 가족지지, 그리고 삶의 성향은 자궁경부암 환자의 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 유의한 요인이었으며 이 중 가족지지가 가장 영향력이 큰 변수였다. 결론: 자궁경부암 환자의 삶의 질을 증진시키기 위해서는 환자의 증상관리 뿐만 아니라 심리사회적 중재가 치료와 함께 병행되어야 하며 그 내용으로 기분조절, 사회적 지지, 삶에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 취하는 것이 포함되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2013

인구의 감소로 대학 입학생들이 줄어듦으로써 입학생 모집을 위해서 각 대학들은 나름대로의 대책을 강구하고 있고, 교육과학기술부에서는 몇몇의 지표들을 적용하여 대학평가를 하여 대학구조 조정을 실시하고 있다. 평가지표 중에 하나인 '충원률'의 지표를 높이기 위한 방법으로 대부분의 대학에서는 학과들 간의 전과 (전출과 전입)의 폭을 넓혀 대학 내에서 학과 간에 학생들의 전과를 허용하고 있다. 이러한 전입과 전출문제는 성적이 낮은 학과로 입학하여 성적이 높은 학과로 이동하는 현상을 낳아 학과로 입학생을 모집하고 있는 현재의 학사 운영상에 잘못된 결과를 낳을 수 있다. 또한 전과율을 높이는 문제는 대학을 운영하는 입장에서는 학생들의 손실은 없지만 전출이 많은 학과의 입장은 학생의 부족현상으로 매우 어려운 처지에 놓일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 D대학교의 사례를 중심으로 일반적인 통계분석과 사회연결망분석을 통하여 전과의 특성을 분석한다. 분석결과, 이공계열에서 인문사회계열로, 입학성적이 낮은 학과에서 높은 학과로, 취업률이 낮은 학과에서 높은 학과로 전과를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.113-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish academic identity as well as produce human resources that industries need by grasping curriculum of the departments related beauty focusing on Korean colleges (junior colleges and four year course colleges), analyzing examples of advanced countries and suggesting their developmental direction. For the research method, the reference period of curriculum in Korean colleges was from Jul. 05th, 2011 to Aug. 05th, 2011. the investigation method is as follow: first, the curriculum of the departments related to beauty which were registered in the web sites were investigated. Second, the documents were received by fax and Email from each department after calling it. Third, questions and answers were done in reference to majors on the phones. these methods are intended for 65 junior colleges and 16 four year course colleges (total 81 ones). It clarified that lifelong education centers and the graduate courses were ruled out. the statistical analysis about data which were investigated like this were done by the frequency analysis. The results which examined the major subjects of Make-up focusing on Korea and foreign countries are as follow: First, the result which examined the major and theory subjects of Make-up has found that there are the human body theory, the equipment theory, the marketing theory are the management theory in Korean junior colleges and physiology/chemical, management, marketing and equipment product were treated in four year course colleges of Korea. As for foreign colleges, the subjects related to history and culture are mainly treated as the theory courses and their purpose is to cultivate basic knowledge of the fields which are mainly connected to Make-up including plays, movies, TV and studios. Second, the result which examined practice subjects of Make-up major has found that practice subjects of the total ones are of great importance in junior colleges. And it could be found that the Make-up field is of little importance as it is not independent and exists with the hair and skin fields in one department in the four year course colleges. Especially, in the foreign countries, the more detailed and professional subjects including classes which treat digital media, studio technologies, production, wigs and the special effects were treated by the field class system and these characteristics implies that Korean curriculum should be changed in the future. Based on this analytical results of investigation, this researcher tried to propose the developmental direction of Korean curriculum in the future.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.391-404
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• 2015

This study examined job satisfaction and relevant variables for multi-cultural family home-visiting educators. The selected study subjects were 192 home-visiting educators who work at Multi-Cultural Family Support Centers in the Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheongnam-do areas. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS ver. 18.0. The main results were as follows. First, the job satisfaction level in multi-cultural family visiting educators stood at 3.29 points, subjects' age, averagely monthly income, marital status, and activity career were shown to influence generally upon job satisfaction, self-efficacy, job stress, and cultural competency. Job satisfaction was high in groups with: a high age, small career, low averagely monthly income, and married. Second, self-efficacy and job stress were big in the job satisfaction of multi-cultural family visiting educators. The same outcome as the existing prior research was indicated. Cultural competency was not significant. Third, an examination of relative influence upon job satisfaction in home visiting educators indicated that the explanation power was 29.0%. Significant influential variables included academic background, marital status, self-regulation, and role ambiguity. Self-regulation was greater for those with lower academic backgrounds and unmarried. Job satisfaction was higher in the lower role ambiguity. Thus, the same outcome as the existing prior research was indicated. Cultural competency wasn't indicated to be significant. This has significance in having shown characteristics of job satisfaction in multi-cultural family visiting educators.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2001

PDP용 투명유전체 재료로 사용되는 $PbO-B_2O_3-SiO_2-Al_2O_3$계의 소성과정 중에서 투명전극 (ITO)과의 반응성 및 광학적, 열적, 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 유전체막.두께는 12$\mu\textrm{m}$으로, 온도는 550-58$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 후 여러 물성을 평가하였다 그 결과로, 유전체와 투명전극(ITO)의 반용에서, In 이온이 유전체층으로 확산이동하였으며, Sn 확산은 거의 발생하지 않았다. 선팽창계수, 유전상수, 유리전이온도,광 투과율은 유전체 조성의 PbO 양에 큰 영향을 받았다. PbO양 증가는 선팽창계수와 유전상수를 증가시킨 반면, 유리전이온도와 광 투과율온 저하시켰다. $Al_2O_3/B_2O_3$ 비가 증가함에 따라서는 선팽창계수는 감소, 유전상수는 증가, 광 투과율은 감소하였으며, 유리 전이점 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.105-156
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• 2003

본 연구는 1990년 이후 모방형에서 혁신형으로 과학기술정책의 패러다임이 변화되면서 과학기술정책형성을 둘러싸고 다양하게 발생하는 부처간 정책갈등 현상과 그 조정과정을 분석하였다. 연구를 위해 과학기술기본법(기본법) 제정과정을 사례로 선정하고, 연구의 시간적 범위를 '92년부터 '01년까지로 하여, 법률안 태동기, 과도기, 입법기 등 3개의 시기단위로 구분하여 비교 분석하였다. 부처간 정책갈등의 원인과 양상을 부처간 상호작용의 동기를 기준으로 정책 지향적 갈등과 관할권 지향적 갈등으로 구분 분석하였다. 갈등조정 방법의 분석은 수평적 분석적 조정과 수직적 정치적 조정을 그 기준으로 하였다. 연구결과를 부처간 정책 갈등양상, 정책갈등의 특징, 정책갈등의 조정과정, 그리고 참여자들의 특징적 양상 등을 중심으로 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정책갈등은 태동기에는 부처간 정책지향의 차이에 따른 갈등이 관할권 지향에 의한 갈등보다 우위현상을 보였고, 과도기에는 정책 지향과 관할권 지향에 의한 갈등이 복합적으로, 그리고 입법기에는 관할권 지향에 의한 갈등이 지배적인 현상을 보였다. 둘째, 정책갈등에 대한 조정과정은 태동기에는 수평적 분석적 조정이 주류를 이루었고, 과도기에는 수평적 수직적 정치적 조정양상이 다양하게 나타났으며, 입법기에는 수직적 정치적 조정 양상이 두드러지게 나타났다. 셋째, 정책갈등에 대한 조정결과는 참여자들의 특징을 중심으로 분석하였다. 그 결과부처간 정책갈등을 해결하는 데 있어서 국회와 정당이 결정적인 역할을 했음을 보여주었다.