• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.597-601
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• 2006

There are considerable amount of man power and time spent for analysis and selection of various materials due to the inadequate application system and rapid searching process of material related information in each stage of building production process. Also, due to the insufficiency in recycling system of important information created for each process, they are hoarded at each task stage and project completion. As a result, because of the repetition of the similar/identical tasks on each process, it is the major reason for impeding the efficient employment of manpower of the company and decreasing competition of the company. Moreover, in selecting finish material in the project field, there are many difficulties due to the lack of technical information such as product characteristics and field applications. The construction quality also affects the profit and loss of the product which calls for a need to develop continued information management system that the finish material related examples could be shared in real time. The objective of this study is to propose a building finish material information which the real time research and application is possible to raise the productivity. TO do this, the current material information task status analysis and questionnaire research should be conducted to understand the demand of system development and reflect the result onto the system for easy access and application. Therefore, the building finish material information system for enhancement of productivity of construction task proposed in this study is expected to be utilized in enhancement of construction quality, maximization of company profit, and strengthening of company competition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

The rate of traffic accidents that occurred in Korea last year is 10 out of every 100,000 people, ranking it 6th among the 35 OECD member countries. The accident rate of children with disabilities and elderly people is also high. The purpose of this study is to introduce traffic safety facilities which have been developed for the reduction of traffic accidents in non-urban areas in Korea through an analysis of the related literature, the accident factors using traffic accident analysis system data and traffic accident characteristics. Traffic safety integrated facilities for ICT-based pedestrian crossings are subject to cross-sectional coverage of child protection zones. The smart safety fence prevents vehicles from parking illegally and informs pedestrians that there is an access vehicle on the pedestrian crossing. The smart bump is designed to warn drivers who are not aware of the pedestrians. In order to standardize the appropriate form and size of the traffic safety facilities for pedestrian crossings, we constructed a standard model for each type, considering the road function, press classification, power, lane number, geometric form, etc. As a result, the rate of traffic accidents involving vulnerable people was reduced. In addition, it is anticipated that the maintenance costs will be reduced by the use of a solar power supply and their compatibility with the existing installed safety fences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2010

The main purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate, according to a standard clinical classification and assessment method, the effect of a standardized manual stretching and therapeutic massage program on patients with clearly defined congenital muscular torticollis. A total of 52 cases of congenital muscular torticollis who were first seen when they were less than one year old and were treated with conservative physical therapy. Before treatment, the patients were divided into one of three clinical groups: (1) sternomastoid tumor group, (2) muscular torticollis group, and (3) postural torticollis group. Of the 52 patients, 32 (61.5%) made up the sternomastoid tumor group; 15 (28.9%) the muscular torticollis group; and 5 (9.6%) the postural torticollis group. Multivariate analysis of the outcomes showed that the duration of treatment was significantly differentiated according to the clinical group (p<0.01), age at presentation (p<0.01), and a passive rotation deficit of the neck (p<0.01). The current study showed that well controlled conservative physical therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of congenital torticollis in about 84.6% of patients who are first seen before the age of one year.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2013

In pattern recognition field, data classification is an essential process for extracting meaningful information from data. Adaptive boosting algorithm, known as AdaBoost algorithm, is a kind of improved boosting algorithm for applying to real data analysis. It consists of weak classifiers, such as random guessing or random forest, which performance is slightly more than 50% and weights for combining the classifiers. And a strong classifier is created with the weak classifiers and the weights. In this paper, a research is performed using AdaBoost algorithm for detecting chaff echo which has similar characteristics to precipitation echo and interrupts weather forecasting. The entire process for implementing chaff echo classifier starts spatial and temporal clustering based on similarity with weather radar data. With them, learning data set is prepared that separated chaff echo and non-chaff echo, and the AdaBoost classifier is generated as a result. For verifying the classifier, actual chaff echo appearance case is applied, and it is confirmed that the classifier can distinguish chaff echo efficiently.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2013

It is characterized and classified as the type of red brown glass beads to compare the chemical composition and manufacturing technique on the 141 samples in 12 sites of the Three Kingdom Period analyzed until now. It can be divided into three types according to the chemical composition of stabilizers(CaO & $Al_2O_3$) and soda raw materials(MgO & $K_2O$) on the red brown glass beads except one sample. Type I of high alumina glass is identified as the most common types that is 78.6 % of the distribution ratio at analytical samples and is excavated the most from ruin sites. In contrast, type II, 13.6 % of distribution ratio at analytical samples, is about 5 % CaO and $Al_2O_3$, MgO and $K_2O$ at around 1.5 % is similar to the composition of plant ash glass. Type III is that the content of CaO is higher than $Al_2O_3$ and the content of MgO and $K_2O$ is below 1.5 %. It is the same as the composition of natron glass and its share is the lowest as 7.9 %. Of these, type III is divided into two types according to the content of MgO and $K_2O$. It is identified that manufacturing technique of type I and II is drawing and type III is casting method with microscopic investigations. Type II and III is estimated that raw materials is different because is confirmed in the majority of ruins in spite of the fact that distribution ratio is very low. So, red brown glass beads distributed in Korea Peninsula are divided into three types of glass culture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2005

The personality structure of animation characters is revealed as the characters' roles and behavioral patterns in the drama work as elements of sympathy with the audience. Therefore, character creation is not simply limited to the invention of outward appearance. It must start from understanding the importance of personality structure that leads the plot. Thus the present study examined various personality structures retained in characters, centering on The Spiriting Away Of Sen And Chihiro by director Hayao Miyazaki, who has created unique characters. As parts of this research, first, the general characteristics of animation characters were defined. Second, personality types were examined from Carl G. Jung's psychological viewpoint. Analysis was made by connecting the method of classifying personality types based on the multiplicity of personality, namely, 'extroversion and introversion, intuition and sense, thinking and feeling, and judgment and understanding' to the method of classification based on the organic relations among roles in the drama, namely,'victim, persecutor and savior'. Lastly, the research viewpoint derived from the analysis of characters in The Spiriting Away Of Sen And Chihiro was applied. The present study defined the general characteristic revealed by the personality types of characters and their organic relations as 'the personality structure of characters' and documented data. In addition, this study is regarded as meaning in that it suggested an example of the effective creation of animation characters that win the sympathy of the audience.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.43-61
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• 2013

The aberrant movement that Gilles Deleuze wanted to describe represents 'unclosed' or 'unlimited' possibility; it also means that a being has unlimited virtual power until it turns into a thing. In this paper, I analyzed and classified "Dialogue Factual,"one of the animation films by Jan Svankmajer, based on the logical grounds by Gilles Deleuze. First, as a result of analysis according to the seven characteristics in the experimental animation by Paul Wells, 'Dialogue Factual' has all of the features in the experimental animation, and, as I have found, the analysis through a comparison with Carl Dreyer's "The Passion of Joan Of Arc" indicates the works by Jan Svankmajer do not conform to Sensory-motor schemata. Such aberrant properties are involved with the time-image by Gilles Deleuze; by comparison with "Lavender Mist No. 1", one of the artworks by Jackson Pollock, it has been confirmed that "crystal image," the important concept of the time-image, is inherent in "Dialogue Factual". Lastly, the analysis of shots suggests that the movement-image and the time-image coexist in "Dialogue Factual". However, they are not to be classified by a clear-cut dichotomy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.1179-1184
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• 2008

Purpose : Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) primarily occurs in preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and kept under mechanical ventilator care. Therefore, this study aimed to examine various risk factors for PIE, to identify conditions that can decrease the possibility of PIE development. Methods : PIE classification was conducted for 183 patients diagnosed to have RDS and receiving mechanical ventilator care with pulmonary surfactant between March 2000 and February 2007. The characteristics of each patient were analyzed through retrospective examination of their medical histories. Results : Among 183 patients, 17 had PIE; all factors, including birth weight, gestational age, RDS grade III or above, chorioamnionitis, and premature rupture of membranes, were statistically significant (P<0.05). The period of mechanical ventilator use was statistically significant, but the peak mean airway pressure and peak partial pressure of inspired oxygen were not. PIE mainly occurred on the right side or both sides rather than the left side and mostly developed within 72 h. The PIE group showed higher mortality rate than the control group, and the major cause of mortality was pneumothorax. Conclusion : Risk factors for PIE in infants suffering from RDS and kept under mechanical ventilator care include low gestational age, low birth weight, chorioamnionitis, and premature rupture of membranes. If any risk factors are noted, the infant must be observed closely for at least 72 h after birth.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2007

Grould Reaction force(GRF) is important in human movements and GRF measurements are one of the most frequently used tool in biomechanical studies. In the studies of the golf swing motion, people refer to GRF as weight transfer. A successful golf swing motion requires many segments activation sequences which are controled by the nerve system. Due to the inter- and intra-individual variability of the human movement and the movement strategies, reliability of the measurements are important in human movement studies. Previous golf researches were based on group studies and certain events' values were analyzed. The purposes of this study were to determine the number of trials for the reliable golf swing GRF data collection, to reveal the variability level of the meaningful components of the golf swing GRF, and to classify the types of the golf swing GRF patterns. Twenty three male professional golfers($26.4{\pm}6.6$ years, $174.3{\pm}5.2\;cm$, $71.3{\pm}6.5\;kg$) signed an informed consent form prior to participation in this study. GRFs of driver swings were collected with Kistler 9285 force platform and 9865A amplifier, and calculated by the KwonGRF program(Visol, Korea). Sampling frequency was 1080 Hz. GRF data were trimmed from 1.5 s prior to the impact to 0.5 s after the impact. The number of trials for the reliable GRF collection was determined when the change in floating mean overs the 25 % of the standard deviation of that variable. Variabilities of the variables were determined by the coefficient of variation(CV) of 10 %. The types of GRF patterns were determined by visual inspection of the peak GRF shapes. The minimum number of trials for the reliable golf swing GRF data collection was five. Ten-trial seems more conservative. The value of the peak GRF was more reliable than the value of the impact GRF. The CV of the peak GRF and impact GRF were 7.4 %, 15.2 %, respectively. Because of the +/- sigh of the peak GRF appearance time, it was impossible to calculate CV of the peak GRF appearance time. Golf swing GRF patterns were classified as sing peak type, double peak type, and plateau peak type. This classification suggests the presence of the different golf swing weight transfer strategies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2015

Background: Hypertrophied myocardium is especially vulnerable to ischemic injury. This study aimed to compare the early and late clinical outcomes of three different methods of myocardial protection in patients with aortic stenosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 225 consecutive patients (mean age, 65{\pm}10 years; 123 males) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve replacement. Patients were excluded if they had coronary artery disease, an ejection fraction <50%, more than mild aortic regurgitation, or endocarditis. The patients were divided into three groups: group A, which was treated with antegrade and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia; group B, which was treated with antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution; and group C, treated with retrograde cold blood cardioplegia. Results: Group A contained 70 patients (31.1%), group B contained 74 patients (32.9%), and group C contained 81 patients (36%). The three groups showed significant differences with regard to the proportion of patients with a New York Heart Association functional classification ${\geq}III$ (p=0.035), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (p=0.042), ejection fraction (p=0.035), left ventricular dimensions (p<0.001), left ventricular mass index (p<0.001), and right ventricular systolic pressure (p <0.001). Differences in cardiopulmonary bypass time (p=0.532) and aortic cross-clamp time (p=0.48) among the three groups were not statistically significant. During postoperative recovery, no significant differences were found regarding the use of inotropes (p=0.328), mechanical support (n=0), arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, p=0.347; non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, p=0.1), and ventilator support time (p=0.162). No operative mortality occurred. Similarly, no significant differences were found in long-term outcomes. Conclusion: Although the three groups showed some significant differences with regard to patient characteristics, both antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia with HTK solution and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia led to early and late clinical results similar to those achieved with combined antegrade and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia.