• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.112-123
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the biotope characteristics of Korean cities and set up biotope type structures for Korean cities based on biotope type classification, dominant biotope type, city's human and nature environmental characteristics and cluster analysis. The findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, regarding the analysis of biotope type classification, cities showed differences in terms of the standard of biotope classification and classification hierarchy. Next, the analysis of dominant biotope types showed the type of forest represents the largest area in most cities. Moreover, a city's characteristic analysis revealed large differences between cities. As a result of cluster analysis, cities were classified into five clusters overall. First, Cluster A showed a lower population level and urbanization level. Unlike other cities, Cluster A revealed that it has the largest percentage of agricultural areas. Cluster C showed very high levels in terms of population amount and urbanization conditions was named the 'Large-sized metropolitan cities-center of forest biotope area' based on it's characteristics. The findings of this study as summarized above are considered to play an important role in enabling detailed classification and preservation of biotope types fit for the characteristics of cities and minimizing the confusion caused by different biotope mapping methods when revising and complementing biotope maps.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.48.1-48
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2017

This study aims to interpret the current landscape design of the place and landscape of memory, such as post-industrial parks and memorials that have an old, aging appearance from an aesthetic perspective. The objects of the study are large parks and open spaces that have collective memories for visitors. Visitors' aesthetic experience from these places and landscapes of memory could be explained by aesthetic concepts such as the sublime, nostalgia, and melancholy. Because these aesthetic concepts are associated with past traumas, visitors may be affected morbidly. However, due to the capability of the media to form an aesthetic experience when visitors visit a given place and landscape, visitors can autonomously adjust the distance to the place of memory and gain an aesthetic experience. The aesthetic experiences through the sublime, nostalgia, and melancholy are based on temporality and irreversibility. Temporality here refers to a characteristic of memory, and time in the place and landscape of memory and is based on the irreversibility of time, as time cannot go back. Both the place memory and the memory that is recalled from the combination with visitor's past memories and knowledge are two major factors involved in the construction of the aesthetic experience in the place and landscape of memory. The results of the present study are meaningful in that this study presents a framework for a better understanding and use of both the place memory and appreciators' memory in the design process of a place and landscape of memory and also criticizes a materialistic approach that fails to take into account the visitors' memories.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-90
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• 1985

^x This study is composed of four Process. Process 1 suggests the background, purpose and necessity to provide with criteria for establishing Korean-style house preservation area including the present situation of the established area in our country. Also it is provided with the approach and the substantial realm to discuss the established criteria for the subject of this thesis. Process 2 dealt with theoretical parts as a premise to suggest the established criteria for the Korean- style house preservation area : 1) Original background of the Korean- style house, characteristic of the Korean traditional housing, changed situation of the Korean- style house based on the epoch, classified into the characteristic of the Korean- style house. 2) The characteristic of the Korean- style house and its values existed in the present urban areas are investigated by synthesizing such contents. 3) The significance for establishing the preservation area of the Korean- style houses in urban areas which is insufficient systematically in suggested as follows : First, establishment of the preservation area of the Korean- style houses with regard to the traditional succession of cultural properties. Second, acknowledging preservation problems of cultural properties in our country due to the world- wide tendency, preservation of historical environment of new comprehensive concept for the preservation of cultural properties. Process 3, as a case study on the establishment of the preservation area, describes a framework for investigating and analyzing the status by reviewing the present situation of the Korean- style preservation area in Seoul city which is established as the preservation area. Process 4 suggests seven criteria with regard to the establishment of the preservation area. 1) A decisive criterion for the Korean- style house to divide into Korean- style house and non- Korean style house (proper building and nonproper building) for the preservation. 2) A concrete decisive criterion for the Korean- style house with regard to valuable endowment with dominent factors in its landscape. 3) A decisive criterion for the review of the landscape preservation for the nonproper building. 4) Suggesting logical evidences for the above second and third criterion (suggesting appropriateness). 5) Dividing into following two criteria for the decision of the building condition. a) A decisive criterion of the Korean- style house's condition. b) A decisive criterion of non- Korean style house's condition. 6) A selective criterion for the preservation building after synthesizing above five criteria. 7) Final criterion for establishing the preservation area with regard to systematic particulars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.162-167
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• 2007

The courtyard life style ever existed as the major traditional living form in wide north China areas. The research made case study and specific analysis on the space organization, constitution and order of the courtyard living, as well as the dwelling accessory manners and transfer space patterns both inside and outside of the courtyard. Pingyao ancient city as the research sample (object), its courtyard composition, classification and characteristic are studied profoundly to explore local traditional cultural traits. On upon the analysis, the research is concluded that the civil courtyard in the ancient Pingyao city bears the feature of in a continuous changing process, which represented as 'from confined to opening', 'from narrow to wide', 'from public to private'. Despite of the courtyard dwelling location and direction, all accessories architectural items on the main room roof were influenced by the geomantic omen culture. As of the inside wall body, entrance and side wall of the courtyard, the woodcraft, stone carving, brick carving on above not only could functioned in architecture artistic, but also express the traditional education spiritual feature.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

With environmental problems and pollutions accumulated by continuous towns or cities developments events, it is becoming necessary to develop in consideration of environmental effects. This consensus leads to prepare a plan system and instrument for ecological city development, which can be a series of planning indicators. To develope a series of process for environmental friendly development, this study has three main goals as follows; development of policies and programs for environmental friendly development, suggestion of environmental friendly urban design models and standards, development of planning indicators and design guidelines Korean land use plan is operated by both zoning system and detailed plan system. But the available kinds of zoning type are too limited to apply to various and vernacular places. In addition to, the detailed plan is understood to be another regulation which constricts the freedom of building right. In this study, Plan System of Environmentally Friendly Space was studied for domestic affairs In German, Plan System of Environmentally Friendly Space is the field have been progressed before. so In this study, example of German was researched intensively, and Plan System of Environmentally Friendly Space was developed, applicable for the real state in domestic. This study was focused on methodology of landscape planning and planning for afforestation. Landscape planning is performed on condition detail investigation of existent state of nature and local characteristic, and Investigation of Planning for afforestation is more detailed than that of Landscape planning. In the basis of methodology of landscape planning and planning for afforestation, Plan for Environmentally Friendly Urban Habitation Model was developed. Plan for Environmentally Friendly Urban Habitation Model was applicable for state of land use planning. Site was selected Chuk-chun in city yang-in, taking the circumstances into consideration. So landscape planning correspond to land use planning was made out. Adjustment of Land use planning and Landscape planning was very important. Undergoing this process, Plan for Environmentally Friendly Urban Habitation Model was performed.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.100-118
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• 2004

Mi Fu, who was associated with Wen Tong, invented the Mijoem Technique (Dotting Technique) in landscape painting with his son Mi Youren. His landscapes, which referred to Dong Yuan's landscape technique and was inspired by the scenery of Jiang Nan, illustrate the mood of a cloud-covered foggy landscape by liberally applying dots with ink. 'Chunsansoesong' which is considered done by Mi Fu, clearly shows the virtues of ink painting's spreading, absorbing and omission techniques. This simply rendered landscape - whose mountains and hills are wrapped in both clouds and fog - displays exquisiteness by using small dots. In 'Chunsansoesong', the characteristics of Song painting: a 'vital energy', a 'poem within the painting', a 'beauty of margin', a 'beauty of one brush stroke, and a 'display of inner meanings' are implicatively expressed This is because it's simple but connotatively delineative. There is the characteristic of a 'poem within the painting' when analyzing the both fragmented and combined 'Chunsansoesong'. The margins support an imaginative space as the height of the mountains get higher which result in deepening both the width and depth of the landscape space. Furthermore, the soft thickness of ink, clouds, pine trees, and pavilion evoke delineative feelings and a desire to write a poem Every thing in 'Chunsansoesong' is enveloped in both clouds and fog regardless of its distance and this delivers boundless feelings of Oriental mystery and urges a desire for 'writing a poem'. The pavilion that faces the cloud and fog-bound mountains especially flames the poetic urge further by inducing viewers' poetic imaginations. As we reviewed above, 'Chunsansoesong's cloud and fog-covered landscape is a good example that clearly showcases the characteristics of a 'Poem within the Painting'.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2002

This study showed the current plantation of woody landscape plants of 42 school gardens in Daejeon metropolitan city. The ratio between evergreen tree and deciduous tree was 67% to 33%. The ratio between evergreen shrub and deciduous shrub was 48% to 52%. Also, 161 kinds of woody species were found; evergreen tree was 21 species, deciduous tree was 67 species, evergreen shrub was 16 species, deciduous shrub was 44 species, and vine and the others were 13 species. The proportion of native woody species was 61% (98 out of 161 species). 110 species were planted at the front garden area. In the mid-garden, 77 kinds of woody species were found. In the side garden, 95 kinds of woody species were found. In the rear garden, 92 kinds of woody species were found. The surrounding of play ground and outer area were planted 82 species. The first ranked evergreen tree was Juniperus chinensis‘Kaizuka’. And Deciduous tree, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, and vine showed Gingko biloba, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Hibiscus syriacus, Wisteria floribunda, respectively. The school symbol of tree and flower was planted in 41 schools. The first rank plants of school symbol tree and flower were Pinus densiflora, Forsythia koreana and Rosa spp. Plant nameplate was found at 22 schools. The plant nameplate was used for 1∼10 species at 17 schools. In conclusion, plantation of landscape trees should be considered characteristic of each school area. In addition, school landscape should be planned distinction of a elementary school, a middle school, a high school, and a school for handicapped. School landscape should be considered carefully from functional, natural, educational environment and maintenance viewpoints as well as urban forest networking.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

This study is an evaluation index development research based on the Gyeongju Historic Heritage Sites to identify the attractive properties of Gyeongju that have helped determine the competitiveness of this historical city. Through literature reviews on these attractive factors of historic urban landscape, the Vienna memos(UNESCO, 2005) and the International Cultural Tourism Charter(ICOMOS, 1999), two professional investigations were conducted following a backup group of attraction indexes that had been received prior. In the end, 22 attraction indexes were chosen in the Urban Historical and Cultural area, the Heritage Resources area, and the Urban Environment area with three aspects based on the analysis of Importance(M), Standard deviation(SD), Content Validity Ratio(CVR), Agreement, and convergence. These indicators will be useful basic information for improving the city's historic charms. In the future, these indicators can be used as a basis for evaluating the characteristic charms of Gyeongju, through which the charm of Gyeongju can be re-recognized.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

This study measured the importance and satisfaction of the values related to 'New Ruralism' using the IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) technique by the rural leaders' group. In the result, the satisfaction value was evaluated lower in the importance of 'landscape and ecological resource conservation', 'settlement environment', and 'population' related items. On the other hand, the items of 'tourism resource management', 'landscape damage', and 'landscape and ecological resource conservation' showed high satisfaction. Therefore, the leaders' group of Gochang-gun perceived the importance of local tourism image, landscape damage prevention, settlement environment, and rural landscape in 'New Ruralism' management. However, the leaders' group valued lower in the items of population, ecological value and natural and historical tourist sites. This seems to be a characteristic of the leaders' group mainly engaged in agriculture. Through factor analysis, the six items excluded from the analysis were considered important factors in 'New Ruralism' in Gochang-gun through a review of previous studies. Still, the leaders' group of Gochang-gun did not recognize them as important items in the rural resource. However, these items will be able to contribute to the development of 'New Ruralism' in Gochang-gun, and it is necessary to improve the awareness of the leader group. Even if local governments or experts present an ideal goal for rural development, it is difficult to achieve the goals if there is a difference from the perception of residents. Therefore, it is important to understand the perception of 'New Ruralism' of the leaders' group who plays an important role in regional development projects.