• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 1995

We have analyzed the time series of Ca II H,K and ${\lambda}8498$ line profiles taken for a sunspot (SPO 5007) with the Echelle spectrograph attached to Vacuum Tower Telescope at Sacramento Peak Solar Observatory. Each set of spectra was taken simultaneously for 20 minutes at a time interval of 30 seconds. A total of 40 photographic films for each line was scanned by a PDS at Korea Astronomy Observatory. The central peak intensity of Ca II H ($I_{max}$), the intensity measured at ${\Delta}{\lambda}=-0.1{\AA}$ from the line center of ${\lambda}8498(I_{{\lambda}8489})$, the radial velocity ($V_r$) and the Doppler width (${\Delta}{\lambda}_D$) estimated from Ca II H have been measured to study the dynamical behaviors of the sunspot chromosphere. Fourier analysis has been carried out for these measured quantities. Our main results are as follows: (1) We have confirmed the 3-minute oscillation being dominant throughout the umbra. The period of oscillations jumps from 180 sec in the umbra to 500 to 1000 sec in the penumbra. (2) The nonlinear character of the umbral oscillation is noted from the observed sawtooth shaped radial velocity fluctuations with amplitudes reaching up to $5{\sim}6\;km/sec$. (3) The spatial distribution of the maximum powers shows that the power of oscillations is stronger in the umbra than in the penumbra. (4) The spatial distributions of the time averaged < $I_{max}$ > and < $V_r$ > across the spot are found to be nearly axially symmetric, implying that the physical quantities derived from the line profiles of Ca II H and ${\lambda}8498$ are inherently associated with the geometry of the magnetic field distribution of the spot. (5) The central peaks of the CaII H emission core lead the upward motions of the umbral atmosphere by $90^{\circ}$, while no phase delay is found in intensities between $I_{max}$ and $I_{{\lambda}8498}$, suggesting that the umbral oscillation is of standing waves.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.253-266
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• 2000

In order to strengthen objectivity and availability of oriental herb medicine, the standard formula for herbs has been attempted to set up by experimenting and documentary testing original herbs which were recorded in authorized document. The object herb medicine is Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix. The internal and external morphological standard in this study is expected to supply the search for several physiochemical reaction, biological reaction, determination of indicator material and identification of gene with basic sources in the future. The result of study is as follows; In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial classification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. In powder herbs, it was possible to purify the shape by microscope through maceration of natural and powder herbs. Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for alpplying herbs in the future. Despite such a useful character, it was difficult to deal with power herbs because it was uncertain to make a standard for them on account of the crush of these tissue. Since powders shape of herbs in a few documents were regard not as the powder shapes of natural herbs but as the maceration state of them. It is suggested that we should inspect the original herbs which are not crushed yet with a microscope in order to identify crushed shape of powder herbs from now on. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search. As for the supplement about this search, considering that many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness are being current now, it is necessary that each herb should he collected only after identifying and that the succeeding search of each herb should be proceeded for the regular establishment of internal and external standard.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2002

Researches of Hangul automation have been focused mainly on the set of character system. But, practical problem of using the Korean standard keyboard system of two sets is increment of errors and fatigue due to frequent use of shift keys. The author formulate a hypothesis as follows to solve the problem. 'Changing location and design of shift keys can reduce errors in typing Korean by avoiding interferences with other keys when pressing shift keys.' This study verify the hypothesis by the analysis of experiments using improved keyboard prototypes which have changed layout and design of shift keys. On the result, change of shift key location causes confusion to experienced user. But, while keeping its location, removing other keys at the bottom row and magnifying size of shift keys decrease errors in typing by avoiding interferences. And, the efficiency of typing in Korean is increased, too, because there is not any influence on typing speed. This study focuses on layout and design of shift keys only, but further study for entire layout of keyboard including alternative location of other function keys is needed to improve general usability.

• Strategy21
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• s.44
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• pp.291-322
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• 2018

This research aims to cast light upon security characteristics of the Peace Line, which have been underestimated. To understand maritime order and maritime security policy of the Republic of Korea between 1950 and 1970, it is necessary to analyze the Peace Line as line of defence and to investigate its character This research begins with analyzation of historical facts and investigation on security characteristics of the Peace Line. It goes further to examination of legal justification of the Peace Line, which was one of international legal issues of the period, principally regarding its security characteristics. As results of the study, it could be said that the security characteristics of the Peace Line was the line of defensive waters, which set its goal mainly to prevent infiltration of communist spies. The Peace Line had practical effect as it functioned as a base line of the ROK Navy to take anti-spy operation. At the early phase of the Korea-Japan Negotiation, the Korea delegation interpreted significance of the Peace Line passively. After abrogation of Clark Line, the delegation, however, became positive to maintain the Peace Line and its security characteristics. Security characteristics of the Peace Line was recognized again, as it became the base line of special maritime zone which was made in 1972. Through analysis on international law, it is concluded that the Peace Line was fair as a part of the right of self-defense against indirect aggression. North Korea attempted indirect aggression mainly from sea way, and these might undermine peace and cause urgent and unjust damage on the ROK. Thus the ROK's action of anti-spy operation through the Peace Line can be justifiable as considering the right of self-defence. Also the Peace Line accorded with principles of necessity, immediacy and proportionality. As it was argued on the above, the Peace Line as line of defence was one of the most significant factor in the ROK's maritime security history from the Hot war against communist forces to Cold war period after Korean War and must not be underestimated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1286-1297
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• 2002

This study was aimed at conducting a survey and analyzing its results on the purchase and wearing conditions and design preference of sports casual wear among women and men in their twenties and thirties according to region, gender, age and income. The survey was administered using a website and was conducted among the persons who purchased sports casual wear more than once a year. The statistical results were analyzed from 497 questionnaires of respondents residing in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, six metropolitan cities and other cities and provinces. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1) Results of wearing conditions and preference of sports casual wear : The respondents of the survey answered that they had purchased 1 or 2 clothing items for a year and the order of buying the popular wear ranked sport shirt, jacket, trousers respectively. They chose mostly shades of gray, and the most favored design type were a chin collar, a set-in sleeves, a mixed type of band cuffs and elastic band, side zip-pockets, a full-zip front fastener, alight warm-up hood, and a small front upper chest type logo; 2)Analysis of the differences in purchase and wearing conditions in accordance with region, gender, age and income : The largest proportion of respondents who answered thar had purchased 4 or more clothing items for a year were Seoul residents and in particular the residents south of the Han river. The customers under thirty usually obtained their information about sports casual wear by visiting stores in person. The men obtain a variety of information through printed materials and related Internet sites; 3) Analysis of preferential differences of the detailed partial design : The purchasers in their 20's preferred black white, and gray patterns, however that preference shifted for those in their late 20's and the preference for pastel colors increased. The purchasers in their 20's and mid 30's had a preference for a chin collar and an eight-shaped zip type pockets. The men preferred a band cuff and a detachable hood type but women favored an elastic band and a light warm-up hood type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2010

We introduce a novel feature extraction scheme for online handwritten digit based on utilizing Zernike moment and angulation feature. The time sequential signal from mouse movement on the writing pad is described as a sequence of consecutive points on the x-y plane. So, we can create data-set which are successive and time-sequential pixel position data by preprocessing. Data preprocessed is used for Zernike moment and angulation feature extraction. this feature is scale-, translation-, and rotation-invariant. The extracted specific feature is fed to a BP(backpropagation) neural network, which in turn classifies it as one of the nine digits. In this paper, proposed method not noly show high recognition rate but also need less learning data for 200 handwritten digit data.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.244-260
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• 2007

The operator LIKE of the database language SQL is a string pattern search operator. By providing the string pattern, the operator can identify column values that match with the string pattern. As a phonetic symbol, each Korean syllable is composed either of a leading sound and a medial sound or of a leading sound, a medial sound, and a trailing sound. As a search pattern of Korean syllables of the operator LIKE, in addition to the traditional Korean search pattern, this paper proposes a new search pattern that is based on leading sounds and medial sounds of Korean. With the new Korean search pattern, Korean syllables having specific leading sounds, specific medial sounds, or both specific leading sounds and medial sounds can be found. Formulating predicates equivalent with the new Korean search pattern by way of existing SQL operators is cumbersome and might cause the portability problem of applications depending on the underlying character set of the DBMS. This paper presents algorithms for the execution of the operator LIKE considering the new Korean search pattern based on the characters that are represented in KS X 1001, which is a Korean standard code for information interchange of Korean and Chinese.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a multiple classifier combination method based on image degradation modeling to improve recognition performance on low-quality images. Using an image degradation model, it generates a set of classifiers each of which is specialized for a specific image quality. In recognition, it combines the results of the recognizers by weighted averaging to decide the final result. At this time, the weight of each recognizer is dynamically decided from the estimated quality of the input image. It assigns large weight to the recognizer specialized to the estimated quality of the input image, but small weight to other recognizers. As the result, it can effectively adapt to image quality variation. Moreover, being a multiple-classifier system, it shows more reliable performance then the single-classifier system on low-quality images. In the experiment, the proposed multiple-classifier combination method achieved higher recognition rate than multiple-classifier combination systems not considering the image quality or single classifier systems considering the image quality.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

OBE(On Board Equipment) of IR(Infrared)/RF(Radio Frequence)-DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication) are set up 1.25 million cars because Korea Highway Cooperation supplied in HiPass(Domestic Electronic Toll Collection System). But this DSRC system has strength and weakness of service for BIS(Bus Information System) or UTIS(Urban Traffic Information System) because BIS and UTIS are required vary high communication's performance and management. In this paper, Efficiency of IR/RF-DSRC is analyzed performance of MAC(Medium Access Control) by computer simulation for services of BIS or UTIS, so Suggested to be commensurated with medium of there service. Specially, DSRC is needed high mobility and throughput in the vary short communication range, so Analysed the transmission rate of data in each communication medium over the specific character of the MAC frame.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.191-214
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• 2011

Today the company's brand sites are in tendency locating as a handy method to administrate company vision, value and image. So this study tried to examine the aspects of storytelling around Amore Pacific's brand site. To secure the discussion's centrality and concreteness, two issues are considered to be aimed in methodology. First, the menus of relevant site were examined to see if they are securing minimal narrative. This was an attempt to discuss the minimum narrativity that target text is supposed to possess, to objectify little more the term 'storytelling.' After considering the menus of relevant site through narratological ideas of Gerald Prince, the menus that satisfy the level of minimum narrative were hardly seen. Even 'OUR STORY', showing the intention of unraveling the vision and values within the company brand by stories, is not seemed to be reaching universal, objective storytelling. Second, pragmatic, reception theory were applied as another standard to judge storytelling possibilities of Amore Pacific's brand site. Roger C. Schank's script theory, being considered in the field of cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology, became a handy tool for examining the interactions and its meaning between brand sites and its visitors. As a result, the relevant site could be seen as attempting storytelling following time sequence, through narrator kindly explaining 'visual image-event.' And it was conjecturable that, because of such function of narrator, visitors finishes storytelling in a personal shape by operating internal story based script. This study examined the level and methods of storytelling limited in online environment called as company brand site. But more studies are needed to be in progress, such as about the ways for company websites or brand sites to have an effective, continuous influence on potential consumers, narrator set-up ways suitable for character of subordinate menus, organizations of minimum narrative and so on.