• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this study, 160 tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.) lines were classified by caffeine content using colorimetric methods. Among them, caffeine-rich lines (HR-78, HR-137, HR-82 and HR-123) and poor lines (HP-85, HP-88, HP-19, and HP-131) were selected. To know the difference in morphological and genetic characters between caffeine-rich and poor lines, we used leaf/shoot growth and RAPD methods. Cluster pattern of morphological characters (leaf width, leaf length, leaf area and shoot length) showed that shoot length was longer in caffein-rich lines than in -poor lines. In genetic analysis, amplified DNA bands having various sizes were detected in RAPD analysis where 30 random primers were used. However, the discriminated primer set that distinguish caffein-rich tree line from -poor lines was not found. These results can be used as the basic data to determine the morphological and genetic differences among caffein-rich and -poor lines.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.233-256
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• 2012

This paper aims to look into various symbolic meanings of the body shown in the film, Avatar (2009, James Cameron), and to ponder over a variety of media strategies carried by the pursuit of the corporality shown in this film. In a nutshell, the body in Avatar is a symbol of primitiveness rather than civilization, and the body language is a fundamental and effective means of communication much better than verbal language. A variety of physical contacts that appeared in many scenes of the movie emphasizes the role of the body as a means of real communication. Also, in the composition of the film dominated by the confrontation of civilization, numerous creatures in the planet Pandora with a variety of colors as well as a number of agencies and large body sizes express primitive richness. The narrative of the film telling the story of a 'moving' body ultimately emphasizes the superiority of the body with respect to consciousness, unlike the narrative of conventional movies dealing with the problems of the body. In addition, the corporality pursued by this film implies several important media strategies. It may reveal a self-reflection of the material civilization and the imperialism, or, on the contrary, an attempt to conceal or dilute them. It may also represent a self-reflection of the overdeveloped media technology, or simply the dilution of it. Finally, it may be an attempt to recover the feeling of "presence", not fully supported by the 3D technology, by the identification of the spectator's body and the character's body.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.220-228
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• 2022

Image always carry useful information, detecting a text from scene images is imperative. The proposed work's purpose is to recognize scene text image, example boarding image kept on highways. Scene text detection on highways boarding's plays a vital role in road safety measures. At initial stage applying preprocessing techniques to the image is to sharpen and improve the features exist in the image. Likely, morphological operator were applied on images to remove the close gaps exists between objects. Here we proposed a two phase algorithm for extracting and recognizing text from scene images. In phase I text from scenery image is extracted by applying various image preprocessing techniques like blurring, erosion, tophat followed by applying thresholding, morphological gradient and by fixing kernel sizes, then canny edge detector is applied to detect the text contained in the scene images. In phase II text from scenery image recognized using MSER (Maximally Stable Extremal Region) and OCR; Proposed work aimed to detect the text contained in the scenery images from popular dataset repositories SVT, ICDAR 2003, MSRA-TD 500; these images were captured at various illumination and angles. Proposed algorithm produces higher accuracy in minimal execution time compared with state-of-the-art methodologies.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+ $p^{cho}$ and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Am $y_{1 to 6}$ at pH 7.0 and Am $y^{l to 5}$ at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Am $y^{6}$ at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Am $y^3$ at pH 8.5) are $\alpha$-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Am $y^{1 to 5}$) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Am $y^4$ at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Am $y^{5}$ at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 ＆ 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 ＆302 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one $\alpha$-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective $\beta$-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of $\beta$-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week $\alpha$-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.s.s.s.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed the novel hierarchical algorithm for the recognition of English calling cards that processes multiresolution images of calling cards hierarchically to extract individual characters and recognizes the extracted characters by using the enhanced neural network method. The hierarchical recognition algorithm generates multiresolution images of calling cards, and each processing step in the algorithm selects and processes the image with suitable resolution for lower processing overhead and improved output. That is, first, the image of 1/3 times resolution, to which the horizontal smearing method is applied, is used to extract the areas including only characters from the calling card image, and next, by applying the vertical smearing and the contour tracking masking, the image of a half time resolution is used to extract individual characters from the character string areas. Lastly, the original image is used in the recognition step, because the image includes the morphological information of characters accurately. And for the recognition of characters with diverse font types and various sizes, the enhanced RBF network that improves the middle layer based on the ART1 was proposed and applied. The results of experiments on a large number of calling card images showed that the proposed algorithm is greatly improved in the performance of character extraction and recognition compared with the traditional recognition algorithms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.723-728
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• 2006

The species of Grateloupia filicina, Grateloupia divaricata in East Sea were investigated taxonmically in order to clarify taxonomic position. The ecological character, external morphology, anatomy of vegetative structure. Blade length are $15{\sim}40\;cm$, erect from discoidal holdfast of $3{\sim}10\;mm$ in diameter. Stipe $1{\sim}2.5\;cm$ long, narrowly cylindrical below, compressed above Grateloupia filicina. Main axis are long and compressed, $3{\sim}7\;mm$ broad in broadest part. Colors are scarlet to light red. Blade length are $10{\sim}25\;cm$, erect from discoidal holdfast of $3{\sim}8\;cm$ in diameter Grateloupia divaricata. Stipe are single and simple $2{\sim}5\;mm$ broad. Thallus composed of cortex and medulla in section ; cortex composed of $9{\sim}10$ layers of anticlinally arranged cortical cell, divided into outer, middle and inner parts. Partial fragments of nuclear 18S rDNAs from the two species of Grateloupia (Rhodophyta) were amplified using the PCR reaction and sequenced to compare their similarity. The partial sequences showed 98.9% similarity each other. Grateloupia filicina has 371 bp sizes and Grateloupia divaricata has 372 bp size. The G+C contents of Grateloupia filicina is 54.3% and Grateloupia divaricata is 53.64%.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2006

As PDA, IMT-2000, and e-Book are developed and popular in these days, the number of users who use these products has been increasing. However, available memory size of these machines is still smaller than that of desktop PCs. In these products, TrueType fonts have been increased in demand because the number of users who want to use good quality fonts has increased, and TrueType fonts are of great use in Windows CE products. However, TrueType fonts take a large portion of available device memory, considering the small memory sizes of mobile devices. Therefore, it is required to reduce the size of TrueType fonts. In this paper, two-phase compression techniques are presented for the purpose of reducing the sire of hangul bitmap data embedded in TrueType fonts. In the first step, each character in bitmap is divided into initial consonant, medial vowel, and final consonant, respectively, then the character is recomposed into the composite bitmap. In the second phase, if any two consonants or vowels are determined to be the same, one of them is removed. The TrueType embedded bitmaps in Hangeul Wanseong (pre-composed) and Hangul Johab (pre-combined) are used in compression. By using our compression techniques, the compression rates of embedded bitmap data for TrueType fonts can be reduced around 35% in Wanseong font, and 7% in Johab font. Consequently, the compression rate of total TrueType Wanseong font is about 9.26%.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

Ceramic foams are prepared as positive images corresponding to a plastic foam structure which exhibits high porosities (85-90%). This structure makes the ceramic foams attractive as a catalyst in a dry reforming process, because it could reduce a high pressure drop problem. This problem causes low mass and heat transfers in the process. Furthermore, the reactants would shortly contact to catalyst surface, thus low conversion could occur. Therefore, this research addressed the preparation of dry reforming catalysts using a sol-gel catalyst preparation via a polymeric sponge method. The specific objectives of this work are to investigate the effects of polymer foam structure (such as porosity, pore sizes, and cell characteristics) on a catalyst performance and to observe the influences of catalyst preparation parameters to yield a replica of the original structure of polymeric foam. To accomplish these objectives industrial waste foams, polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foams, were used as a polymeric template. Results indicated that the porosity of the polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol foams were about 99% and 97%. Their average cell sizes were approximate 200 and 50 micrometres, respectively. The cell characteristics of polymer foams exhibited the character of a high permeability material that can be able to dip with ceramic slurry, which was synthesized with various viscosities, during a catalyst preparation step. Next, morphology of ceramic foams was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and catalyst properties, such as; temperature profile of catalyst reduction, metal dispersion, and surface area, were also characterized by $H_2-TPR$ and $H_2-TPD$ techniques, and BET, respectively. From the results, it was found that metal-particle dispersion was relatively high about 5.89%, whereas the surface area of ceramic foam catalysts was $64.52m^2/g$. Finally, the catalytic behaviour toward hydrogen production through the dry reforming of methane using a fixed-bed reactor was evaluated under certain operating conditions. The approaches from this research provide a direction for further improvement of marketable environmental friendly catalyst production.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to research buying behavior and home fashion preferences based on housing size. The target consumers were Korean women, aged 20~40s who reside in the Seoul & Kyunggido areas. We distributed questionnaires to 650 women. However, only 600 questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS program on the frequency, Chi-square test, cluster analysis, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The considering factors for purchasing such as brand, trends coordinating existing furnishings with new products and functionality were significantly associated with housing size. The buyers who reside in bigger size homes. over 40 pyung place higher value on brand name, trends. or coordinating existing furnishing with new products than residents in smaller units. However, women who live in smaller units place higher value on functionality when purchasing home fashion products. Considering factors such as brand, trend, and materials were also significantly associated with segmented age group; 40~49 age group considered brand, trend, and materials more than 20~29 age group. The group who are highly interested in home fashion considered design/color, rand, coordination, and functionality than the group who are low interested in home fashion. 2. Residents in over 40 pyung homes buy home fashion products at department stores, while residents in less than 39 pyung homes buy them at discounted store. 3. Respondents preferred solid colors more than patterns. However, they favored character pattern for textile bedding products for their children. 4. there is also a statistical difference in preferences for types of window treatments between large ad small housing sizes. Residents living in over 40 pyung preferred tie-back/cottage curtain, while residents living in less than 29 pyung preferred Roman shade style.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1621-1626
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• 2017

This study conducts data visualization of common climax patterns of Korean blockbuster films to analyze shots and evaluate scene (subplot unit) arrangement. For this purpose, a model of editing patterns is used to analyze how many climax patterns a film contains. Moreover, a system, which automatically collects shot images and classifies shot sizes of collected data, is designed to demonstrate that a single scene is composed based on a climax pattern. As a scene is a subplot and thus its arrangement cannot fully be analyzed only by climax patterns, dialogues of starring actors are also used to identify scenes, and the result is compared with data visualization results. It detects dialogues between particular actors and visualizes dialogue formation in a network form. Such network visualization enables the arrangement of main subplots to be analyzed, and the box office performance of a film can be explained by the density of subplots. The study of two types comparison analysis is expected to contribute to planning, plotting, and producing films.