• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.443-451
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• 2008

Memon(1995) pointed out that the groundwater recharge from the precipitation is affected by various factors such as the occurrence, intensity, duration, and seasonal distribution of rainfall; air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity; the character and thickness of the soil layer above the water table; vegetated cover, soil moisture content, depth to the water table, topography; and land use. To reflect above factors, groundwater recharge in Chungju basin is computed by using the SWAT-K which is a longterm continuous watershed hydrologic model. Frequency analysis is adopted to evaluate the existing values of potential amount of groundwater development which is made by the 10 year drought frequency rainfall multiplied by recharge coefficient. In this work, the recharge rates of 10 year drought frequency in subbains were computed and compared with the existing values of potential amount of groundwater development. This process could point out the problems of existing precesses used for computing potential amount of groundwater development.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.721-726
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• 2004

The image binarization is applied frequently as one part of the preprocessing phase for a variety of image processing techniques such as character recognition and image analysis, etc. The performance of binarization algorithms is determined by the selection of threshold value for binarization, and most of the previous binarization algorithms analyze the intensity distribution of the original images by using the histogram and determine the threshold value using the mean value of Intensity or the intensity value corresponding to the valley of the histogram. The previous algorithms could not get the proper threshold value in the case that doesn't show the bimodal characteristic in the intensity histogram or for the case that tries to separate the feature area from the original image. So, this paper proposed the novel algorithm for image binarization, which, first, segments the intensity range of grayscale images to several intervals and calculates mean value of intensity for each interval, and next, repeats the interval integration until getting the final threshold value. The interval integration of two neighborhood intervals calculates the ratio of the distances between mean value and adjacent boundary value of two intervals and determine as the threshold value of the new integrated interval the intensity value that divides the distance between mean values of two intervals according to the ratio. The experiment for performance evaluation of the proposed binarization algorithm showed that the proposed algorithm generates the more effective threshold value than the previous algorithms.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1099-1108
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• 2009

The study of IP address allocation in MANET can be categories into Stateful and Stateless. The one, special node monitors other nodes' IP address and allocates IF address. And the other, node generates IP address by itself. Nodes in MANET have mobility and restricted resource, so Stateless is more suitable than Stateful. But, in Stateless, node requires DAD process because of unique IP address allocation. And Dos attack can be happened in DAD precess. In this paper, we propose a security method on preventing DoS attack against DAD in MANET using one-way hash function. Since, Computation of one-way hash function is suitable for nodes' restricted resource character in MANET. And we evaluate performance using NS2 and compare with other security method which is CGA using signature.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.488-495
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• 2021

We propose a speech recognition system based on conformer. Conformer is known to be convolution-augmented transformer, which combines transfer model for capturing global information with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) for exploiting local feature effectively. The baseline system is developed to be a transfer-based speech recognition using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based language model. The proposed system is a system which uses conformer instead of transformer with transformer-based language model. When Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) speech corpus in AI-Hub is used for our evaluation, the proposed system yields 5.7 % of Character Error Rate (CER) while the baseline system results in 11.8 % of CER. Even though speech corpus is extended into other domain of AI-hub such as NHNdiguest speech corpus, the proposed system makes a robust performance for two domains. Throughout those experiments, we can prove a validation of the proposed system.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.167-195
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• 2012

A Chinese female writer Linhaiyin(林海音) and Chengnanjiushi(城南舊事), her representative work, have never been studied in Korea before although she and her literary works stand high and are well known in the history of the modern Chinese literature. Thus, in this paper, I analyze her and her novels included in Chengnanjiushi and study their literary value and meaning. To analyze and study them, I mainly consider novels Anhuiguan, Womenkanhaiqu, Lanyiniang, $L{\acute{\ddot{u}}}dagunr$, and Babadehuarluole included in Chengnanjiushi. Firstly, I look into her attitude and mode to observe children and women's life as a writer. Such attitude and mode succeeded to the spirit of the '5.4 literature'. Secondly, I evaluate Linhaiyin's 'Both sides complex' and its value in the history of literature. From this evaluation, the meaning of Linhaiyin's literature is highlighted. She was free from 'Both sides complex' occurred due to the circumstance of the times and played a role of a bridge so as not to break off literature of China and Taiwan. When her and her works are evaluated, this is one of the most important values. The characteristic of her writing mode is that she did not seek a compelling climax, a surprising reversal, or an exclusive plot or character in her works. In her works, plain description or unwitting conversation and story often imply deep meanings. Thus, at unexpected moment after reading her novels, readers truly listen to deep resonance for her attitude and mode to observe people's life. This is exactly her potential energy that makes readers sink into her literary world regardless of time and space.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2010

In a previous study, we mapped 12 QTLs for 1,000 grain weight (TGW) in the 172 $BC_2F_2$ lines derived from a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo and O. rufipogon. These QTLs explained 5.4 - 11.4% of the phenotypic variance for TGW. Marker-aided selection combined with backcrosses was employed to develop QTL-NILs for each QTL. $BC_2F_2$ lines with each target QTL were backcrossed to Hwaseongbyeo twice and then allowed to self to produce $BC_4F_5$ populations. SSR markers linked to TGW were employed to select QTL-NILs with the respective target QTL. Six QTL-NILs with the recurrent parent, Hwaseongbyeo were evaluated for nine traits for three years from 2007 and 2009. Differences were observed between each of the 6 QTL-NILs and Hwaseongbyeo in TGW. In addition to TGW, these QTL-NILs displayed differences in other agronomic traits possibly indicating a tight linkage of genes controlling these traits. The direction of the QTL for TGW in 6 QTL-NILs was consistent as in the $BC_2F_2$ lines from the same cross. Difference in TGW between each of the QTL-NILs and Hwaseongbyeo was associated with the difference in one or two grain shape traits; grain length, grain width, and grain thickness. SSR markers linked to the QTL for TGW will facilitate selection of the grain shape character in a breeding program to diversify grain shape and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation. Also, the QTL-NILs developed in this report and the progenies from crosses between the QTL-NILs will be useful in clarifying epistatic interactions among QTLs for TGW.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1765-1794
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• 2019

Genetic Programming (GP) is an intelligence technique whereby computer programs are encoded as a set of genes which are evolved utilizing a Genetic Algorithm (GA). In other words, the GP employs novel optimization techniques to modify computer programs; imitating the way humans develop programs by progressively re-writing them for solving problems automatically. Trial programs are frequently altered in the search for obtaining superior solutions due to the base is GA. These are evolutionary search techniques inspired by biological evolution such as mutation, reproduction, natural selection, recombination, and survival of the fittest. The power of GAs is being represented by an advancing range of applications; vector processing, quantum computing, VLSI circuit layout, and so on. But one of the most significant uses of GAs is the automatic generation of programs. Technically, the GP solves problems automatically without having to tell the computer specifically how to process it. To meet this requirement, the GP utilizes GAs to a "population" of trial programs, traditionally encoded in memory as tree-structures. Trial programs are estimated using a "fitness function" and the suited solutions picked for re-evaluation and modification such that this sequence is replicated until a "correct" program is generated. GP has represented its power by modifying a simple program for categorizing news stories, executing optical character recognition, medical signal filters, and for target identification, etc. This paper reviews existing literature regarding the GPs and their applications in different scientific fields and aims to provide an easy understanding of various types of GPs for beginners.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

MMORPG is a role-playing game that tens of thousands of people access it online at the same time. Users connect to the server through the game client and play with their own characters. If the user moves to a management area of another server beyond the area managed by the server, the user information must be transmitted to the server to be moved. In an actual game, the user is required to synchronize the established and the transferred information. In this paper, we propose a migration agent server in the virtual systems. We implement a seamless virtual server using the grid method to experiment with seamless server architecture for virtual systems. We propose a method to minimize the delay and equalize the load when the user moves to another server region in the virtual environment. Migration Agent acts as a cache server to reduce response time, the response time was reduced by 50% in the case of 70,000 people.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.189-215
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• 2012

This paper reads Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) in light of the 18th-century understanding of 'sympathy' including those of Hume and Smith and also in light of what Michael Hardt in our century has called "affective labor." I argue that the imaginative capacity and "seeing" are crucial in understanding Smith's idea of 'sympathy.' By showing how the monster's ugliness precludes any human character from sympathizing with him, Mary Shelley exposes that Smith's idea of sympathy fails to maintain social harmony. Mary Shelley revises Smith's 'sympathy' and makes it more radical by suggesting that the active affective labor could bridge the epistemological distance lying between the agent concerned and the impartial spectator. I first read Smith's idea of sympathy as an imaginative capacity which is inevitably influenced by 'seeing' and visual perception. Then I analyze the scenes in which the creature in Frankenstein fails to acquire any human sympathy due to his ugliness, and show how the specular nature of 'sympathy' is disrupted when one party is visually ugly and deformed. I conclude that affective labor and active moral reflection on the part of the spectator need to be provided when the agent concerned is 'ugly' and thus challenges our habitual epistemological boundary. Shelley's re-evaluation of Smith's sympathy, thus, suggests that affective labor may not be something that women alone have to perform, but an ethical practice that concerns all human beings and that can transform the otherwise flawed human capacity for sympathy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2021

This study wanted to analyze the types of recognition of messages expressed in clothing for women in their 20s who wear a lot of clothing and fashion products with text. It was intended to provide basic data necessary for the production of typography clothing and fashion products by considering the subjective evaluation of how women in their 20s type the characters expressed in fashion and the characteristics of each type. This study was conducted with the Q method, and the QUANL pc program was used for analysis. Type I thought that letters were a design element and fashion, and the characters expressed in clothes were recognized as images. Type 2 thought it was important that the characters expressed in the clothing were recognized as messages, and that the characters had social messages and period reflections. Type 3 preferred that letters be combined with casual clothes and valued the formability of the characters. Type 4 preferred characters to represent brands and liked to be placed in large positions. In the future, it is thought that additional research by various age groups and genders and detailed research should be conducted to identify differences in font, color, and sentence length.