• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The structure of 2-bit/cell flash memory device was characterized for sub-50 nm non-volatile memory (NVM) technology. The memory cell has spacer-type storage nodes on both sidewalls in a recessed channel region, and is erased (or programmed) by using band-to-band tunneling hot-hole injection (or channel hot-electron injection). It was shown that counter channel doping near the bottom of the recessed channel is very important and can improve the $V_{th}$ margin for 2-bit/cell operation by ${\sim}2.5$ times. By controlling doping profiles of the channel doping and the counter channel doping in the recessed channel region, we could obtain the $V_{th}$ margin more than ${\sim}1.5V$. For a bit-programmed cell, reasonable bit-erasing characteristics were shown with the bias and stress pulse time condition for 2-bit/cell operation. The length effect of the spacer-type storage node is also characterized. Device which has the charge storage length of 40 nm shown better ${\Delta}V_{th}$ and $V_{th}$ margin for 2-bit/cell than those of the device with the length of 84 nm at a fixed recess depth of 100 nm. It was shown that peak of trapped charge density was observed near ${\sim}10nm$ below the source/drain junction.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.133-147
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• 2024

In this study, we examine the components and characteristics of channel brands, the renewal process of channel brands, and the competitiveness of SBS Subusu News and MBC 14F, online channels of Korea's leading terrestrial broadcasting company. We conducted in-depth interviews with staffs YouTube news channels such as Subusu News and 14F. First, examining the brand components and characteristics of SBS's Subusu News and MBC's 14F vertical channel, Subs News maintained its direction through the renewal of the logo type, graphic characterization, emoticon production, and campaign design production. 14F focused on brand renewal of the logo type and modification of thumbnail design to reveal the identity of the channel brand. Subusu News and 14F have achieved success through a spin-off approach that considers content relevance, expanding their brand extension. As a result of analyzing the competitiveness of the channel brand, Subusu News maintained its identity as a combination of B-class sensibility and journalism, while 14F positioned itself as a channel that delivers useful information content.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1993

Most of voltage operated $Ca^{2+}$ channels can be divided into three types (T-, N-, and L-type), according to the electrical and pharmacological properties. Their distribution is closely related to cell specific functions. Properties of the voltage activated $Ca^{2+}$ current in mouse eggs were examined to classify channel types and to deduce the function by using whole cell voltage clamp technique. $Ca^{2+}$ currents appeared below -40 mV and reached a maximum at -15 mV (half maximum was -31 mV), then decayed rapidly (inactivation time constant ${\tau}=28.2{\pm}9.59$ ms at -10 mV within 50 ms after the onset of step depolarization. Activation and inactivation of the $Ca^{2+}$ channel was steeply dependent on voltage, in a relatively low range of $-70\;mV{\sim}-10 mV,$ half maximum of activation was -31 mV and that of inactivation was -39 mV, respectively. This current was not decreased significantly by nifedipine, a specific dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker in the range of $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100{\mu}M.$ The inhibitory effect of $Ni^{2+}\;on\;Ca^{2+}$ current was greater than that of $Cd^{2+}.$ The conductance of $Ba^{2+}$ through the channel was equal to or lower than that of $Ca^{2+}$ These results implied that $Ca^{2+}$ current activated at a lower voltage in the mouse egg is carried via a $Ca^{2+}$ channel with similar properties that of the T-type channel.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2006

Melittin-induced nociceptive responses are mediated by selective activation of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers and are modulated by excitatory amino acid receptor, cyclooxygenase, protein kinase C and serotonin receptor. The present study was undertaken to investigate the peripheral and spinal actions of voltage-gated calcium channel antagonists on melittin-induced nociceptive responses. Changes in mechanical threshold and number of flinchings were measured after intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of melittin $(30\;{\mu}g/paw)$ into mid-plantar area of hindpaw. L-type calcium channel antagonists, verapamil [intrathecal (i.t.), 6 or $12\;{\mu}g$; i.pl.,100 & $200\;{\mu}g$; i.p., 10 or 30 mg], N-type calcium channel blocker, ${\omega}-conotoxin$ GVIA (i.t., 0.1 or $0.5\;{\mu}g$; i.pl., $5\;{\mu}g$) and P-type calcium channel antagonist, ${\omega}-agatoxin$ IVA (i.t., $0.5\;{\mu}g$; i.pl., $5\;{\mu}g$) were administered 20 min before or 60 min after i.pl. injection of melittin. Intraplantar pre-treatment and i.t. pre- or post-treatment of verapamil and ${\omega}-conotoxin$ GVIA dose-dependently attenuated the reduction of mechanical threshold, and melittin-induced flinchings were inhibited by i.pl. or i.t. pre-treatment of both antagonists. P-type calcium channel blocker, ${\omega}-agatoxin$ IVA, had significant inhibitory action on flinching behaviors, but had a limited effect on melittin-induced decrease in mechanical threshold. These experimental findings suggest that verapamil and ${\omega}-conotoxin$ GVIA can inhibit the development and maintenance of melittin-induced nociceptive responses.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.1422-1428
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• 2009

독립형 무선 인지 시스템은 보통 채널에 대한 면허를 가지는 기사용자가 사용하지 않는 빈 채널을 사용하는 2차 사용자로서 동작한다. 기존연구에서는 이와 같은 2차 사용자가 가용한 채널을 찾을 때, 순차 혹은 무작위로 채널을 선택하여 기사용자의 사용 유무를 확인하였다. 하지만 이러한 방법은 무선 채널의 특성에 맞지 않다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 이전에 채널을 기사용자가 사용한 경우를 고려하여 가중치 값을 결정하고, 각 채널별 상태 값 중에서 작은 순서대로 채널을 선택함으로써 빈 채널을 찾는데 소요되는 시간을 줄이는 방법을 제안하고, 2차 사용자의 평균 채널 찾기 시간과 평균 전송 횟수의 관점에서 순차적, 무작위적 방법과 그 성능을 비교 분석 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.879-882
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션을 통해 채널 폭과 채널 도핑 형태에 따른 수직형 나노와이어 GAA MOSFET의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 첫 번째로, 드레인의 끝부분을 20nm로 고정시키고 소스의 끝부분이 30nm, 50nm, 80nm, 110nm로 식각된 모양으로 설계한 구조의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 두 번째로는 드레인, 채널, 소스의 폭이 50nm로 일정한 직사각형 모양의 구조를 설계하였다. 이 구조를 기준으로 삼아 드레인의 끝부분이 20nm가 되도록 식각된 사다리꼴 모양과 반대로 소스의 끝부분이 20nm가 되도록 식각된 역 사다리꼴 모양의 구조를 설계하여 위 세 구조의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 마지막으로는 폭 50nm의 직사각형 구조의 채널을 다섯 구간으로 나누어 도핑 형태를 다양하게 변화시킨 것의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 첫 번째 시뮬레이션에서는 채널 폭이 가장 작을 때, 두 번째 시뮬레이션에서는 사다리꼴 모양의 구조일 때, 세 번째 시뮬레이션에서는 채널의 중앙 부분이 높게 도핑 되었을 때 가장 좋은 특성을 보였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1122-1130
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• 2001

Recently the importance of distribution channel design has been focused on due to a turbulent environment. The channel design strategy involves the choice of an optimal channel arrangement including channel width, channel depth, the types of intermediaries to be used, and the specific responsibilities of each channel member. The purpose of this paper is to investigate changes of distribution intensity in the infant & children's wear brand from 1997 to 1999, when Korea has faced changes before and after IMF intervention that influenced the Korean economy greatly. Thus, this study provides channel managers with some guidelines for establishing and adjusting the infant & children's wear channel strategies. The data is collected by the Korean Fashion Brand Annual published by Apparel News Co., from 1997 to 1999. infant & children's wear brands are selected and analyzed with Pearson correlation. Statistic analysis has shown different results in the type of brands in terms of distribution intensity. The type of brands between infant's wear and those for children differ in price and launching period. In the case of infant's wear brands, the launching period and total sales should be considered in designing channel distributions, while for children's brands total sales are significant. As the price increases, children's wear brands are significantly linked to their distribution intensity only in certain times at the starting point of IMF intervention. IMF intervention do not seem to influence the distribution intensity of infant's wear brands much as it did children's wear brands. It seems that the infant's wear industry is more stable than the children s wear industry. As a result, the marketer who plans distribution intensity for the infant's and children's wear brands should consider total sales, the launching period and the price according to the type of brands he deals with.

• 광산업정보
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• 통권17호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2003

We have developed a single integrated wavelengh selection type - 8channel light source module. This module oscillates in 8 wavelengh at 200GHz(1.6nm) ITU channel intervals within the c-band (1530~1560nm), and can transmit at 1.25Gbps level.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2016

This paper proposes an adaptive channel estimation scheme for OFDM-based IEEE 802.11ad wireless local area network (WLAN). The standard supports two types of information of OFDM packets for estimating the communication channels, which are the channel estimation field (CEF) of preamble and pilot subcarriers. The CEF-based channel estimation provides better BER (bit error rate) performance at slow fading channel state, whereas the pilot-based channel estimation is good at fast fading channel state. Hence, a combined channel estimation method is introduced to improve the performance. The prediction of the channel state to select the proper channel estimation method is required. In this work, an adaptive channel estimation scheme is also proposed to improve the performance of channel estimation (CE). Basing on a channel quality indicator (CQI), the proper channel estimation method corresponding to the channel type is decided.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.447-453
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• 1999

In MHD power generation system, enthalpy of the working gas is convened to electric power directly through expansion in generator channel. It means that electric power can be generated without a moving mechanical linkage such as turbine blades. The principle of MHD generation is based on Faraday'law of induction that eletromotive force(u$\times$B) is generated when the working gas of velocity u flows a channel in which magnetic field of strength(B) exists. In this paper, helium gas seeded with cesium is used as working gas. There are two types of generator in MHD generation; linear type faraday and disk type hall generator. Rogowski coils having the bandwidth of the 100(Hz) ~ 20(kHz) were used for measuring current flowing MHD disk channel. Optimum load resistor value of the MHD generator studied was 2.5[$\Omega$]. Disk type hall generator's generation performance is the main target of this paper, which superiors to linear type Faraday generator in many points. Isentropic efficiency and enthalpy extraction rate of disk type shock tube driven hall generator is discussed here.