• Title/Summary/Keyword: Change of length

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Analysis of Body Surface Change from 3D Scan Data of Men's Upper Bodies in Twenties - Focus on Application of Motorcycle Jacket Pattern - (3차원 인체데이터에 의한 20대 성인남성 상반신 체표변화 분석 - 모터사이클복 패턴설계시 적용을 중심으로 -)

  • Do, Wol-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.530-541
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    • 2008
  • The early stage of 3D anthropometry data has been used to obtain qualitative rather than quantitative information. However recent 3D body scanners as a common research tool for anthropormatric measurments have made it possible to obtain body surface data of sufficient resolution and accuracy. The purpose of this study is finally to develop motorcycle jacket for enhanced comfort and fit, to test the accuracy and reliability of 3D measurments of motorcycle riding posture, and to analyze the change in 20's adult male's body surface measurements between the standard anthropometric position and motorcycle riding posture. The results of this study were as follows: There were no significant differences between the study and Size Korea measurments in total traditional measuring items and most of measuring items, such as length, circumference antropometric items and interscye items though not waist back length and upper arm circumference. A comparison of 3D body surface measurments in the two different measuring postures, the bodysurface measurments such as waist front length, biacromion length, front interscye, arm length, underarm length in the motorcycle riding posture decreased than that in basic posture, whereas waist back length, back interscye, C.T.W length increased. The body surface measurments such as chest, bust, upper circumference in the motorcycle riding posture decreased than that in basic posture, whereas neck, waist, hip, elbow circumference increased.

A Study on the Change of Waist Pattern by Upper Limb Motion -By the Method of Tight Fitting Technique- (상지동작에 따른 길의 변화에 관한 연구 -입체재단법을 중심으로-)

  • 이은정;박정순
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.113-127
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    • 1996
  • In this study, the pattern was copied by the method of Tight Fitting Techinque, which resulted from the changed body by the upper limb motion-front-vertical motion(or vertical motion in front), side-vertical motion, and horizontal motion. And, this study analyzed the change of the pattern and the observed items dimension changed to the pattern. The results are as follows: 1. In the observation of the degree of the pattern change according to the motion of upper limb, the result provides that the motion change in the range of $135^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$ is the largest in front-vertical motion, $45^{circ}~90^{\circ}$ in side-vertical motion, and $0^{circ}~45^{\circ}$ in horizontal motion respectively. 2. The probability test result of the items of the motion is more related with the horizontal width item rather than the vertical length item in the front and back pattern where the back pattern has more effect than the front pattern. And the upper limb-surrounding items are more related than any otheer item. 3. The change of the pattern according to the motion shows the decrese of the neck width and the shoulder legth, the rising of the point of shoulder (or shoulder point) and armpit point, the decrease of the pattern width and the increase of the pattern length. As the angle of the motion grows vertically motion. The change of the shoulder length in the horizontal motion is smaller than that vertical. But as the angle of the motion grows horizontally, it has a tendency of decreas in th width of the front patten and the length of the pattern, whereas the width of the back pattern is noticeably increases.

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Analytical Model of Threshold Voltage for Negative Capacitance Junctionless Double Gate MOSFET Using Ferroelectric (강유전체를 이용한 음의 정전용량 무접합 이중 게이트 MOSFET의 문턱전압 모델)

  • Hakkee Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.129-135
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    • 2023
  • An analytical threshold voltage model is presented to observe the change in threshold voltage shift ΔVth of a junctionless double gate MOSFET using ferroelectric-metal-SiO2 as a gate oxide film. The negative capacitance transistors using ferroelectric have the characteristics of increasing on-current and lowering off-current. The change in the threshold voltage of the transistor affects the power dissipation. Therefore, the change in the threshold voltage as a function of theferroelectric thickness is analyzed. The presented threshold voltage model is in a good agreement with the results of TCAD. As a results of our analysis using this analytical threshold voltage model, the change in the threshold voltage with respect to the change in the ferroelectric thickness showed that the threshold voltage increased with the increase of the absolute value of charges in the employed ferroelectric. This suggests that it is possible to obtain an optimum ferroelectric thickness at which the threshold voltage shift becomes 0 V by the voltage across the ferroelectric even when the channel length is reduced. It was also found that the ferroelectric thickness increased as the silicon thickness increased when the channel length was less than 30 nm, but the ferroelectric thickness decreased as the silicon thickness increased when the channel length was 30 nm or more in order to satisfy ΔVth=0.

Sulfate Resistance of Cement Matrix Containing Limestone Powder

  • Moon Han-Young;Jung Ho-Seop;Lee Seung-Tae;Kim Jong-Pil
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.16 no.3 s.81
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    • pp.433-440
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    • 2004
  • In order to improve the performance of concrete, generally, modern cements often incorporate several mineral admixtures. In this study, the experimental included the flow value, air content of mortar containing limestone powder and length change and compressive strength of mortar specimen immersed in sulfate solutions. From the experimental results, the limestone powder cement matrices improved the physical properties and sulfate resistance of cement matrices at $10\%$ replacement ratio of limestone powder. The $30\%$ replacement ratio of limestone powder was significantly deteriorated in sodium sulfate solution. Irrespective of fineness levels of limestone powder, length change and SDF of mortar specimens with only $10\%$ replacement was much superior to the other replacements.

Study on the Effect on the Development Design of Headed Deformed Bars by change of ACI 318-19 (ACI 318-19 변경에 따른 확대머리철근 정착설계의 영향분석)

  • Lee, Byung Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2019.11a
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    • pp.110-111
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    • 2019
  • In ACI 318-19 published recently, the conditions and development length equation to use the headed deformed bars were changed considerably. Although the use of the larger-diameter(No.14 and 18) headed deformed bars isn't yet permitted, the use of the high strength(80,000psi) headed deformed bars is permitted and the effect of bar-diameter($d_b$) on the development length is increased considerably. Therefore, structures using larger-diameter headed deformed bars will be expected to be affected by this code change. We will study the effect of the code change on the development design and find out the design optimization method to minimize the effect of the changed conditions and development length equation.

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Characteristics of Concrete Length Change Rate according to Premixed Cement Types and CGS replacement rate (프리믹스 시멘트 종류 및 CGS 치환에 따른 콘크리트의 길이변화율 특성)

  • Han, Jun-Hui;Kim, Su-Hoo;Beak, Sung-Jin;Han, Soo-Hwan;Kim, Jong;Han, Min-Cheol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2022.04a
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    • pp.154-155
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    • 2022
  • In this study, propose a plan to efficiently utilize CGS, a by-product generated from IGCC, as a mixed fine aggregate for concrete. The effect of the premixed cement types and CGS replacement rate on the overall characteristics and length change rate of concrete was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the effect of CGS was found to be insignificant, and the effect of cement was found to be dominant.

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The Study on the Length Change of Concrete Used Expansive Admixture (팽창성 혼화재를 사용한 콘크리트의 길이변화 특성)

  • 민정기;김영익;서대석;김인수;성찬용
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 1999.10c
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    • pp.289-293
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    • 1999
  • This research was performed to evaluate the longitudinal length change ratio of concrete used the expansive admixture. As the results of this study, the compressive strength was shown the highest value at the used 10% expansive admixture both of the dry and wet curing condition. And the length change ration was shown higher 0.0316% and 0.0529 % than that of control in wet and dry curing condition. But this value was not enough to recover the shrinkage occuring by dry shrinkage. According to this study , we have obtained 10% on normal portland cement concrete as the optimum replacement ration of expansive admixture.

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Analysis of Changes in Hand Length Dimensions by Hand Motion for Glove Design (장갑 설계 적용을 위한 손동작에 따른 손체표의 길이변화 분석)

  • Kwon, O-Chae;Sun, Mee-Sun;Jung, Ki-Hyo;Lee, Min-Jeong;Yeon, Soo-Min;You, Hee-Cheon;Kim, Hee-Eun
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2005
  • A glove design which reflects the changes in hand surface by hand motion can reduce the undesirable effects of use of gloves on hand performance. The present study examined changes in hand length dimensions due to hand motion and identified significant factors affecting the length changes. Recruiting 120 males and females in their 20s and 30s having various hand lengths, this study measured 10 hand length dimensions, defined at 2 hand areas(phalangeal and metacarpal areas) for 5 digits, when the hand is stretched and in fist, and then calculated the percentage of length increase for each dimension. ANOVA and simple-effect analyses showed the length change percentages were mainly different depending on digit and hand area: 111-127% at the phalangeal area and 112-116% at the metacarpal area. The length change percentages of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers in the phalangeal area ascended in order and showed a high correlation(r = 0.94)with the ranges of motion of the fingers.

Trend of Climatic Growing Season using Average Daily Temperature (1971~2013) in Suwon, Korea (일평균기온(1971~2013)을 이용한 수원지역의 기후학적 식물생육기간의 변화 경향)

  • Jung, Myung-Pyo;Shim, Kyo-Moon;Kim, Yong-Seok;Choi, In-Tae;So, Kyu-Ho
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.285-289
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    • 2014
  • The extension of growing season (GS) across the Northern Hemisphere have been linked to increasing temperature, related with global warming. Therefore, in this study, The start, end, and length of GS in Suwon, Korea from 1971 to 2013 based on observed daily mean air temperature are examined using three indices. The GS starts on average after $98.598.5{\pm}1.42$ Julian days and ends after $318.7{\pm}1.08$ Julian days. The average length of GS is $220.2{\pm}2.09$ Julian days. The length of GS in Suwon from 1971 to 2013 has been extended by 6.8 days/decade with an earlier onset of the GS (-4.1 days/decade) and later end of the GS (2.7 days/decade). This change may be due to an advanced start of the GS in spring rather than later end of the GS. In further study, it is necessary to select an index carefully to find the most suitable one for Korea.

An Ergonomic Study of the Sleeve Pattern According to Arm Movement -on Expansion and Contraction of the Skin Surface of the Arm- (팔의 동작에 따른 소매 원형의 인간공학적 연구 -팔의 피부면 신축을 중심으로-)

  • 함옥상
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.21-32
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    • 1981
  • Clothing must have the individual beauty and the function that one can do one's body movement freely. therefore, from the human engineering view point, the exact measurement of the human body and the analysis of it's results must be applied to clothing because the arm works most. In this study, the skin surface of arm was investigated by shell made of Alginate of each movement. And by sometic method the rate of expansion and contraction of each section, inter-relation among the bust girth, axillary arm girth and scye girth and between the shoulder length right and the under axilla waist length were calculate4d. With these results, cap height, breadth of a sleeve and arm hole girth of existing sleeve pattern have been compared and analysed. The results are as follows; 1) According to the developmental figures of shell, the whole area change was small but that of shape was remarkable in M 4, 9, 13. The change of the Block 1 was particular. 2) Over arm length was contracted in all movements except M6 and under arm length expanded. The changes of sections a, b, c are large, while those of sections d, e are small. 3) In terms of latitudes, change of fore-arm region was small. The rate of scye girth varied from 14.3% of M13 to-5.6% of M2. The breadth of a sleeve expanded in all movements, and especially the front region expanded more than the back. 4) The relation between the shoulder length right and under axilla waist length, in all occasions, was contracted mutually, and one contracted, the other expanded. Therefore, in clothing construction when we consider the function of the arm it is better to widen the arm hole and the breadth of a sleeve at the same time than no widen the shoulder length by lowering the upper part of the upper side seam line.

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