• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 Proceeding of CIN-KIN Joint Symposium 2000 on M.E.T. Under STCW 78/95 and SINO-KOREA MARITIME CONTACT IN MID-CENTURIES
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• pp.185-190
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• 2000

The concept of Chang Po-Go phenomenon is put forward and discussed in this paper from the point of view of international rationships in north-east Asia. Superfically, Chang Po-Go phenomenon showed trade prosperity on north-east Asia seas, but he nature of the phenomenon lies in the rising and strengthening of korea sea power. As works of the combination of general environment and individual heroism Chang Po-Go phenomenon can bring us some enlightenment on reform and open policy.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.257-281
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 9세기 신라 청해진에 본거지를 두고 일본, 중국, 신라 등 동양 삼국 해양을 경영하며 통합물류체제를 구축했던 장보고시대를 고찰하여 시사점을 도출하고 현재 동북아 물류체계의 구축 필요성을 알아보며 장보고시대의 물류체계를 오늘날 근대적 물류개념에 입각하여 현대적 응용 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 동북아 3국의 물류협력의 필요성이 증가함에 따라 새로운 물류협력의 패러다임 장보고시대의 교훈을 중심으로 살펴본 결과 장보고의 장기적 비전을 갖춘 CEO의 지도력, 물류활동의 통합체제 구축, 민간기업을 지원해 주는 정부의 정책 지원이 있어야 동북아물류체계구축의 전망이 밝은 것으로 연구되었다. 동북아시아가 세계경제의 중심으로 부상하고 있는 시점에서 9세기 해상물류네트워크를 구축한 장보고의 국경을 초월한 물류분야의 협력 모델이 동북아지역의 물류협력체계 구축에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 Proceeding of CIN-KIN Joint Symposium 2000 on M.E.T. Under STCW 78/95 and SINO-KOREA MARITIME CONTACT IN MID-CENTURIES
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• pp.205-218
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• 2000

Hull forms of Jiao Yi Ship for shipping and foreign trade in Silla and Tang Dynasty were transformed and developed in accordance to their voyage and rational routes. The trade ship was a sea ship, used by Chang Po Go's, the Silla great sea merchant ship, in the marine trade with China during the 8th and 9th century. It is not easy to presume the hull type and trade formal of Chang Po Go's Jiao Yi Ship of the 8th and 9th Century. Studying on the ship type of the trade ship is the urgent problem to be solved, in the sphere of leaning about the history of communication between China and Korea. The authors take the initial prove into this subjects, by researching Chang Po Go's marine activities, and point out that the trade ship's original type should be the Sha Ship which was the sea ship sailing th sea in northern China, in the Tang Dynasty. This study aims to present materials concerning hull forms of Chang Po Go's Jian Yi Ship by analysing ancient voyage history, foreign trade history, and ship history of Silla, Tang and Japan during the 8th and 9th century.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influences of hyaluronic acid on the candidacidal activities of lysozyme, the peroxidase system, and the glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase (GO-PO) system at different concentrations of antimicrobial enzymes. Methods: Hyaluronic acid was used at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was used at concentrations ranging from 10 to $100{\mu}g/mL$. The peroxidase system included bovine lactoperoxidase (bLPO), potassium thiocyanate (KSCN, 1 mM), and hydrogen peroxide ($100{\mu}M$). The GO-PO system included bLPO, KSCN (1 mM), glucose oxidase (10 units/mL), and glucose ($30{\mu}g/mL$). The final concentration of bLPO in the peroxidase and GO-PO systems ranged from 12.5 to $100{\mu}g/mL$. Candida albicans strains ATCC 10231, 11006, and 18804 were utilized. Candidacidal activities of antimicrobials and the influence of hyaluronic acid on their candidacidal activities were determined based on colony forming units. Results: Candidacidal activities of the peroxidase and GO-PO systems increased with increasing concentrations of bLPO. This tendency was the same in the presence or absence of hyaluronic acid. Candidacidal activity of HEWL was not significantly concentration-dependent. Candidacidal activities of the GO-PO system were higher than those of the corresponding peroxidase system. Candidacidal activity was inhibited in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the following order: HEWL, the peroxidase system, and the GO-PO system. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid inhibited the candidacidal activities of HEWL, the peroxidase system, and the GO-PO system. The GO-PO system exhibited better candidacidal activity than HEWL and the peroxidase system both in the presence and absence of hyaluronic acid.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1063-1076
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• 2022

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (HIL) as protein and protease on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal microflora, and gas emission in growing pig. In experiment 1, the seventy-two crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial body weight (BW) of 27.98 ± 2.95 kg were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments (3 pigs per pen and 6 replicates pen per treatments). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two diets (Poultry offal diets and HIL diets) without or with supplementing protease. The poultry offal in basal diet has been replaced by HIL. In experiment 2, the four crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial BW of 28.2 ± 0.1 kg were individually accepted in stainless steel metabolism cages. The dietary treatments included: 1) PO- (PO-; poultry offal diet), 2) PO+ (PO- + 0.05% protease), 3) HIL- (3% PO of PO- diet was replacement 3% HIL), 4) HIL+ (HIL- + 0.05% protease). In experiment 1, From weeks 0 to 2, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) were significantly increased in the PO diet group compared with the HIL group. From weeks 2 to 4, ADG and G:F were higher for protease group than for non-protease group. At weeks 2 and 4, the PO diet group had lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels than HIL diet group. In experiment 2, crude protein (CP) and nitrogen (N) retention were decreased by HIL diet at weeks 2 and 4. The fecal microflora and gas emission were not affected by HIL and protease. The HIL diet showed lower CP digestibility than PO diet and total essential amino acids digestibility tended to higher in PO diet than HIL diet. In summary, the present study revealed that replacement of the PO protein with the HIL protein and the additive of protease in growing pig diets during the overall experimental period had no negative effect.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2013

최근 일부 연구자들은 9세기 장보고 휘하의 신라인들이 항해에 나침반과 첨저선을 이용하여 동북아 해역을 자유롭게 항해하였다고 주장하고 있다. 그러나 항해에 나침반이 이용된 것은 중국이 11세기이고, 유럽이 12세기이다. 게다가 우리 선조들은 평저선을 사용하였다는 것이 학계의 중론이다. 이 논문은 중국 주산군도에서 흑산도를 잇는 동중국해 사단항로(서해남부 사단항로)의 이용 시점에 관하여 해양기상학적 관점에서 재검토해 보려는 시도이다. 이를 위해 고대 동중국해 사단항로에 관한 이제까지의 연구성과를 정리한 뒤, 동중국해의 해황(海況)을 바람과 해류, 안개를 중심으로 살펴보고, 뗏목으로 동중국해를 항해함으로써 장보고 선단이 동중국해 사단항로를 이용하였음을 입증하였다는 주장을 비판적으로 재구성해 보았다. 분석 결과 6 7월 해황은 동중국해 사단항로의 범주 항해가 가능함을 보여주고 있지만, 그것도 기상 조건이 아주 유리했을 경우에 한하여 한정적으로 가능했음을 확인하였다. 뗏목 탐사의 경우 제시된 항로도와 실제 선위간 이동경로와는 다소 상이하였고, 속력 또한 1.7 2노트 내외로 빠르게, 그것도 직선에 가깝게 이동한 것으로 분석되어 아주 이례적이었음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 명확한 사료와 확실한 근거가 없는 한 동중국해 사단항로는 1068년 이후 주항로로 이용되었다는 설이 견지되어야함을 재확인하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2021

Objectives: As the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) increases worldwide, systematic verification of the safety of HMPs is required. The induction of cardiotoxicity is one of the major factors in post-approval withdrawal of medicinal products, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment is emerging as an important step in drug development. In the present study, we evaluated human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel-related cardiotoxicity to predict the risk of cardiac arrhythmia in thirteen herbal medicines known to have cardiac toxicity. Methods: We measured the inhibition rate of hERG potassium channel activity of 13 medicinal herbal extracts in hERG-expressing HEK 293 cells using an automated patch-clamping system. Quinidine was used as a positive control for inhibition of hERG activity. Results: Extracts of Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber potently inhibited the activity of hERG, and IC₅₀ values were 3.158, 19.87, and 41.26 ㎍/mL, respectively. Cnidi Fructus, Ephedra Herba, Lithospermi Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Visci Ramulus et Folium, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma, and Scolopendra weakly inhibited hERG activity, and the IC₅₀ value for each herbal medicine was more than 400 ㎍/mL. Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber and two types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Po and Yeom) had weak inhibitory activity against hERG, and the IC₅₀ values were more than 700 ㎍/mL. The IC₅₀ value of quinidine against hERG was 1.021 𝜇M. Conclusion: Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber acted as potent inhibitors against hERG. These herbal medicines may cause cardiac arrhythmia through QT prolongation, so care should be taken when taking them.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.859-879
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• 2004

As a result of research, the characteristics of the general costumes from the king Young-Cho period to the king Jung-Cho period in Genre Paintings of Mung-Hyun Oho, Yong Yun, In-Sang Lee, Hee-Eon Kang follows. First, the typical man wore his hair in a topknot(sangtu), and put on 'Bung-gu-ji', 'Lip', or a scarf on his head. The length of the 'Jeogori'(Korean traditional jacket) was long enough to cover the waist. Dress for work had side slits, and had half length sleeve Jeogori, and short pants looked like 'Jam-bang-i'. They went barefoot and wore 'Jipsin'(Korean traditional straw shoes). Dress for outdoor was 'Po' that knot at front of chest by band. 'Baji'(slacks) were with knot below knee, worn 'Hang-jun'(ankle band) and the width of slacks was suitable. They were 'Beoseon'(Korean traditional socks) and shoes. Second those in the upperc1ass and those in the military put on 'Mang-geon', 'Gat', 'Sa-bang-gan', 'Tang-geon', 'Bok-geon' on their head on a topknot. Most of them wore 'So-chang-i', 'Jung-chi-mag' or 'Do-po'. The length of Jeogori covered the waist or the hip and were tied with 'Go-rum'(ribbon). Baji was tied with Hang-jun and 'Dae-nim'. The waist of the slacks were tied with a dark colored waist-band and folded down their waist of slacks. They wore white color Beoseon and 'Hye' or dark color leather shoes. They wore 'Sup'(assistant of arm) for bow. It showed the lifestyle of the 18C with fan, 'Be-ru', 'Mug', 'Yun-jug', teacup, pot, etc. Third, child's hair was short or knotted to the back of the head. The length of Jeogori reached waist line, Git of Jeogori was 'Dunggurai-Kit'(shape of round) and other style Jeogori, which reached the hip line, had side-slit. Baji was tied with Dae-nim, and the width of the slacks is suitable. They hang 'Yum-nang'(Pocket). Final, most women worked outdoors wearing their hair in a high twisted style, or covered it with scarf. They wore Jeogori and 'Chima'(Korean traditional skirts), Bagi. They folded up the sleeves of the Jeogori. And they folded the 'Jambang-i-styled' pants to just above the knees, fastening at the waist. When they wore skirts, they also wore underpants under the skirt that went down to the knees. Most of them went barefoot and wore straw shoes, Jipsin. Through genre paintings, we can understand the ways and forms of our ancestor's clothing. And with our understanding, interest, and passion, we can be familiar with Hanbok in our daily life by succeeding and creating its peculiar style. And then we can promote the globalization of Hanbok.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2008

Muck (Korean traditional starch jelly) is very unique and the one of the oldest starch processing traditional food. The typical ingredients for making muck such as acorns, mungbean and buckwheat have been eaten since the new stone age or even before that era. This study was for investigation on the history of muck and its processing methods in the ancient and the modern culinary literatures from the 1400’s to 1900’s. The summary of the reviews was as follows. In the ages from the 1400’s to 1700’s, using starch powder, Se-myon and Chang-myon were made and their shape were like noodles instead of cubical shape. It was after the 1700’s that muck making methods were revealed in the literature, like ${\ulcorner}Gyeong-do-jabji{\lrcorner}$ (1730) and${\ulcorner}Go-sa-sib-e-jib{\lrcorner}$ (1737). The naming of muck might be from the time after 1800’s, in${\ulcorner}Myoung-mul-kiryak {\lrcorner}$ (around 1870) the basis of the names of Choeng-po (white mungbean jelly) and Whang-po (yellow mungbean jelly) could be found. One of the most well-known muck dish, Tang-pyeong-chae, was recorded many old literatures, so it was found that Tang-pyeong-chae was very popular and governmental policy of Tang-pyeong-chak influenced the food of the common people. In ${\ulcorner}Shi-eui-jeon-seo{\lrcorner}$ (late 1800’s) there were records of several types of muck and starch powder making methods in detail which were handed down to the modern ages.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1457-1464
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• 2013

We investigated the optimal conditions for keratinase production by feather-degrading Pseudomonas geniculata H10 using one variable at a time (OVT) method. The optimal medium composition and cultural condition for keratinase production were determined to be glucose 0.15% (w/v), beef extract 0.08% (w/v), $KH_2PO_4$ 0.12% (w/v), $K_2HPO_4$ 0.02% (w/v), NaCl 0.07% (w/v), $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.03%, $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ 0.04% along with initial pH 10 at 200 rpm and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The production yield of keratinase was 31.6 U/ml in an optimal condition, showing 4.6-fold higher than that in basal medium. The strain H10 also showed plant growth promoting activities. This strain had ammonification activity and produced indoleacetic acid (IAA), siderophore and a variety of hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, lipase and chitinase. Therefore, this study showed that P. geniculata H10 could be not only used to upgrade the nutritional value of feather wastes but also useful in situ biodegradation of feather wastes. Moreover, it is also a potential candidate for the development of biofertilizing agent applicable to crop plant soil.