• 한국가구학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2004

German Baroque and Rococo styles in furniture design show three types because of political and geographical conditions - Northern style from Holland and England, Middle one from France, Southern one from Italy, The German's Baroque style, however, emphasized in practicality and metamorphosed form and material using the motive of plant trunk, flame pattern, and Akanthus leaf. Furniture of German Rococo surrounding space, and chairs two-dimensional curved lines than flower, ribbon, and lattice. style was designed form and color becomingly with were displayed decorations of more pictorial and structural forms, using the pattern of palm tree leaf, clam, flower, ribbon, and lattice.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.103-104
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• 2013

As a result of experimenting 6 loading combustibles in domestic residential facilities by using Furniture Calorimeter, values of 2,391.26kW were appeared from sofas, 1,891.80kW from drawers, 1,778.95kW from mattress, 1,104kW from chairs, 291kW from tables, and 135.09kW from TV. Also, if applying α value of fire growing rate by classifying fire- growing speeds at NFPA 72 (National Fire Alarm Code 2007, Annex B), mattress can be defined as Ultra-Fast, sofa and drawers Fast, TV Slow, tables Slow, and chairs Medium.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2006

Fredrick Krause's chair in the Brooklyn Museum of Art (accession no. 87. 19) is a key to the understanding of factory-made, patent furniture, and the Modern Gothic style in the United States. However, research has rarely done for this chair as well as for the designer. Since this piece is incorporating the utility patent, it is a valuable example to understand the nineteenth-century patented furniture. Because of the popularity of Modern Gothic style, the similar style of chairs were often manufactured. This study explores how other examples are related and what the significance of the Brooklyn Museum chair is. The book of Sharon Darling provided especially helpful information about other Krause chairs in Fond du Lac and chair manufactures in Chicago. The interview with John Ebert at Galloway House in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin was especially helpful. Several primary sources proved helpful in researching the chair. The photo archives. of Kimbel and Cabus at the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum provides me a key to this research.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2004

가구디자인사에서 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는 의자를 대상으로 하여 객관적인 데이터가 될 수 있는 구조분석을 위해, 현대에 디자인 의도를 가지고 생산된 347개의 의자 샘플을 발췌하였다. 이 의자들에 모두 적용될 수 있는 분류기준을 정하고, 거기에 준하여 43개의 각기 다른 구조들의 경우로 정리하였다. 이를 통해 형태적 연관성을 가지는 6개의 구조연계성을 찾아볼 수 있으며 이것의 특징을 분석함으로써 의자구조를 보는 하나의 통시적인 눈을 제안해 본다.

• 주택과사람들
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• 통권191호
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• pp.34-35
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• 2006

디자인을 보면 그 시대의 사회적 · 문화적 배경을 읽을 수 있다. 시립미술관에서 전시 중인 <위대한 의자, 20세기의 디자인: 100 Years, 100 Chairs>은 그 사실에 주지한 전시, 연대기별로 전시해놓은 각 100개의 의자는 그 시대의 사회와 문화, 그리고 과학을 담고 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of Vietnamese housing in Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, it was examined that 22 Vietnamese households in Korea in relation to their usage of housing space. The following conclusion were established; 1). Most of households had kitchen+1 or 2 bedrooms and the majority households preferred separated kitchen and living room areas. 2). Most households had a washing machine in bathroom and they regarded bathtub as not very necessary. They all preferred the bathroom with enough space for using washing machine and hand washing both. 3). Their preferred seating style was using chairs on sleeping as like in Vietnam but they preferred eating without chairs and treated large family and guest without chairs specially. 4). All of them were took their shoes off usually and preferred designated shoes space at the entrance to the house which was not used in Vietnam. 5). A Floor material of all households was vinyl on living room and bedrooms and most of them who had been using tile only in Vietnam preferred vinyl here. 6). All of households had a modified Ondol and most of them who had never been used this before preferred and they regarded as a desirable heating system. 7). They considered the kitchen as the most important housing space and the direction of housing was the one to consider when they built or buy the house.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2014

Objective:The present study is intended to evaluate the usability of a console chair for a weapon locating radar by comparing with different kinds of chair design. Background: Console chairs need to be ergonomically designed to reduce physical workload of operators and improve mission capability; few studies have been reported which systematically evaluate usability of military console chairs. Method: Ergonomic design of a console chair, a bus seat, and an office chair was evaluated in terms of headrest, seatback, seatpan, armrest, and controller on a 7-point scale. Ten males in their 20s and 30s were recruited considering the demographic characteristics of console operators. Results: The satisfaction scores of the console chair for headrest, seatback, and seatpan were significantly higher than those of the bus seat (mean difference [MD] = 0.9) and office chair (MD = 1.3). Meanwhile, the satisfaction scores of the console chair for armrest and controller were significantly lower than those of the office chair (MD = -1.4) and bus seat (MD = -2.2). Conclusion: The armrest and controller of the console chair needs ergonomic improvements for better comfort. Application: The evaluation results of the console chair would be of use for ergonomic console chair design.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objective: This study identifies the difference among the heights of a chair's backrest (High, Mid, No), the biomechanical changes chair users undergo over time, and the variables that can measure musculoskeletal disorders, eventually providing information on the appropriate type of backrest. Method: Eleven healthy subjects in their 20s and 30s who had no experience with musculoskeletal disorders or surgical operations within the last 6 months participated in this study. Computer typing tasks were randomly designated and performed according to the type of chair backrest, and evaluation was performed for Flexion-Relaxation Ratio (FRR) analysis after the computer typing tasks. This study used eight infrared cameras (sampling rate: 100 Hz) and nine-channel electromyography (sampling rate: 1,000 Hz). ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted to verify the results, with the statistical significance level being α = .05. Results: Although there was no significant difference in craniovertebral angle (CVA), this study showed time and interaction effects depending on the height of the backrest (p<.05). When working without the backrest, the head-spine angle was lower compared to the chairs with backrest, based on the computer work. As for the head angle, the higher the back of the chair was, the less the head flexion and the body angle became, whereas the body flexion became less when there was a backrest. In addition, the body flexion increased over time in all types of backrests (p<.05). The muscle activity of the upper body tended to be high in the high backrest chair. On the other hand, a lower muscle activity was found with a low backrest. Conclusion: These results show that a chair is more ergonomic when the body angle is correctly set without bending and when it is supported by a low backrest. Accordingly, this study determines that the backrest affects shoulder and neck musculoskeletal disorders during typing and that medium-height backrest chairs can help prevent musculoskeletal disorders, contrary to the expectation that high-backrest chairs are preferable.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2002

빅토리아 시대로부터 오늘날까지 수많은 의자들이 디자인되었다. 토네트의 1859년 No.14의자, 라이트의 1904년 등이 높은 의자, 리트벨트의 1917년 적/청의자, 브로이어의 1925년 와실리 의자, 알토의 1932년 파이미오 의자, 이임즈의 1948년 DAR 의자, 피에로 가티의 1969년 사코 의자, 필립 스탁의 1984년 폰 포겔상 의자, 스텀프의 1992년 에어론 의자, 리틀의 1994년 코트 오브 암((oat of Arms)의자 등 - 의자디자인에서 자신의 이론을 표현할 기회를 가졌던 디자이너들의 리스트는 끝이 없어 보인다. 매킨토쉬(1868-1928), 라이트(1867-1959), 알토(1898-1976)와 같은 건축가들은 인테리어와 건축을 위한 예술적 계획속에 의자 디자인을 포함하였었다. 그러나 의자의 제조업자들이 장인의 영역에서 인더스트리얼 프로세스의 영역으로 이동됨에 따라, 디자이너들은 공학적 지식을 배경으로 현대적 제조 기술의 제한요소내에서 혁신적인 의자 디자인들을 개발하였다. 또한, 기능과 구조의 문제를 넘어서 의자의 기본적인 가치는 과거든 현재든 의자의 특성, 아이디어와 가치에 대한 전달에 있으며 의자에 대한 설득력은 그 수사학상의 명확성과 밀접한 관계가 있어 보인다. 의자는 디자이너들이 시각적으로 말하고 개인적 신념을 선언할 수 있는 이상적인 매체가 되어왔다. 미래에도 의자디자인은 비현실적 디자인과 실용적인 디자인 사이에서 계속 고민할 것이며 이것이 바로 디자이너들이 추구하는 유일한 길이라 하겠다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-165
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to develop and scientifically investigate the efficacy of the Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest that responds to the spine curvature of the user when seated, and maintains and enhances the natural S-curve of the lower back, thereby helping to relieve fatigue, correct posture and prevent spine deformities. Background: The focus of current development, design guidelines and/or standards for office chairs is mainly placed on the chair's dimensions, incline angle, adjusting features and lumbar support. Research and development was called for developing a chair backrest that maintains and improves the S-curve of the full spine. Method: The Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest was ergonomically designed to maintain correct posture and enhance user comfort. When leaned on, the backrest responds to the user's spine line and the whole lower back sits closely against the backrest, thereby aligning the user's lower back and backrest as one to maintain and improve the natural S-curve formation of the spine. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the newly designed chair (new design) and the comparison target (chair), five male college students of standard body type with normal spine curvature were selected as test subjects, and a motion analyzer and electromyography were utilized to measure S-curve and erector spinae muscle activity when seated. Results: The spine S-curve was better maintained and improved when sitting in the new design than in the comparison chair. Particularly notable was the greater displacement gap of the thoracic spine than the cervical spine, and also that of the lumbar more than the thoracic spine, with the increase of the backrest tilting angle. Furthermore, the electromyogram results showed the new design caused a lower fatigue level of the erector spinae muscles compared to the comparison chair, and also earned a higher preference in the subjective opinion results. Conclusion: The newly designed chair in this study responds to the user's spine curvature and maintains and enhances the lower back's natural S-curve, and thereby relieves fatigue, promotes better posture, and helps to prevent spine deformities better than existing office chairs. There is a need to widely introduce and supply this new design. Application: The new design is applicable to office and student chairs, and is expected to improve concentration and work efficiency.