• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2006

A business process specification (BPS) plays the role of a contracted business scenario in the execution of the B2B business process instances. XML based specification languages, such as BPSS, WS BPEL, etc., are usually adopted for the specifications. However, composing complex XML based specifications are not easy for humans. As an alternative, graphical modeling languages such as UML and BPMN can be employed. This paper presents an UML based modeling method for graphically specifying ebXML BPSS instances (namely, business process specifications). UML diagrams, directly matching with ebXML BPSS, can be reused for understanding and generating ebXML BPSS instances. We discuss the value of the method by developing a business reference library in the area of supply chain management.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.629-655
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• 2006

A business process specification (BPS) plays the role of a contracted business scenario in the execution of the B2B business process instances. XML-based specification languages, such as BPSS, WS-BPEL, etc., are usually adopted for the specifications. However, composing complex XML-based specifications are not easy for humans. As an alternative, graphical modeling languages such as UML and BPMN can be employed. This paper presents an UML-based modeling method for graphically specifying ebXML BPSS instances (namely, business process specifications). UML diagrams, directly matching with ebXML BPSS, can be reused for understanding and generating ebXML BPSS instances. We discuss the value of tile method by developing a business reference library in the area of supply chain management.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2017

본 연구는 현재 시행되고 있는 BPO에 대해 제도적 차원에서 주요 쟁점으로 중심으로 신용장 제도와 비교하여 고찰하였다. BPO는 은행간의 약정이기 때문에 지급의무의 이행, 확인, 양도 등에 있어서 신용장제도와 차이를 보이며, 또한 유의해야 할 점이다. BPO은 기본적으로 기능 면에서 신용장과 유사하지만, 별개의 독립적인 제도로 운용되며 정보기술과 데이터를 기반으로 한다. 신용장을 포함한 전통적인 제도 보다는 더 효율적이며 비용 효과적이다. 따라서 전통적인 제도에 대한 전자적 대안으로 보여진다. 본 연구는 선행 연구를 중심으로 이미 발표된 BPO 관련 연구와 자료 등을 통하여 문헌 연구하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2024

단계형 확률분포는 마코프 체인이 특정 상태로 흡수되는 시점까지 거쳐가는 여러 단계에서 체재하는 시간들의 합으로 정의되며 대기행렬 시스템과 신뢰성 분석 모형 등에 광범위하게 사용된다. 연속적 단계형 분포의 경우 흡수 상태로 진입하기까지 거쳐가는 각각의 단계에서의 체재 시간이 지수분포를 따르므로 연속적 단계형 분포는 다양한 지수분포들의 합 또는 볼록 결합으로 나타낼 수 있다. 단계형 분포를 생성하는 가장 일반적이면서도 직관적인 방법은 마코비안 표현방법이라 불리는 초기 확률벡터와 전이 생성행렬에 의해 주어지는 조건부 확률을 이용하는 것이다. 적률이 주어진 상황에서 단계형 변수를 생성하는 방법에 대한 기존의 연구들은 대부분 적률을 마코비안 표현방법으로 변환하는 것을 전제로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 적률을 마코비안 표현방법으로 변환하지 않고 확률 분포함수를 결정하여 단계형 확률변수를 생성하는 방법에 대해 살펴보고 마코프 표현을 사용하는 기존의 방법 대신에 조단 분해법과 최소 표현 라플라스 변환을 이용하여 2계 단계형 확률변수를 분포함수를 결정하는 공식과 절차를 제시한다. 이러한 접근 방법은 고차원의 단계형 확률분포를 이용하여 대기행렬의 시뮬레이션을 하는 경우에 마코비안 표현방법의 전이행렬을 결정하여 변수를 생성하는 경우보다 효율적이다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.63.1-63.14
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• 2021

Background: Recently, mesenchymal stem cells therapy has been performed in dogs, although the outcome is not always favorable. Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) matching between the donor and recipient in vitro. Methods: Canine adipose-derived MSCs (cA-MSCs) isolated from the subcutaneous tissue of Dog 1 underwent characterization. For major DLA genotyping (DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two dogs (Dogs 1 and 2) were analyzed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The cA-MSCs were co-cultured at a 1:10 ratio with activated PBMCs (DLA matching or mismatching) for 3 days and analyzed for immunosuppressive (IDO, PTGS2, and PTGES), inflammatory (IL6 and IL10), and apoptotic genes (CASP8, BAX, TP53, and BCL2) by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results: cA-MSCs were expressed cell surface markers such as CD90⁺/44⁺/29⁺/45^- and differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. According to the Immuno Polymorphism Database, DLA genotyping comparisons of Dogs 1 and 2 revealed complete differences in genes DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1. In the co-culturing of cA-MSCs and PBMCs, DLA mismatch between the two cell types induced a significant increase in the expression of immunosuppressive (IDO/PTGS2) and apoptotic (CASP8/BAX) genes. Conclusions: The administration of cA-MSCs matching the recipient DLA type can alleviate the need to regulate excessive immunosuppressive responses associated with genes, such as IDO and PTGES. Furthermore, easy and reliable DLA genotyping technology is required because of the high degree of genetic polymorphisms of DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 and the low readability of DLA 88.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제60권
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• pp.109-139
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• 2013

This paper is to review the Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligations(URBPO 750E) which were developed by the Banking Commission of the International Chamber of Commerce and to present the implications. The rules were unanimously adopted during Lisbon meeting of the ICC Banking Commission on April 17th, 2013 and taken effect as of July 1, 2013. A BPO is an irrevocable undertaking given by an Obligor bank to a Recipient bank to pay a specified amount under the condition of a successful electronic matching of data or acceptance of mismatches. It is an alternative instrument for trade settlement, designed to complement existing solution and not to replace them(ICC,750E). The BPO enables banks to provide sellers and buyers with advanced risk mitigations and enhanced financing services. The BPO will improve trade processing efficiency such as increased transaction times, reduced handling cost, and others. It is believed that the BPO will have an important role to play in supporting the development of Supply Chain Finance in international Trade. So, This study will review the provisions and application of the URBPO 750E based on documentary materials including swift com and icc.org and so on.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제60권
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• pp.141-175
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• 2013

The purpose of this study aims to the implications by the introduction of TSU/BPO system as a instrument of trade settlement. Jointly with financial messaging provider SWIFT, the ICC Banking Commission has developed the URBPO to take into account the legitimate expectations of all relevant sectors. Once the goods have been shipped, the seller's bank uploads the shipping and logistics data to the TSU to be checked against the baseline. URBPO is the first ever set of standards in supply chain finance that governs BPO transactions worldwide. BPO enables banks to reduce the risks associated with international trade to the benefit of both buyers and sellers. A BPO is an irrevocable undertaking given by an Obliger Bank to a Recipient Bank to pay a specified amount under the condition of a successful electronic matching of data or acceptance of mismatches. The BPO should be viewed as an exercise in collaboration between trading partners and their banks. Drawings upon global standards and incorporating the benefits offered by letters of credit, the new instrument has the potential to benefit all parties in a trade transaction-and bring trade settlement into the 21st century.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1126-1139
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 그래픽을 포함한 필기체 한글화 영숫자로 구성된 혼합문서 인식시스팀을 제안하였다. 전처리 과정에서 제안한 국부적응 이진화 알고리듬으로 이진화를 수행하며, 연결요소와 체인코드를 이용하여 그래픽 영역을 분리하고 한글의 문자유형, 크기 그리고 수직모음의 부분적인 인식을 이용하여 개별문자를 분리한다. 인식단계에서는 DP 정합 비용함수값에 따른 brach and bound 알고리듬을 이용하여 한글 문자를 인식하며, 또한 몇 개의 안정한 특징값을 이용하여 영숫자를 인식하였다. 또한 인식단계에서의 정보와 단어사전의 정합을 통하여 인식기의 오류를 정정하였다. 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통하여 제안한 시스팀이 그래픽을 포함한 필기체 한글과 영숫자를 효과적으로 인식함을 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2005

For better performance over a noisy channel, mobile wireless networks transmit packets with forward error correction (FEC) code to recover corrupt bits without retransmission. The static determination of the FEC code size, however, degrades their performance since the evaluation of the underlying channel state is hardly accurate and even widely varied. Our measurements over a wireless sensor network, for example, show that the average bit error rate (BER) per second or per minute continuously changes from 0 up to $10^{-3}$. Under this environment, wireless networks waste their bandwidth since they can't deterministically select the appropriate size of FEC code matching to the fluctuating channel BER. This paper proposes an adaptive FEC technique called adaptive FEC code control (AFECCC), which dynamically tunes the amount of FEC code per packet based on the arrival of acknowl­edgement packets without any specific information such as signal to noise ratio (SNR) or BER from receivers. Our simulation experiments indicate that AFECCC performs better than any static FEC algorithm and some conventional dynamic hybrid FEC/ARQ algorithms when wireless channels are modeled with two-state Markov chain, chaotic map, and traces collected from real sensor networks. Finally, AFECCC implemented in sensor motes achieves better performance than any static FEC algorithm.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 학계
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• pp.199-202
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• 2009

Turn-key and CMF(CM for Fee) have been selected as procurement paths of large public projects in Korea. However, recently, researches and discussions on CMR(CM at Risk) have been popular as the Korean government seeks for alternative procurement paths to enhance the performance. In the CMR projects, the part who is responsible for construction management should predict and control the potential risks for guaranteeing benefits. In this research, CMR projects in which a general contractor plays the role as CMr is mainly analyzed. We give attentions to risk management during construction process given that subcontractors, main parts in this phase, work in various ways and thus more chances for faults exist. In this case, CMr manages risks to control the procedure of project. So, potential risk factors can constitute the database, and that database can be matched to following activity. And construction manager can forecast measures of risk using the result of matching. This chain of activities increase efficiency in roles of CMr on CMR(CM at Risk). Furthermore this study will propose one of the solution of Construction Management Module.