• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.446-457
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between family members and adolescent boys smoking. The data were evaluated by frequency analysis, 𝑥² test and logistic regression analysis using 27,276 people who responded to the 14th(2018) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Among male students, the nonsmoking rate was 91.5% and the smoking rate was 8.5%(2.5% of occasional smoking and 6.0% of frequent smoking). The study results showed that the smoking status of male students was varied significantly according to the number of smokers among the family members(p<0.001). Meanwhile, smoking based on the characteristics of socio-demographic factors was affected by grades, school records, economic status, and parents' educational background(p<0.001). Smoking by health factors showed a significant difference in alcohol consumption, suicidal thoughts, depression experiences, stress recognition, frequency of breakfast consumption, level of fatigue after sleep, and subjective perception of health(p<0.001). Male smokers were more likely to smoke when two family members smoked than only one(p<0.001). These results confirmed that smoking in boys was affected by the smoking status of family members and suggested that the smoking cessation program of family smokers can be effective in designing smoking cessation prevention and smoking cessation projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6364-6372
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of a non-smoking program according to the stress and emotional condition of male office workers. As research subjects, 106 smokers at C company who participated in the campaign of "No Second-Hand Smoking and No Cigarette Smoke at Work" from April 25, 2011 to December, 2011 for 8 months were enrolled in this study. Apreliminary survey of the general characteristics, motivation to quit smoking, emotional condition, behavior to cope with stress, stress in life, hope, and the emotional variables of job satisfaction in the research subjects was carried out. The study undertook a pre-and-post effect analysis of the non-smoking program only with those who succeeded in quitting smoking. In terms of the general characteristics of the subjects, the success rate of quitting smoking was higher in those in their thirties and above and those who were married. No significant difference in the emotional variables was observed between those who were not successful and those who were. These results suggest that the motives for stopping smoking and effective dealing with stress or anxiety is important for male office workers to succeed in stopping smoking, based on which smoking cessation programs should be developed. In addition, the message of a smoking cessation campaign should be designed specifically for each target audience, effectively emphasizing the emotional aspects of each target group.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 1994

Physiological changes in Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi as affected by bensulfuron-methyl {Methyl 2-[[[[[(4, 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate} was determined to relate the characteristics with regrowth behavior. There were no changes in relative growth rate(RGR) during the period of growth cessation after application of bensulfuron-methyl. RGR's of the growth ceseased plants caused at 39 and 51 g/ha began to increase in between 25 and 30 days after application (DAA) and between 30 and 35 DAA, respectively. In untreated plant tuber carbohydrate rapidly decreased right after emergence and almost consumed within 40 days. There was no carbohydrate consumption during the period of growth cessation in bensulfuron-methyl-applied plant, but the content started to rapidly decrease with regrowth. Tuber viability lasted for 30 days in untreated plant, while tubers were viable for 60 and 70 days after application of bensulfuron-methyl at 39 and 51 g/ha, respectively. During the period of growth cessation the plants kept minimum respiration and photosynthesis, but with regrowth respiration and photosynthesis were resumed and rapidly increased.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.451-461
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• 2018

This study investigated changes in the youth smoking rate and smoking cessation rates before and after a cigarette price increase in 2015. Specifically, the changes in smoking rate, smoking cessation attempt rate, selection rate and amount of smoking were investigated using primary data pertaining to Korean Youth Risk Behavior obtained from a web-based survey of youth general characteristics, mental health, subjective grade, drinking and smoking related characteristics before and after a cigarette price increase. To accomplish this, 800 middle school and high school students in 9th (2013), 10th (2014), 11th (2015) were surveyed. The current youth smoking rate was slightly decreased from 9.7% in 2013 to 9.2% in 2014, while the smoking rate in 2015 decreased significantly by 15.2% after the cigarette price increased to 7.8%. These results confirmed that increasing cigarette price is very effective at decreasing youth smoking rate, providing motivation to stop smoking and preventing smoking. The prevention of smoking and inducement to stop smoking during adolescence is very important because the majority of teenage smokers continue smoking into their adulthood. In addition to expanding a completely non-smoking area and a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship should be urgently sought, and the effect can be maximized when the WHO FCTC faithfully implements the already-founded treaty.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.552-561
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing lifetime smoking and current smoking among adolescents in South Korea. Methods: Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted based on complex sample analysis using statistics from the 10th (2014) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The study sample comprised 72,060 adolescents aged 12 to 18. Results: The significant factors influencing adolescent lifetime smoking were female gender, older age, higher stress, higher weekly allowance, lower economic status, living apart from parents, parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking, observation of school personnel smoking, and coed school compared to boys' school. The significant factors influencing adolescent current smoking were female gender, older age, higher stress, higher weekly allowance, both higher and lower economic status compared to middle economic status, living apart from parents, parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking, observation of school personnel smoking, and coed school compared to boys' school. Conclusion: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in programs directed at prevention of adolescent smoking and smoking cessation programs, as well as policies.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.556-565
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• 2004

Purpose: According to Lazarus & Folkman (1984), appraising a stressor as a threat is associated with negative psychological and physical adjustment, whereas appraising a stressor as a challenge is positive psychological and physical adjustment. This study examined how cognitive appraisal of PTCA(heart disease threat and treatment appraisal) related to the cardiac risk reduction behaviors(smoking cessation, low salt and low cholesterol diet, regular exercise and stress management) 6 weeks following discharge. Method: Data were collected from 50 subjects with successful primary PTCA. Result: Heart disease threat was negative related to treatment appraisal (r=-0.240, p=0.046). Psychological well-being was negative related to heart disease threat (r=-0.317, p=0.012) and positive related to treatment appraisal(r=0.402, p=0.002). The cardiac risk reduction behaviors score was negative related to heart disease threat(r= -0.296, p=0.018) and positive related to treatment appraisal(r=-0.291, p=0.020). Conclusion: More negative appraisal was related to lower the cardiac risk reduction behaviors score. But more positive appraisal was related to higher the cardiac risk reduction behaviors score. So, there is a need to develop the cognitive-behavioral intevention that increase the coping strategy to replace with positive appraisal.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.567-582
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of the Transtheoretical Model(TTM) for Korean nursing studies on health behaviors and identify the strategies for improvement of further studies. Methods: From a main and seven branch journals on the Korean Society of Nursing Science, a total of 26 studies, which had been conducted based upon the TTM, were selected. The selected studies were analyzed from the September of 2006 to the February of 2007 by the criteria; name of journal, year of publication, health behavior, population, sampling, sample size, research design, instrument (translation process, reliability and validity), and statistical analysis. Results: TTM on the Korean nursing studies was mainly applied for smoking cessation or exercise with elderly or middle aged women. The research findings could not be generalized with the limitation of the use of non representative samples. The most frequently used research design was a cross-sectional survey. Some studies had a lack of reliable and valid instruments, so that the internal validity of the study findings may be threatened. Statistically related problems increased type I error and decreased power. Conclusion: Korean nursing studies based on TTM can be the beginning stage in quality and quantity.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.272-283
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• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive study compared changes in life style and health perceptions before and after the onset of coronary heart disease in 100 patients. Methods: Data were from May to July in 2016 through questionnaires and medical records. The collected data were analyzed by a $x^2$ test, and paired t-test using SPSS 12.0. Results: After the onset of heart disease, significant decreases were observed in smoking ($x^2=17.21$, p<.001) and drinking ($x^2=43.56$, p<.001), while exercise increased significantly ($x^2=32.77$, p<.001). Appetite, stress and health state were significantly decreased after the onset of heart disease (t=3.18, p=.002, t=3.55, p=.001, t=4.43, p<.001), and knowledge about disease was significantly increased after the onset of heart disease (t=-13.66, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that continuous follow-up management programs including smoking and drinking cessation, exercise, appetite and stress management should be developed and implemented for Coronary Heart Disease with PCI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of current smoking and the factors that influence current smoking among male high school students in Korea according to school type. Methods: Data were extracted from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2017) and multiple logistic regression was used based on complex sample analysis. The study sample comprised of 15,777 male high school students: 12,583 from general high schools (GHS) and 3,194 from specialized vocational high schools (SVHS). Results: The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher in SVHS students (19.6%) compared to GHS students (12.6%). Low academic achievement, depressive symptoms, current drinking, and high household economic status were commonly associated with current smoking in male students from both school types. However, exposure to secondhand smoking at home, non-exposure to anti-smoking advertisement, exposure to tobacco advertisement, participation in smoking prevention or cessation education were related to current smoking in GHS students, while living in rural area was associated with current smoking in SVHS students. Conclusion: To reduce current smoking among male high school students, it is necessary to develop smoking prevention policies reflecting the factors associated with current smoking that are different by school type.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health promotion behaviors and chronic disease prevalence of Korean elderly and to provide information for preventing chronic diseases and improving health conditions of the elderly. Methods: A subset of 584 cases in the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for secondary analysis. Chi square test was used to compare chronic diseases prevalence by general characteristics and health promotion behaviors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with chronic diseases. Results: Gender, occupation, subjective health status, smoking, and alcohol drinking have significant association with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Gender-specific health education for the elderly should be implemented at the health center, and opportunities for social participation can be enhanced through job creation for the elderly. Active campaigns on smoking cessation and moderate drinking are needed to prevent and manage chronic diseases of the elderly.