• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1997

Physiological effects in SAM P6 and Rl by administration of Cervus cornu, Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, and Angelicae Radix extracts were screened to know in vivo activities of each extracts. We measured complete blood cells (CBC) such as aBC, HGB, and HCT using coulter's method. Plasma concentrations of albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, urea and total iron ere also analyzed using biochemical clinical autoanalyzer. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, total T$_3$, and total T$_4$ were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay methods. At 12 weeks after birth, Cervus conu or Astragali Radix or Rehmanniae Radix extracts were given 5 g/Kg.day p.o. for 0,7,14,21, and 30 days each in both SAM Rl and SAM P6. Angelicae Radix study was done the same as the others except the mice were 16 weeks after birth. The RBC, HGB, and HCT levels after administration of Astragali and Rehmanniae were elevated in SAM Rl, but those in Cervi study were increased in SAM P6 the most. Decreases in alkaline phosphatase concentration of SAM Rl and P6 after Cervi administration were detected. Total plasma iron concentration was decreased by Angelicae administration in SAM P6. In general, Angelicae and Rehmanniae stimulate increases in cortisol, but total T$_3$ and T$_4$ levels were also elevated by all these extracts. In conclusion, these herval medicine extracts help hematopoiesis in SAMs through probably different mechanisms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1859-1866
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• 2010

It is reported that about 80% of deer antlers (Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu) produced in the world are consumed in Korea. Fraudulent replacement or mislabeling of costly deer antlers with cheaper ones, however, is one of the most common problems in the Korean deer antler market. Therefore, there is a continuous need for the development of genetic markers to discriminate between genuine and fraudulent deer antlers. This study was performed to develop a method for the identification and authentication of deer antlers using nucleotide sequence analysis against displacement loop of mitochondrial genome among four deer antlers, Cervus eleaphus sibericus, Cervus eleaphus bactrianus, Cervus eleaphus Canadensis, and Cervus eleaphus, originated from Russia, China, North America and New Zealand, respectively. As a result, multiple-alignment of mitochondrial displacement (D) loop region in 1.2 kb showed that, among the four deer antlers, a deleted sequence of about 70 bps was only found in Cervus elaphus bactrianus from China. Finally, Cervus elaphus bactrianus among nine samples of deer antlers were successfully identified by PCR using primer amplifying deleted D-loop. Cervus elaphus bactrianus was also confirmed from cloning the PCR products and their nucleotide sequence analyses were confirmed. However, no marker to identify Cervus eleaphus sibericus, Cervus eleaphus canadensis and Cervus eleaphus were found in the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial D-loop. Our results suggest that PCR for deleted D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA are useful for identification and authentication of deer antlers of Cervus elaphus bactrianus originating from China.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.279-282
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• 1996

동양의학에서 강정 강장제로서의 귀히 여겨지는녹용의 유효성분과 또한 녹각과 그 유효성의 차이를 찾기 위해 무기질, 아미노산과 지방산 조성 등을 비교 검토하였다. 무기질 조성은 녹용과 녹각에서 Ca의 함량이 제일 높았고, Na과 K 함량도 상당히 높았으며 Hg 등 중금속은 전혀 검출되지 않았으며, 녹각에서는 Mn과 Fe이 미량 검출되었다. 녹용의 지방산은 포화지방산보다 불포화지방산 함량이 월등히 높았으며 그 중에서도 동맥경화증을 경감시킨다고 하는 docosahexaenoic acid가 43.73%로 제일 높았고, 녹각에서는 녹용에 비해 전반적으로 함량이 낮았다. 아미노산은 녹용에서 총 17종이 검출되었는데, glycine 함량이 제일 높았고, alanine과 proline 순이었다. 이는 collagen이 녹용의 상당부분을 차지한다는 것을 시사하며, 녹각에서는 비록 함량은 적었지만 10종이 검출되었으며, glutamic acid, proline, glycine과 alanine 등도 상당히 함유되어 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.155-170
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• 2002

면역억제와 면역항진의 작용을 지닌 녹용(鹿茸)약침의 실험쥐에서의 type II collagen(CII)으로 유발된 관절염(CIA)에 대한 효과를 연구하였다. 본 실험에서 녹용(鹿茸)약침군과 생리식염수군을 대조군으로 하여 실험쥐에게 약침시술을 하였다. 녹용(鹿茸)약침이 CII에 작용하는 세포반응에 대한 효과를 검정하였는데, 대조군에서는 CII 유발주사 후 24일에 관절염이 관찰되었고, CIA의 정도가 점차적으로 심해졌다. 생리식염수 처리군과 비교해 24일 동안 하루에 한번 $50{\mu}g/kg$ 이상 용량의 녹용(鹿茸)약침은 CII 처리 T cell의 interleukin 2(IL-2)와 interferon-${\gamma}$($IFN-{\gamma}$) 생산능력을 억제했다. 또한 녹용(鹿茸)약침은 CII처리 임파절과 대식세포의 tumor necrosis facter ${\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$)의 생산을 억제했다. 한편 CIA에 대한 약침효능의 지표는 녹용(鹿茸)약침을 14일간 하루에 한번씩 처리하면서, 소의 CII로 3주 간격으로 2번 유발접종을 실시하여 검정하였다. 첫 CII 유발접종과 동시에 일일 투여량 $100{\mu}g/kg$으로 14일간의 녹용(鹿茸)약침이 항체형성과 CII에 대한 지연형 과민성 뿐만 아니라 관절염의 증가도 막아주었다. 녹용(鹿茸)약침을 관절염 유발성 CII의 2차 접종과 동시에 시술한 결과, 관절염과 CII에 대한 면역반응을 억제하였다. 이에 저자는 CII로 유발된 관절염에 대한 녹용(鹿茸)약침의 억제효과에 대하여 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2009

This study was conducted to isolate strain for the preparation of fermented antler (Cervus cornu parvum) and evaluate its physiological activities. The growth degrees of twenty-one samples from Bacillus sp., Lactobacillius sp. and mushroom strain on antler extract agar were evaluated in this study, and Bacillus subtilis KH-15, SCB-3, Cordyceps militaris, Phellinus linteus, Inonotus obliquus 26136, and Inonotus obliquus 26147 were selected. The fermented antler extract by C. militaris had relatively higher contents of total sugar (1619.3 ${\mu}g$/mL), uronic acid (302.0 ${\mu}g$/mL), sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (S-GAGs) (119.9 ${\mu}g$/mL) and sialic acid (21.6 ${\mu}g$/mL) than any other extracts. The anti-complementary activities of all fermented antler extracts were higher than non-fermented antler extract, and among these samples, fermented antler extract by C. militaris showed the highest anti-complementary activity (inhibition of 50% total complement hemolysis, $ITCH_{50}$; 50.1% at 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL). The ability of fermented antler extract by B. subtilis KH-15 to scavenge 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical ($IC_{50}$; 4.97 mg/mL) was significantly the highest (p<0.05), whereas the extract from I. obliquus exerted significantly (p<0.05) high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$; 16.98 mg/mL) among all samples. The results of this study suggest that physiological effects including immuno-modulating and antioxidant activities of the antler may be increased through fermentation process.