• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2009

상기도 공간은 3차원 입체 구조물로서 두부규격방사선사진 등으로 분석하기에는 평가의 한계가 존재하였다. 본 연구는 최근 방사선 피폭량 등의 감소로 그 활용도가 높아진 cone beam CT (CBCT)를 이용하여 안면골격형태에 따른 상기도 공간의 면적, 전후방 폭경 및 측방 폭경을 측정하고 그 관련성을 알아보았다. 102명을 대상으로 CBCT (VCT, Vatech, Seoul, Korea)를 촬영하였으며, FH plane에 평행하면서 aa point (the most anterior point on the anterior arch of atlas), $CV_{2ia}$, $CV_{3ia}$ point (most infero-anterior point on the body of the second & third cervical vertebra)를 지나는 평면을 기준으로 설정하였다. 각 항목의 계측치는 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 통계처리하고 Duncan test로 사후검정하였다. 연구 결과, 안면 골격형태에 따른 측방 폭경에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Group 2 (Class II) 집단은 aa plane, $CV_2$ plane, $CV_3$ plane에 의해 형성된 상기도 공간의 단면적이 좁았으며, 전후방 폭경도 Group 3 (Class III)에 비해 유의성 있게 좁았다. 수직 안면골격형태와 정상 안면골격 형태간의 유의성 있는 차이는 없었으나, aa plane에서 형성된 상기도 공간의 전후방 폭경은 Group 1V (Class I vertical)가 Group 1N (Class I normal)에 비해 유의성 있게 좁은 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.05).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2000

본 연구는 안면비대칭 환자의 natural head position(NHP)시 정면에서의 두부 또는 경추의 경사 정도를 알아봄으로써 교정환자의 임상검사시 비대칭의 진단에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 두드러진 전후방 골격 이상은 없으나 뚜렷한 좌우 안면비대칭을 보이는 성인 20명을 비대칭군으로, 좌우 대칭적인 외모와 비교적 정상교합을 보이는 성인 21명 을 대칭군으로 선정 한 다음 물방울 수평계를 이용하여 NHP 상태의 정모두부방사선사진을 촬영하고 투사도를 작성하였다. Crista galli와 anterior nasal spine을 연결한 선과 crista galli와 menton을 연결한 선이 이루는 각을 menton의 변위 정도로 정하고, 좌우 supra-orbital margin의 최상방점을 지나는 supra-orbital line과, 제1경추와 제4경추의 중심을 연결한 cervical line이 각각 true vertical line과 이루는 각을 계측한 다음 이들간의 상관관계를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Supra-orbital line이 true vortical line과 이루는 각이 직각에서 벗어난 정도가 대칭군에 비하여 비대칭군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 2. Cervical line이 true vertical line과 이루는 각은 통계적 유의차는 없었으나 비대칭군에서 더 큰 경향을 보였다. 3. 비대칭군에서 supra-orbital line이 true vortical line과 이루는 각이 직각에서 벗어난 정도는 menton의 변위 정도와 통계적으로 유의한 순상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 안면비대칭 환자는 menton의 변위를 보상하려는 방향으로 기울어진 NHP를 가지는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

청소년 환자에서 수직적, 수평적 골격형태에 따른 경추골 성숙도를 비교하기 위하여 10세 환자 198명, 12세 환자 216명, 14세 환자 138명의 측모두부방사선사진을 평가하여, 수직적 골격형태에 따라 분류하였다. 각 연령별로 4개의 표준화된 계측치를 합하여 그 합이 극단적인 수직 성장을 보이는 30명과 극단적인 수평 성장을 보이는 30명을 선택하였고, 이들을 수직적인 군과 수평적인 군으로 각각 나누었다. 골성숙의 평가를 위해, 경추 하연의 만곡도와 경추의 수직-수평 비를 관찰하여 연령에 따라 측정하였다. 측정치를 SPSS 통계프로그램을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 전체적으로 10세, 12세, 14세 모두에서 경추 하연의 만곡도는 골격 형태가 수직적인 군에 비해 수평적인 군이 더 컸으나통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 12세의 수평적인 군은 수직적인 군보다 제 3경추와 제 4경추의 수직-수평 비가 유의하게 더 컸으나, 10세와 14세에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 12세에서 각 군의 SUM, FMA, 수직-수평비 사이에는 약한 음의 상관관계가 있었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1999

머리와 목이 두 개인 이두이경체인 한우 송아지를 해부학적으로 관찰하였다. 이 한우 기형 송아지의 외형적 특정은 2 개의 완전한 머리와 목이 형성되어 있었으며 두 개의 경부는 흉강에서 유합되어 한 개의 몸통을 이루고 있었다. 두 개의 두부는 우측의 두부가 좌측의 두부에 비해 크기가 작고 상악과 하악의 비틀림이 심하게 나타나는 편측성 하악골 형성부전을 보였다. 두 개의 경부는 비슷한 길이로 흉부에서 유합되어 있었으며 2 개의 두부와 경부 외에 흉근 내부에 유착되어져 있는 흉골이 1 쌍으로 존재하고 있었다. 전지골격은 외부에 노출된 1 쌍의 완전한 골격과 매몰되어 있는 비교적 완전한 l 쌍의 전지골격외에 견갑부가 소실되고 상완골이 불완전한 l 쌍의 불완전한 전지 골격구조가 흉근과 늑골 사이에서 발견되었다. 그러나 기형적 전지와는 달리 후지는 정상적인 1 쌍의 다리만 보이었다. 경추의 부분적인 유합과 흉추 전반부가 심한 유합으로 척추가 뒤틀려져 있었다. 두개골은 정상적으로 2개의 눈과 귀, 비공과 1개의 업을 가지고 있었으며, 좌측이 우측 두부에 비해 크기가 작았고 하악도 더 심히 뒤틀려져 있었다. 뇌실은 위축되어 대뇌가 작았다. 기관과 식도는 흉강에서 유합되어 1개의 폐와 위로 이어지고 있었다. 흉강내 장기와 복강내 장기는 대부분 정상적인 구조를 유지하고 있었으나 대장의 직장 부분은 항문으로부터 5cm 떨어진 부분에 협착되어 있었으며 항문은 보이지 않았다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

Accidental ingestion of caustic substance is one of the common problems among children around the world. Acid intake accounts for a mere 5% of all reported cases of corrosive ingestion in the West. Because of the esophageal sparing effect of acid, clinically significant esophageal involvement after acid ingestion occurs in only 6 to 20 percent of the instances. Despite effort of prevention, 7% to 15% of children sustaining caustic esophageal burns develop esophageal strictures. If balloon dilatation or bougie dilatation fails to resolve the esophageal strictures, successful outcome following replacement by colon or stomach has been reported in children. But the complications and morbidity following these operations are still relatively high. Seven patients with corrosive-acid induced esophageal strictures who were operated upon at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1991 to 1995 were reviewed. Primary resection and anastomosis was performed in all of 7 patients. The stricture involved short segments of the esophagus at the level of the lower cervical and the upper thoracic vertebra. The operations were approached through a left cervical incision or a left thoracotomy. In one patient, operative repair of anastomotic leakage was done, and three patients required re-resection of anastomotic strictures postoperatively, and one patient required a third operation(reversed gastric tube) due to an anastomotic stricture. The other anastomotic leaks, strictures or pulmonary complications were resolved with conservative treatment. In conclusion, primary resection and anastomosis of the esophagus was performed successfully on the 6 of 7 children with acid induced corrosive esophageal strictures. This approach is physiologic, especially in children who should have a long life expectancy, and recommended for the treatment of short-segment acid induced corrosive esophageal strictures.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.52.1-52.8
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• 2021

Background: The normal vertebral anatomy of Korean raccoon dogs and their variants require research attention as a prerequisite for identifying pathologies and anomalies. Objectives: This retrospective study aimed at describing the vertebral formula and congenital vertebral anomalies in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). Methods: Radiographs of 82 raccoon dogs (42 males, 40 females) acquired from May 2013 to June 2020 in the Gangwon Wildlife Medical Rescue Center were reviewed to evaluate the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of the spine. Results: Normal morphology of all vertebrae was observed in 50 of the 82 raccoon dogs, and the vertebral formula was cervical 7, thoracic 13, and lumbar 7. Congenital vertebral anomalies were found in 32 raccoon dogs: transitional vertebrae (TV) in 31 and block vertebrae in 2. Two raccoon dogs had 2 types of vertebral anomalies: one had TV and block vertebra, and the other had 2 types of TV. Twenty-nine raccoon dogs had thoracolumbar TV (TTV) and 3 had lumbosacral TV. TTV was morphologically classified into 4 different types: unilateral extra-rib in 5 raccoon dogs, bilateral extra-ribs in 14, bilateral elongated transverse processes in 4, and an asymmetric mixed formation of extra-rib with elongated transverse process in 6. Conclusions: This study showed that TTV is common in Korean raccoon dogs, and that the vertebral formula is relatively diverse. The bilateral extra-ribs type TTV is the most common variant, which is almost similar to normal rib to be confused the radiographic evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2022

Objective : The most common complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is cage subsidence and maintenance of disc height affects postoperative clinical outcomes. We considered cage subsidence as an inappropriate indicator for evaluating preservation of disc height. Thus, this study aimed to consider patients with complications such as reduced total disc height compared to that before surgery and evaluate the relevance of several factors before ACDF. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients who underwent stand-alone single-level ACDF using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage at our institution between January 2012 and December 2018. Our study population comprised 19 male and 21 female patients aged 24-70 years. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. Twenty-seven patients had preoperative bone mineral density (BMD) data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical parameters included sex, age, body mass index, smoking history, and prior medical history. Radiologic parameters included the C2-7 cobb angle, segmental angle, sagittal vertical axis, disc height, and total intervertebral height (TIH) at the preoperative and postoperative periods. Cage decrement was defined as the reduction in TIH at the 6-month follow-up compared to preoperative TIH. To evaluate the bone quality, Hounsfield unit (HU) value was calculated in the axial and sagittal images of conventional computed tomography. Results : Lumbar BMD values and cervical HU values were significantly correlated (r=0.733, p<0.001). We divided the patients into two groups based on cage decrement, and 47.5% of the total patients were regarded as cage decrement. There were statistically significant differences in the parameters of measuring the HU value of the vertebra and intraoperative distraction between the two groups. Using these identified factors, we performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Based on the ROC curve, the cut-off point was 530 at the HU value of the upper cortical and cancellous vertebrae (p=0.014; area under the curve [AUC], 0.727; sensitivity, 94.7%; specificity, 42.9%) and 22.41 at intraoperative distraction (p=0.017; AUC, 0.722; sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 57.9%). Using this value, we converted these parameters into a bifurcated variable and assessed the multinomial regression analysis to evaluate the risk factors for cage decrement in ACDF. Intraoperative distraction and HU value of the upper vertebral body were independent factors of postoperative subsidence. Conclusion : Insufficient intraoperative distraction and low HU value showed a strong relationship with postoperative intervertebral height reduction following single stand-alone PEEK cage ACDF.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to use standard and downward slope of the keyboards with taping to influence electromyography of upper trapezius. The effect of taping raise a medical criticism, but we do an experiment on two kind of keyboards with taping in order to decrease stress of shoulder. Subjects are in Seonam university whose are twelve healthy adults in their twenties. This experiment used two kind of keyboards. Standard keyboard's degree is $0^{\circ}$ and another keyboard's degree is $-7.5^{\circ}$. Application of Kinesio taping attached belly of upper trapezius tightly. Measurement of electromyography attached posterior of acromion process go by spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra and upper trapezius. Method of analysis used Repeated measure two-way ANOVA. Result of this experiment, both shoulder's muscle activity increased(p<.05) when used standard keyboard and downward keyboard with taping used. We compared muscle activity that used downward keyboard than standard keyboard. Statistically, it dosen't increase in neck and shoulder(p>.05). Therefore, using a keyboard with upper trapezius's taping in order to decrease muscle activity isn't influenced.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.313-315
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• 2010

Osteochondromas are common, benign tumors in the long bones, but osteochondromas are rare in the vertebrae. Most vertebral osteochondromas arise from the cervical or upper thoracic spine. However, lumbar osteochondromas have rarely been reported. In this report, a rare case of a lumbar osteochondroma arising from the spondylolytic L3 lamina in a 57-year-old woman is presented. She also had a ruptured disc and lumbar canal stenosis at L4-5-S1. The osteochondroma was completely removed and a posterior lumbar interbody fusion and instrumentation were performed. Considering the rarity of osteochondromas in the lumbar vertebrae, especially the L3 vertebra, it is possible that the pre-existing lumbar spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis was one of the factors affecting the occurrence or progression of the osteochondroma.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.306-316
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• 2007

This study have a object to found out the effects of oriental herb medicine, Antaeeum, to dams of rats and their offsprings. The Antaeeum was savaged to female Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks during gestation periods. Dams of rat were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and were observed major internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th days of gestation were selected randomly and examined with stereo microscopes. Others offsprings were fixed with 95% ethanol for skeletal examinations. The fixed fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S to observe skeletal variations or malformations. Maternal body weight of Antaeeum treated dams have a tendency of increasing compared with control dams. There were no significant difference in internal and reproductive organs of weight or findings. The spleenic organ relative weight of treated dams were decreased compared with the control significaltly (p<0.05). There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetuses and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate and sex ratio. But in the Antaeeum treated group showed lower early resorption rate than that of the control dams. Fetal body weight and number of fetus a dam at Antaeeum treated group were higher than that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Antaeeum didn't induced external malformations. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Antaeeum group, but compared with the control, those variations were not significant. The ossification numbers of rib, cervical, thoracic, and lumber were normal. Fetuses treated with Antaeeum to the dams showed no significant difference in the number of caudal vertebra (P>0.01). From these results, it can be concluded that Antaeeum showed no toxicity effects on maternal side especially on body weight, early resorption rate, and number of live fetuses. Also there were no significant changes on maternal organ weights except spleen, hematological data, reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were examined at vertebra and sternum, this Antaeeum could not induced significant choses in bone malformation.