• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2006

목적 : 경사계와 각도기로 경추, 요추 및 견관절의 운동 범위를 반복 측정하여 두 도구의 측정자내 신뢰도 우위를 추정하여 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 각 관절에 별다른 증상이 없는 104명의 학생들을 대상으로 경추, 요추 및 견관절의 능동 운동 범위를 경사계와 각도기로 각 도구 당 2회씩 측정하였다. 측정하기 바로 전에, 한 명의 교육자가 경사계와 각도기를 이용한 경추, 요추 및 견관절의 운동 범위 측정 방법을 교육하였다. 104명은 두 명 씩 쌍을 이룬 후 각도기, 경사계, 각도기, 경사계를 이용하는 순서로 서로의 경추, 요추 및 견관절의 운동 범위를 측정하였다. 결과 : 견관절의 수평 외전과 외회전에서 경사계의 측정값이 각도기의 측정값보다 통계적으로 의미 있게 안정적으로 반복되었다(P<0.05, 독립 이 표본 t-검정). 결론 : 견관절의 운동 범위 측정에 있어서 경사계가 각도기보다 높은 측정자내 신뢰도를 가지는 것으로 추정되어, 경사계와 각도기의 신뢰도를 급간내 상관 계수(intraclass correlation coefficient)를 이용하여 비교해보는 연구의 예비 조사로서 실시된 이번 연구의 결과는 향후 시행될 연구에 있어서 견관절의 운동 범위 측정에 보다 집중적인 연구를 진행할 수 있는 근거를 마련하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2011

Objectives: This study is to observe the effect of oriental medicine treatment combined with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on traumatic rupture of intervertebral disc patients caused by traffic accidents. Methods: The patients who have traumatic rupture in lumbar(L)-spine(case 1) and cervical(C)-spine(case 2) were treated by oriental medicine treatment in combination with Soyeom pharmacopunture therapy. VAS(visual analog scale), ROM(range of motion), and physical exam were checked on a daily basis while NDI(neck disability index) and ODI(Oswestry disability index) were examined for 3 times at 7 day interval. Results: 1. Fer 8-9 days from the admission day, the sole use of oriental medicine treatment did not make many improvements in the case of two patients' symptoms. After combining with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy, chief complaints were improved significantly. 2. In case 1, lumbago decreased from VAS 10 to VAS 5 and lumbar ROM got better than before. ODl score cropped from 42 to 27. 3. In case 2, left shoulder pain and nuchal pain lowered from VAS 10 to VAS 4, left upper limb numbness and weakness were improved, The patient showed nearly fun ROM. NDI score decreased from 26 to 19. Conclusions: Oriental medicine treatment in combination with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy is proved to be helpful to improve the symptoms of the traumatic rupture of intervertebral else patients caused by traffic accident.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

Background: Patients with advanced asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have postural deviations such as thoracic hyperkyphosis, forward shoulder posture (FSP) due to an increase in head and cervical protraction, reduced shoulder range of motion and a corresponding increase in scapula elevation and upward rotation. Unlike congenital vertebral kyphosis that are permanent and rigid deformities with bony and other structural deformations which cause respiratory impairment, these deformities in these patients may be more flexible. Since the thoracic hyperkyphosis has been implicated as having adverse health consequences it is necessary to evaluated the relationship between thoracic kyphosis and cardiopulmonary functions of patients with COPD and asthma. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Eighty-four eligible patients with COPD and asthma were recruited from the Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), and basic anthropometric parameters, pulmonary parameters, cardiovascular parameters, thoracic kyphosis (Cobb) angle and presence of respiratory symptoms of participants were assessed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: There was no significant correlation between the thoracic kyphosis and selected pulmonary parameters (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1, p=0.36), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC, p=0.95), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR, p=0.16), Thoracic expansion (TE, p=0.27)/cardiovascular parameters (Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP, p=0.108), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP, p=0.17) and Pulse Rate (PR, p=0.93) as well as the respiratory symptoms (SGRQ scores, p=0.11) in all subjects. Conclusion: There was no relationship between thoracic kyphosis and selected pulmonary/cardiovascular parameters as well as respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD and asthma.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare concurrent validity and test-retest reliability based on Craniovertebral angle of 'Angles video goniometer', a smart phone application for convenient range of motion measurement, and 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity. This was conducted to find out whether 'Angle video goniometer' can be used clinically. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Fifty subjects were imaged laterally, and the angle of the head and spine was measured using Image J and the Angles video goniometer, respectively, in a resting posture and a chin in posture. The level of concurrent validity between the two measurement methods and the level of inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability were analyzed. Results: For forty participants, the concurrent validity between Image J and Angles video goniometer showed very high validity with ICC of 0.997(0.995~0.999) and 0.994(0.994~0.998), CVME% 0.71~0.72%, SEM% 0.31~0.34, MDC% 0.86~0.94. The test-retest intra-rater reliability showed very high reliability ICC 0.994(0.991~0.996), CVME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.31~0.43, MDC% 0.86~1.19%. The test-retest inter-rater showed very high reliability ICC 0.995(0.992~0.997), CVME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.43~0.59%, MDC% 1.20~1.62% Conclusions: Angles video goniometer', a smartphone application, is a device with very high reliability and validity for craniovertebral angle measurement in healthy adults, and it is a device that can be easily used in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

Purpose: We evaluated the physical stress and pain to the musculoskeletal system of a dental practitioner when engaging in a dental scaling training exercise to prevent the development of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: The 18 female (average age: 21$\pm$1 years) subjects were voluntarily picked from a group of juniors who have completed a one-and-a-half year training course that includes training exercises on the dentiform and on live subjects (other trainees). The test is done by measuring pain, activity, grip strength, and finger dexterity for each subject's hand and wrist. Before the test all subjects were confirmed to be right-handed and were informed of the study and its objective. Measuring was done before and after each subject performed dental scaling for one hour using the scaler and the curet. Results: Pain levels increased for both hand and shoulders, but hand pain was often greater than shoulder pain. Grip strength significantly declined in the right hand but not the left. For joint mobility, the flexion and the extension for the shoulder joint did not change; but the range of motion for both wrist joints significantly increased. For the dexterity test, both hands showed increased dexterity after the exercise. Conclusion: Dental scaling can affect the shoulders and wrists/hands. Therefore, a musculoskeletal injury prevention program for dental practitioners, which may include encouraging them to assume correct body posture when at work, must be sought. This study evaluated only the shoulders, wrists, and hands; but future studies should include areas such as the cervical area, the back, and the lower limbs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 1996

본과에서는 2 증례의 사경증에 대하여 환자의 경부 운동의 범위를 증가시키고 이와 동시에 경부의 심미적인 V형태를 유지하기 위하여 Ferkel 등에 의한 Biopolar release와 Z-pasty를 이용하여 수술을 시행하였으며 술후 2주 이내에 물리치료를 시행하여 경부운동 범위의 증가와 경부의 심미적인 유지에 비교적 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 증례 2에서는 이미 안모의 변형이 초래된 성인으로 안모 변형의 개선을 위한 이차 수술을 계획중이며, 이러한안모의 변형을 방지하기 위하여는 조기에 이를 진단하고 외과적 및 비외과적인 방법을 통한 적절한 처치가 중요하리라 생각되었다. 이러한 사경증 환자의 초기 치료가 대부분 타과에서 이루어지기 때문에 구강악안면외과 의사에게는 어느정도 생소할 수 있지만 사경증에 의하여 경부나 안모의 변형 등이 발생할 수 있으므로 사경증에 대한 더 많은 관심과 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되어 문한고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.957-963
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• 2015

Objective To compare the pain-reducing effect of forest bathing alone versus forest bathing in combination with stretching and strengthening exercises in patients with chronic posterior neck pain. Methods Sixty-four subjects with posterior neck pain that had lasted more than 3 months were enrolled. They were randomly divided into a forest bathing alone (FBA) group and a forest bathing with exercise (FBE) group; each group included 32 subjects. All subjects from both groups walked every morning in the forest for about 2 hours for 5 days. In the afternoon, the FBE group did a stretching and strengthening exercise for about 4 hours; the FBA group had free time in the woods. Visual analog scale (VAS) on one day, VAS over the previous week, neck disability index (NDI), EuroQol 5D-3L VAS (EQ VAS) and index (EQ index), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), the number of trigger points in the posterior neck region (TRPs), and the range of motion of the cervical spine were evaluated on the first and last day of the program and compared between the two groups. Results The number of TRPs were significantly reduced in the FBE group compared with the FBA group (p=0.013). However, the other scales showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion When patients with chronic posterior neck pain underwent a short-term forest bathing (less than 7 days) program, FBE was more effective in the reduction of the number of TRPs than FBA. However, all other pain measurement scales we evaluated showed no statistically significant difference between the two protocols.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-101
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate influence of the changes of head posture on resting electromyographic (EMG) activity in anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius, and on status of occlusal contacts. For this study twenty-nine patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and thirty dental students without any masticatory symptoms were selected as patients group and control group, respectively. EMG activity($\mu$V) at rest was observed in four kind of head postures such as natural or normal head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), upward head posture(UHP), downward head posture(DHP), and in NHP and FHP, EMG activity with flat occlusal splint was also checked. BioEMG$^\textregistered$(Bioelectromyograph, Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used to record EMG activity in the above four muscles with eight locations on both sides. The author used T-Scan$^\textregistered$(Tekscan Co., USA) system to investigate the changes of oclusal contats on clenching in the four head postures about number, force, time(duration) and total left-right statistis(TLR, occlusal stability crossing left-right dental arch on clenching). For taking in upward or downward head posture, head was inclined $10^{\circ}$ upward or downward and CROM$^\textregistered$ (cervical-range-of motion, Performance attainment Inc., USA) was used to maintain same posture during the procedure. The results obtained were as follows : 1. For resting EMG activity, anterior temporalis did not show any difference by change of head posture, but masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscle showed higher value of EMG activity in FHP and UHP, and trapezius showed higher value of EMG activity in FHP and DHP. 2. EMG activity of trapezius was higher than that of any other muscles in NHP, FHP, and DHP, but in UHP, the activity was the lowest reversely. 3. Patients group showed higher EMG activity than control group did in all the muscles in NHP. And significant difference between the two groups were also observed in anterior temporalis in FHP, in sternocleidomastoid muscle in UHP, and in sterno-cleidomastoid muscle and trapezius in DHP with higher activity in patients group. 4. There was no change of EMG activity in NHp with splint, but EMG activity in anterior temporalis and masseter was decreased in FHP with splint. 5. In general, status of occlusal contacts was not changed with head posture in all subjects, and difference between patients group and control group was only noted for number and force of tooth contact in UHP and DHP with more value in control group. 6. Correlationship between EMG activity and number ad force of tooth contacts was shown negatively with regard to masseter in NHP, and trapezius in UHP and DHP.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2021

Previous studies have reported that deep neck flexor (DNF) exercise can improve neck problems, including neck pain, forward head posture, and headache, by targeting the deep and superficial muscles of the neck. Despite the prevailing opinion across studies, the benefits of DNF can vary according to the type of neck problems and the outcome measures adopted, ranging from positive outcomes to non-significant benefits. A meta-analysis was conducted in this study to assess conclusive evidence of the impact of DNF exercise on individuals with neck problems. We used PUBMED, MEDLINE, NDSL, EMBASE, and Web of Science to search for primary studies and the key terms used in these searches were "forward head posture (FHP)," "biofeedback," "pressure biofeedback unit," "stabilizer," "headache," and "neck pain." Twenty-four eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis and were coded according to the type of neck problems and outcome measures described, such as pain, endurance, involvement of neck muscle, craniovertebral angle (CVA), neck disability index (NDI), cervical range of motion (CROM), radiographs of the neck, posture, strength, endurance, and headache disability index. The overall effect size of the DNF exercise was 0.489. The effect sizes of the neck problems were 0.556 (neck pain), -1.278 (FHP), 0.176 (headache), and 1.850 (mix). The effect sizes of outcome measures were 1.045 (pain), 0.966 (endurance), 0.894 (deep neck flexor), 0.608 (superficial neck flexor), 0.487 (CVA), 0.409 (NDI), and 0.252 (CROM). According to the results of this study, DNF exercise can effectively reduce neck pain. Thus, DNF exercise is highly recommend as an effective exercise method for individuals suffering from neck pain.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.1273-1278
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• 2009

목 적:선천성 근육성 사경은 흉쇄유돌근의 단축으로 경부가 기울어지고 이로 인해 안면의 비대칭적인 발달을 야기하며 목에 종괴가 만져지는 경우가 흔하다. 대부분 생후 수개월 이내에 소실되나 수술이 필요할 수도 있어 빠르고 정확한 진단이 요구된다. 선천성 근육성 사경 발생에 관여하는 산과적 위험요인을 살펴보고 임상 양상 및 치료 경과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법:2007년 2월부터 2008년 8월까지 관동대학교 소아청소년과 외래에 사경으로 내원한 6개월 이하 영아들 중 본원에서 출생한 98명을 대상으로 병력청취, 이학적 검사, 신경학적 검사와 경추 방사선 및 초음파 검사를 시행하였다. 종괴군과 자세군으로 분류하고 산전 병력과 출생력, 산과적 위험요인을 조사하였으며, 재활의학과와 협진을 통해 가정 및 외래에서 물리치료를 받았고, 보호자와 전화 통화 및 외래 면담을 실시하였다. 결 과:진찰 소견 상 36명(36.7%)은 흉쇄유돌근의 종괴나 긴장이 촉진되었으며, 62명(63.3%)은 종괴 없이 목이 한쪽으로 기울었다. 81명의 환아에서 경부 초음파를 시행하였고, 종괴군은 모두 초음파에서 근육성 사경을 확인하였고, 자세군 62명 중 48명이 초음파를 시행하여 1명에서 근육성 사경이 확인되었다. 종괴군의 사경 발견시기는 평균 1.4개월, 자세군은 2.7개월로, 종괴군이 자세군에 비해 어린 나이에 발견되었다(P<0.001). 종괴군은 두혈종과 산류가 자세군보다 흔했고, 자세군은 사두증이 종괴군보다 흔하게 관찰되었다. 안과 검진이나 경추 방사선 검사는 모두 정상이었다. 재활의학과에서 물리치료를 시행한 43명 중 평균 재활 치료 기간은 종괴군 4.6개월, 자세군 2.6개월로, 자세군이 종괴군보다 유의하게 치료 기간이 짧았다(P=0.005). 총 88명의 환아 중 87명이 완전히 회복하였고, 불완전 회복을 보인 1명은 외래 추적관찰 중이다. 결 론:선천성 근육성 사경은 대부분 예후가 좋으나 수술을 요할 수도 있기 때문에 조기에 정확한 진단 및 치료를 요한다. 6개월 이하의 선천성 근성 사경 환아를 대상으로 산과적 위험 요인을 살펴봄으로써 출생 손상 및 복잡 분만과의 관련성을 확인하였고 조기 진단 및 치료를 통해 대부분 호전되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.