• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

Background: We aimed to identify any differences in the structural covariance network based on structural volume and those in the functional network based on cerebral blood flow between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with episodic migraine without aura. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 27 patients with migraine without aura, all of whom had unilateral migraine pain. We defined the ipsilateral hemisphere as the side of migraine pain. We measured structural volumes on three-dimensional T1-weighted images and cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. We then analyzed the structural covariance network based on structural volume and the functional network based on cerebral blood flow using graph theory. Results: There were no significant differences in structural volume or cerebral blood flow between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. However, there were significant differences between the hemispheres in the structural covariance network and the functional network. In the structural covariance network, the betweenness centrality of the thalamus was lower in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere. In the functional network, the betweenness centrality of the anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus was lower in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere, while that of the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus was higher in the former hemisphere. Conclusions: The present findings indicate that there are significant differences in the structural covariance network and the functional network between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of pain in patients with episodic migraine without aura.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

Objective: Classically, single photon emission tomography is known to be the reference standard for evaluating the hemodynamic status of patients with moyamoya disease. Recently, T2-weighted perfusion magnetic resonance(MR) imaging has been found to be effective in estimating cerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya disease. We aim to assess the utility of perfusion-weighted MR imaging for evaluating hemodynamic status of moyamoya disease. Methods: The subjects were fourteen moyamoya patients(mean age: 7.21 yrs) who were admitted at our hospital between Sep. 2001 to Sep 2003. Four normal children were used for control group. Perfusion MR imaging was performed before any treatment by using a T2-weighted contrast material-enhanced technique. Relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV) and time to peak enhancement(TTP) maps were calculated. Relative ratios of rCBV and TTP in the anterior cerebral artery(ACA), middle cerebral artery(MCA) and basal ganglia were measured and compared with those of the posterior cerebral artery(PCA) in each cerebral hemispheres. Using this data, we analysed the hemodynamic aspect of pediatric moyamoya disease patients in regarding to the age, Suzuki stage, signal change in FLAIR MR imaging, and hemispheres inducing symptoms. Results: The mean rCBV ratio of ACA, MCA did not differ between normal children and moyamoya patients. However the significant TTP delay was observed at ACA, MCA territories (mean = 2.3071 sec, 1.2089 see, respectively, p < 0.0001). As the Suzuki stage of patients is advanced, rCBV ratio is decreased and TTP differences increased. Conclusion: Perfusion MR can be applied for evaluating preoperative cerebral hemodynamic status of moyamoya patients. Furthermore, perfusion MR imaging can be used for determine which hemisphere should be treated, first.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.352-361
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• 1999

목적: 경동맥 내막절제술은 양측성 경동맥 협착환자의 뇌혈류 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구는 반대측 경동맥의 폐쇄가 있는 환자에서 경동맥 내막절제술 후 뇌혈류가 어떻게 변화하는지를 아세타졸아마이드 부하 뇌혈류 SPECT로 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 내경동맥 협착(>50%)으로 경동맥 내막절제술을 시행한 77명의 환자 중 반대측 내경동맥의 폐쇄가 있었던 14명(평균연령 66세, 모두남자)을 대상으로 하였다. 하루검사 프로토콜로 Tc-99m ECD 아세타졸아마이드 부하 SPECT를 수술전 2주 이내와 수술 후 2주 이내에 시행하였다. SPECT 영상은 육안적 분석을 통해 뇌혈류와 뇌혈관 예비능의 감소 여부 및 수술 후 변화 여부를 평가하였다. 12명의 환자에서는 수술 전 윌리씨 환의 개통 유무를 수술 후 뇌혈관 예비능의 호전 유무와 비교하였다. 결과: 수술전 뇌혈류는 동측의 2예와 반대측의 10예에서 감소되어 있었고 이 중2예(16.7%)에서 수술 후 뇌혈류가 호전되었다. 뇌혈관 예비능은 동측 대뇌반구에서 4예, 반대측은 9예에서 감소되어 있었고 수술 후 동측의 4예(100%)에선 모두, 반대측도 7예(78%)에서 호전되었다. 전뇌동맥이나 전교통동맥의 협착 혹은 폐쇄가 있으면서 반대측 뇌혈관 예비능이 감소되어 있었던 3예 모두와 전뇌동맥과 전교통동맥이 정상이면서 반저측 뇌혈관 예비능이 감소되었던 4예 중 3예에서 수술 후 동측 뿐만 아니라 반대측 뇌혈관 예비능이 호전되었다. 결론: 아세타졸아마이드 부하 뇌혈류 SPECT를 통하여 반대측 내경동맥의 폐쇄를 동반한 내경동맥 협착 환자에서 경동맥 내막절제술이 수술 부위의 대뇌반구뿐만 아니라 반대측 대뇌반구의 뇌혈관 예비능도 호전시킴을 알 수 있었고, 따라서 아세타졸아마이드 분하 뇌혈류 SPECT는 수술 전후의 뇌혈류 및 뇌혈관예비능의 변화를 평가하는데 유용하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.342-345
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• 2007

The azygos anterior cerebral artery, a rare anomaly in the circle of Willis in which only a single vessel supplies the medial aspects of both anterior cerebral hemispheres, is closely associated with saccular aneurysms. We present three cases of azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysms among the 781 cerebral aneurysms surgically treated at our institution in an 11-year period. These three cases all involved elderly women who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conventional cerebral angiography and CT angiography revealed small saccular aneurysms at the distal ends of the azygos anterior cerebral arteries. These aneurysms were clipped successfully using a bifrontal interhemispheric approach. Hence, the pathogenesis of these particular aneurysms relating to hemodynamic change, associated anomalies, and surgical pitfalls is discussed with review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2019

Background: We utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate the cerebral white matter changes that are associated with phantom limb pain in patients with unilateral arm amputation. It was anticipated that this would complement previous research in which we had shown that changes in cerebral blood volume were associated with the cerebral pain network. Methods: Ten patients with phantom limb pain due to unilateral arm amputation and sixteen healthy age-matched controls were enrolled. The intensity of phantom limb pain was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and depressive mood was assessed by the Hamilton depression rating scale. Diffusion tensor-derived parameters, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), were computed from the DTI. Results: Compared with controls, the cases had alterations in the cerebral white matter as a consequence of phantom limb pain, manifesting a higher AD of white matter in both hemispheres symmetrically after adjusting for individual depressive moods. In addition, there were associations between the RD of white matter and VAS scores primarily in the hemispheres related to the missing hand and in the corpus callosum. Conclusions: The phantom limb pain after unilateral arm amputation induced plasticity in the white matter. We conclude that loss of white matter integrity, particularly in the hemisphere connected with the missing hand, is significantly correlated with phantom limb pain.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2002

Background & Purpose : Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging, one method of perfusion MRI, was developed to define cerebral hemodynamic status with good anatomical resolution. The authors investigated hemodynamic parameters using this imaging method, in an effort to identify hemodynamic changes on the remote crossed cerebellum of patients with a supratentorial infarct. Methods : Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging was performed in 15 patients with only unilateral supratentorial infarcts. Imaging was obtained at the anatomic level of the cerebellum. rCBF, rCBV, MTT and TP were determined over both cerebellar hemispheres of interest. Results : The rCBF and rCBV values of the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere were significantly more decreased than those of the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere in 12 patients(p=0.028, 0.033). MTT and TP values of the contralateral and ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheres didn't reveal any differences(p=0.130, 0.121). Conclusions : The results of this work suggest that the region which are remote from the ischemic brain lesion shows no changes of MTT or TP but show decrease of rCBF and rCBV, mean to diaschisis, it also demonstrates that perfusion MRI is an easily available method to evaluate the hemodynamic status of the brain.

• 대한신경과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.350-353
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• 2018

Ischemic stroke caused by the cerebral vasculopathy is a rare complication of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome. We present a case of recurrent ischemic strokes caused by cerebral vasculopathy in a patient with POEMS syndrome. A 34-year-old man presented with gait disturbance and dizziness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated acute ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery-anterior cerebral artery (MCA-ACA) border zones of bilateral hemispheres. Repeated angiographic studies showed progressive worsening of the left distal internal carotid artery, ACA, and MCA stenoses, along with sustained steno-occlusion of right MCA.

• 감성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.453-468
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• 2012

본 연구는 라벤더(Lavandula angustifolia)향이 성인 남자의 뇌기능에 미치는 효능을 살펴보기 위해 뇌파 변화를 살펴보았다. 라벤더향이 감성에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구는 주로 여자를 대상으로 한 연구가 많고 남자를 대상으로 한 연구가 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신체적으로 건강한 20대 남자 성인(35명)을 대상으로 피츠버그 수면질 지수를 통하여 수면질을 조사하여 실험군과 대조군의 좋은 수면질과 나쁜 수면질의 네 군으로 분류하였다. 뇌파 전극을 10-20 국제법에 의하여 전두부(F3, F4), 측두부(T3, T4), 후두부(O1, O2), 두정부(P3, P4)에 부착하고 라벤더 향기요법 전 3분, 향기요법 중 3분, 그리고 향기요법 후 3분씩 나누어서 뇌파 검사를 시행하였다. 결과에서 수면질이 좋은 군에 라벤더향이 뇌파에 미치는 영향은 양쪽 대뇌반구의 두정부에서 델타파를 증가시키고 오른 대뇌반구 측두부에서 세타파를 증가시키며, 양쪽 대뇌반구의 두정부에서 알파파를 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 또한 라벤더향은 수면질이 나쁜 군의 왼 대뇌반구의 전두부에서 델타파와 양쪽 대뇌반구의 전두부에서 세타파를 증가시켰다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 라벤더향은 수면질이 좋은 남자 성인에서 각성 상태에 관련된 뇌파를 감소시키면서 수면 상태에 관련된 뇌파는 증가시키는 효능이 있었고, 수면질이 나쁜 남자 성인에서는 수면 상태에 관련된 뇌파를 증가시키는 효능이 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.470-474
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• 2000

A Shih Tzu Puppy had clinical onset of anotexia crying and progression of neurological sings when enlargement of the cranial vault at 1 month old and died after showing clinical signs during 2 months period. Radiological and pathological examinations were performed. Radiological findings were homogeneous appearance of the calvaria with cortical thinning, loss of the normal convolutional skull markings and persistent fontanelles. Grossly enlargement of the cranial vault thinning of the bone and defective closure of the fontanelles were also observed. The entire subcortical area of the cerebral hemispheres with severe, dilatation of ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) wits absent. There was parenchyma atrophy affecting chiefly in the white mater and the cerebral cortices, axon degeneration and necrosis and gitter cell infiltration in the whiter matter and the subependymal area. Mononuclear perivacular cuffing in the cerebrum and the pons was shown. Based on the radiological, gross and histopathological findings, this case was believed to have congenital hydrocephalus with nonsuppurative encephahitis. Possible etiology on the case is also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2007

Objective : Repeated administration of mannitol in the setting of large hemispheric infarction is a controversial and poorly defined therapeutic intervention. This study was performed to examine the effects of multiple-dose mannitol on a brain edema after large hemispheric infarction. Methods : A middle cerebral artery was occluded with the rat suture model for 6 hours and reperfused in 22 rats. The rats were randomly assigned to either control (n=10) or the mannitol-treated group (n=12) in which intravenous mannitol infusions (0.8 g/kg) were performed six times every four hours. After staining a brain slice with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, the weight of hemispheres, infarcted (IH) and contralateral (CH), and the IH/CH weight ratio were examined, and then hemispheric accumulation of mannitol was photometrically evaluated based on formation of NADH catalyzed by mannitol dehydrogenase. Results : Mannitol administration produced changes in body weight of $-7.6{\pm}1.1%$, increased plasma osmolality to $312{\pm}8\;mOsm/L$. It remarkably increased weight of IH ($0.77{\pm}0.06\;gm$ versus $0.68{\pm}0.03\;gm$ : p<0.01) and the IH/CH weight ratio ($1.23{\pm}0.07$ versus $1.12{\pm}0.05$ : p<0.01). The photometric absorption at 340 nm of the cerebral tissue in the mannitol-treated group was increased to $0.375{\pm}0.071$ and $0.239{\pm}0.051$ in the IH and CH, respectively from $0.167{\pm}0.082$ and $0.162{\pm}0.091$ in the IH and CH of the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion : Multiple-dose mannitol is likely to aggravate cerebral edema due to parenchymal accumulation of mannitol in the infarcted brain tissue.