• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2006

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the regional cerebral blood-flow(r-CBF) difference between OMT(Oriental Music Therapy) group and control group using brain SPECT, to evaluate the effect of OMT in ischemic stroke patients Classified by Sasang Constitutional. 2. Methods We selected 10 ischemic storke patients, classified groups into OMT group or control group. r-CBF of two groups were examined by brain SPECT. in all group we applied SCM(Sasang constitutional medicine)treatment for 4-5 weaks, and additionally in OMT group We applied OMT for 4-5 weaks. after that all the r-CBF of two groups took brain SPECT again. r-CBF difference and change before and after SCM treatment and OMT were quantified and analyzed using SPM. 3. Results r-CBF of OMT groups were increased compared to control groups. 4. Conclusions This study demonstrated that Sasang Constitutional OMT increased regional cerebral blood perfusion to the corresponding brain areas in ischemic stroke patients.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.49-69
• /
• 2005

This Study was designed to investigate the effect of Sunkihwalhyul -Tang extract(SHT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats, and further to determine the mechanisms of action of SHT on hemodynamics. In addition, this study was designed to investigate whether SHT inhibits lactate dehydrog enase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells and cytokines production in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. The results were as follows 1. SHT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by injecting SHT. These results suggest that SHT significantly increases rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. The SHT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin(IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and methylene blue(MTB, $10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 3. The SHT-induced dilation in PAD was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with IDN and MTB. 4. The SHT-induced some increase in MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with IDN. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of SBT is mediated by guanylate cyclase. 5. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by SHT(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. 6. SBH significantly inhibited LDH activity in neuronal cells. These results suggest that SHT prevents the neuronal death. 7. In cytokine production in the senlm drawn from femoral artery 1 hr after middlecerebral arterial occlusion, sample group showed significantly decreased production of IL-1$\beta$ production, decreased production TNF-$\alpha$ and increased Production of IL-10 compared with control group. 8. In cytokine production in the serum drawn femoral artery 1 hr after reperfusion, sample group showed significantly decreased production of IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ as wellas significantly increased production of IL10 compared with control group. These results suggest that SHT mediated by guanylate cyclase has inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibiting LDH activity, IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ production, and by accelerating IL-10 production. The present author thinks that SHT has an anti-ischemic effects through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive enects on the brain damage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.643-650
• /
• 2017

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases with the common feature of cerebral hypoperfusion. To identify key factors contributing to VaD pathophysiology, we performed a detailed comparison of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). Eight-week old male Wistar and SD rats underwent BCCAo, followed by a reference memory test using a five-radial arm maze with tactile cues. Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was performed with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) system. A separate cohort of animals was sacrificed for evaluation of the brain vasculature and white matter damage after BCCAo. We found reference memory impairment in Wistar rats, but not in SD rats. Moreover, our LDPI system revealed that Wistar rats had significant hypoperfusion in the brain region supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Furthermore, Wistar rats showed more profound CBF reduction in the forebrain region than did SD rats. Post-mortem analysis of brain vasculature demonstrated greater PCA plasticity at all time points after BCCAo in Wistar rats. Finally, we confirmed white matter rarefaction that was only observed in Wistar rats. Our studies show a comprehensive and dynamic CBF status after BCCAo in Wistar rats in addition to severe PCA dolichoectasia, which correlated well with white matter lesion and memory decline.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2008

Background and purpose: So far it was reported that acupuncture increased cerebral blood supply and stimulated the functional activity of brain nerve cells. A previous study demonstrated a correlation between LI4-11 electro-acupuncture (EA) and rCBF increase in frontal lobe. However, there remained a need to study further using various controls in acupuncture research. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used as a non-invasive control in acupuncture study. This study was to evaluate the effect of LI4-LI11 TENS on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal volunteers using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods: In the resting state, $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ brain SPECT scans were performed on 10 normal volunteers (9 males, 1 female, mean age 26.6$\pm$0.5 years; age range from 26 to 27 years). On the other day, 7 days after the resting examination, 15 minute TENS were applied at LI 4 and LI 11 on the right side of the subjects. Immediately after LI4-LI11 TENS, the second SPECT images were obtained in the same manner as the resting state. Significant increases and decreases of regional cerebral blood flow after LI4-LI11 TENS were estimated by comparing their SPECT images with those of the resting state using paired t statistics at every voxel, which were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping with a threshold of p = 0.001, uncorrected (extent threshold: k=100 voxels). Results: TENS applied at right LI4-LI11 increased rCBF in the left somatosensory association cortex (Brodmann area 5, 7). However there was no area where LI4-11 TENS decreased rCBF. Conclusion and suggestions: These results demonstrate that right LI4-LI11 TENS increased rCBF only in corresponding somatosensory association cortex, which was different from the previous results using LI4-11 EA. It is suggested that there be a different mechanism between TENS and EA.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.554-562
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to provide basic data for predicting the usefulness of Gastrodiae rhizoma as a materials for functional foods. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) were measured in rats, following the intravenous injection of processed Gastrodiae rhizoma water extract. In its processing, we used rice water, Sderotium Poriae Cocos and Radix Ligustici Chuanxiaong. The rCBF and BP measurements were continually monitored by a laser-doppler flowmeter and a pressure transducer in the anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for approximately about two to two and a half hours, through a data acquisition system composed of a MacLab and Macintosh computer. The results of the experiment are as follows: the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma significantly increased changes in rCBF in the rats. The rCBF with processed Gastrodiae rhizoma did not change by pretreatment with propranolol, atropin, methylene blue, and indomethacin. But the rCBF of the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma was increased by pretreatment with L-NNA. The processed Gastrodiae rhizoma significantly decreased the changes in BP. However, BP with the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma did not change by pretreatment with propranolol, atropin, methylene blue and indomethacin. On the other hand, BP decreased with the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma pretreatment with L-NNA. These results indicate that processed Gastrodiae rhizoma might increase the rCBF and the BP which are related to nitric oxide synthesis. Also these results indicate that the used of processed Gastrodiae rhizoma in safe, as well as clinically applicable in diet therapy for cerebral related disease and hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association of MRI features with the major genomic profiles and prognosis of World Health Organization grade III (G3) gliomas compared with those of glioblastomas (GBMs). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 76 G3 glioma and 155 GBM patients with pathologically confirmed disease who had pretreatment brain MRI and major genetic information of tumors. Qualitative and quantitative imaging features, including volumetrics and histogram parameters, such as normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV), cerebral blood flow (nCBF), and apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC) were evaluated. The G3 gliomas were divided into three groups for the analysis: with this isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutation, IDH mutation and a chromosome arm 1p/19q-codeleted (IDHmut1p/19qdel), IDH mutation, 1p/19q-nondeleted (IDHmut1p/19qnondel), and IDH wildtype (IDHwt). A prediction model for the genetic profiles of G3 gliomas was developed and validated on a separate cohort. Both the quantitative and qualitative imaging parameters and progression-free survival (PFS) of G3 gliomas were compared and survival analysis was performed. Moreover, the imaging parameters and PFS between IDHwt G3 gliomas and GBMs were compared. Results: IDHmut G3 gliomas showed a larger volume (p = 0.017), lower nCBF (p = 0.048), and higher nADC (p = 0.007) than IDHwt. Between the IDHmut tumors, IDHmut1p/19qdel G3 gliomas had higher nCBV (p = 0.024) and lower nADC (p = 0.002) than IDHmut1p/19qnondel G3 gliomas. Moreover, IDHmut1p/19qdel tumors had the best prognosis and IDHwt tumors had the worst prognosis among G3 gliomas (p < 0.001). PFS was significantly associated with the 95th percentile values of nCBV and nCBF in G3 gliomas. There was no significant difference in neither PFS nor imaging features between IDHwt G3 gliomas and IDHwt GBMs. Conclusion: We found significant differences in MRI features, including volumetrics, CBV, and ADC, in G3 gliomas, according to IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status, which can be utilized for the prediction of genomic profiles and the prognosis of G3 glioma patients. The MRI signatures and prognosis of IDHwt G3 gliomas tend to follow those of IDHwt GBMs.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2002

Background & Purpose : Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging, one method of perfusion MRI, was developed to define cerebral hemodynamic status with good anatomical resolution. The authors investigated hemodynamic parameters using this imaging method, in an effort to identify hemodynamic changes on the remote crossed cerebellum of patients with a supratentorial infarct. Methods : Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging was performed in 15 patients with only unilateral supratentorial infarcts. Imaging was obtained at the anatomic level of the cerebellum. rCBF, rCBV, MTT and TP were determined over both cerebellar hemispheres of interest. Results : The rCBF and rCBV values of the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere were significantly more decreased than those of the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere in 12 patients(p=0.028, 0.033). MTT and TP values of the contralateral and ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheres didn't reveal any differences(p=0.130, 0.121). Conclusions : The results of this work suggest that the region which are remote from the ischemic brain lesion shows no changes of MTT or TP but show decrease of rCBF and rCBV, mean to diaschisis, it also demonstrates that perfusion MRI is an easily available method to evaluate the hemodynamic status of the brain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2005

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of EjinTang-Gamybang(Erchentang-jiaweifang ; ETG) on the change of some values related to obesity and observe the complications coming from obesity in obese rat induced by high fat diet. Methods : Experimental group were as follows ; normal group were fed normal diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to rat during 7 weeks, control group were fed high fat diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample A were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 500 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample B were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 700 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks. Results & Conclusions : 1. Sample A and Sample B significantly decreased body weight, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level, serum phospholipid level and serum leptin level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample B significantly decreased serum total cholesterol level and serum triglyceride level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample B significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. According to above results, the author suggested that ETG was able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity. 4. ETG significantly increased rCBF, and increased CMF in a dose-dependent. 5. ETG significantly decreased MABP in a dose-dependent. 6. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by ETG(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. This results were suggested that ETG significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and activating serum leptin level. So that, the present author thought that ETG had an effects of obesity and complication coming from obesity(ischemic cerebral and cardiac disease).

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2002

Background & Purpose:Neuropsychological disorders after traumatic brain injury(TBI) are poorly correlated with structural lesions detected by structural neuroimaging techniques such as computed tomography(CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). It is well known that patients with TBI have cognitive and behavioral disorders even in the absence of structural lesions of the brain. This study investigated whether there are abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in TBI patients without structural abnormality on MRI, using technetium 99m ethyl cysteinate dimer(Tc-99m-ECD) single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) scans. Materials and Methods:Twenty-eight TBI patients without structural abnormality on MRI(mild, n=13/moderate, n=9/severe, n=6) and fifteen normal controls were scanned by SPECT. A voxel-based analysis using statistical parametric mapping(SPM) was performed to compare the patients with the normal controls. Results:rCBF was reduced in the right uncus and the right lateral orbitofrontal gyrus in the TBI patients. However, no increase of rCBF was noted in the patients in comparison to the normal controls. Conclusions:These results suggest that the TBI patients, even in the absence of structural lesion of the brain, may have dysfunction of the brain, particularly of the orbitofrontal and anterior pole of the temporal cortex. They also suggest that SPECT can be a useful method to identify brain dysfunctions in combination with structural brain imaging and neuropsychological tests.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.419-426
• /
• 2004

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the inhibition of cerebral ischemia in rats. And We measured regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD) in cerebral ischemic rats, and cytokines production in serum Of cerebral ischemic rats. The results were as follows; Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by YGJT(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO) 1 hr, IL-1β and TGF-β production of sample group were similar to that of control group, but sample group was decreased TNF-α production compared with control group, and was significantly increased IL-10 production in compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α production compared with control group, but TGF-β production of sample group was similar to that of control group, and sample group was significantly increased IL-10 production compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 4 hrs, sample group was significantly decreased IL-1β production compared with control group, and sample group was decreased TNF-α production in compared with control group, but TGF-β production of sample group was similar to that of control group, and sample group was increased IL-10 production compared with control group. This results were suggested that YGJT has inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibited IL-1β production and TNF-α production, but accelerated IL-10 production. We thought that YGJT should have an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.