• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 2007

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy(AT, AT-9), electro-acupuncture therapy(EAT) and low level laser acupuncture therapy(LAT) at LRJ on the focal ischemia-induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Methods : In the present syudy, the focal ischemia was induced by Intraluminal filament insertion into left middle cerebral artery. The subjects were divided into five groups after focal brain ischemia. (n=15, in each group) : Control with no treatment, AT with acupuncture at $LR_3$, AT-9 with acupuncture at $LR_3$ and rotating 9 times in a clockwise direction, EAT with electro-acupuncture at $LR_3$ and LAT with invasive laser acupuncture at $LR_3$. Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of acupuncture were observed by mGluR5 mRNA, Bax mRNA, Bcl-2 mRNA, Cytochrome C protein, Cresyl violet-stain and Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-stain in the hippocampus. Results: 1. In LAT, mGluR5, Cresyl violet-stain and ChAT-stain were increased. 2. In LAT, Cytochrome C protein was decreased. 3. In AT-9, Bax, Cytochrome C protein and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were decreased. 4. In AT-9, Bcl-2, Cresyl violet-stain and ChAT-stain were increased. 5. In EAT, Bcl-2 and Cresyl violet-stain were increased. Conclusions: These results suggests that LAT and AT-9 show anti-apoptotic and neuro-protective effects and that LAT and AT-9 may be useful for managing stroke by focal brain ischemia.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Operative morbidity and mortality from gastric cancer have decreased in recent years, but many studies have demonstrated that its prevalence is still high. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors for morbidity and mortality considering the type of complication in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 259 gastrectomies between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 26.6% and 1.9%, respectively. A major risk factor for morbidity was combined resection (especially more than two organs) (P=0.005). The risk factors for major complications in which a re-operation or intervention were required were type of gastrectomy, upper location of lesion, combined resection, and respiratory comorbidity (P=0.042, P=0.002, P=0.031). Mortality was associated with preexisting neurologic disease such as cerebral stroke (P=0.016). In the analysis of differen complication's risk factors, a wound complication was not associated with any risk factor, but combined resection was associated with bleeding (P=0.007). Combined resection was an independent risk factor for a major complication, surgical complication, and anastomotic leakage (P=0.01, P=0.003, P=0.011, respectively). Palliative resection was an independent risk factor for major complications and a previous surgery for malignant disease was significantly related to anastomosis site leakage (P=0.033, P=0.007, respectively). Conclusions: The risk factors for gastrectomy complications of gastric cancer were combined resection, palliative resection, and a previous surgery for a malignant disease. To decrease post-gastrectomy complications, we should make an effort to minimize the range of combined resection, if a palliative gastrectomy is needed for advanced gastric cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2008

A brief ischemic insult induces significant protection against subsequent massive ischemic events. The molecular mechanisms known as preconditioning (PC)-induced ischemic tolerance are not completely understood. We investigated whether kinetic changes of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 during reperfusion time-periods after PC were related to ischemic tolerance. Rats were given PC by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 10 min and sacrificed after the indicated time-periods of reperfusion (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 or 24 h). In PC-treated rats, focal ischemia was induced by occlusion of MCA for 24 h and brain infarct volume was then studied to determine whether different reperfusion time influenced the damage. We report that the most significant protection against focal ischemia was obtained in rats with 8 h reperfusion after PC. Administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg, oral) or rofecoxib (5 mg/kg, oral) 48 h prior to PC counteracted the effect of PC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that COX-2 and HO-l protein were induced in PC-treated rat brain, which was significantly inhibited by rofecoxib. Taken together, we concluded that the kinetic changes of COX-2 expression during the reperfusion period after PC might be partly responsible for ischemic tolerance.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.2 no.6
• /
• pp.499-507
• /
• 2018

For the spatiotemporally aligned observation of photothrombosis induction and transient variations of in vivo brain stroke, we developed a novel photothrombosis inducing system compatible to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system using nonmagnetic stereotaxic equipment. From the spatial point of view, the system provides a more reliable level of reproducibility of the photothrombosis in each brain. From the temporal point of view, from T1- and T2-weighted in vivo MR (magnetic resonance) images, the transient variations such as incidence, location, and size of the thrombosis are measured quantitatively. In addition, the final variation is observed in the ex vivo brain by TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining based on histological assay and utilized for the verification of the MR images. From the experimental result of the rat brain, the proposed system shows more reliable characteristics for transient variations of brain strokes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2019

Background Face transplantation has naturally evolved from reconstructive procedures. However, few institutions perform face transplantations, because it is time-consuming and it is necessary to justify non-vital organ transplantation. We investigated the process of organ donation from brain-dead patients and the possibility of incorporating face transplantation into the donation process. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 1,074 brain-dead patients from January 2015 to December 2016 in Korea. We analyzed the time intervals from admission to brain death decisions (first, second, and final), the causes of brain death, and the state of the transplanted organs. Results The patient base (n=1,074) was composed of 747 males and 327 females. The average period between admission to the first brain death decision was 8.5 days (${\pm}15.3$). The average time intervals between the first brain death decision and medical confirmation using electroencephalography and between the first brain death decision and the final determination of brain death were 16 hours 58 minutes (${\pm}14hours$ 50 minutes) and 22 hours 57 minutes (${\pm}16hours$ 16 minutes), respectively. The most common cause of brain death was cerebral hemorrhage/stroke (42.3%), followed by hypoxia (30.1%), and head trauma (25.2%). Conclusions When face transplantation is performed, the transplantation team has 22 hours 57 minutes on average to prepare after the first brain death decision. The cause of brain death was head trauma in approximately one-fourth of cases. Although head trauma does not always imply facial trauma, surgeons should be aware that the facial tissue may be compromised in such cases.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of task-oriented training for a left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging in a stroke patient with unilateral neglect symptoms. Methods: This study used the ABA experimental design, which is a single-subject research method among individual case research methods. For the ABA experimental design, changes in the degree of unilateral neglect, balance ability, and the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle were visually analyzed during the baseline process, in the intervention period, and after the intervention. The experiments were performed 24 times in total for 8 times in each of the 3 periods. The unilateral neglect was measured using the Albert test, balance ability was measured using the Berg balance test, and the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle was measured using ultrasound imaging. The subject was a 50-year-old male patient with unilateral neglect caused by right cerebral hemorrhage. He performed task-oriented training for a voluntary left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging during the intervention period. Results: The result of comparing the data collected during the intervention period with the data point average of the baseline process showed that balance ability improved and the tendency line was above the baseline. The tendency line of unilateral neglect was below the baseline and showed a decreasing tendency. The thickness of the lateral abdominal muscle showed an increasing trend and the tendency line was above the baseline. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the task-oriented training for left trunk flexion pattern using real-time ultrasound imaging has a beneficial effect on balance ability, the degree of unilateral neglect, and the strength of the lateral abdominal muscle in unilateral neglect patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.64 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2021

Objective : The Solitaire Platinum 4×40 mm stent retriever contains radiopaque markers with a long length. We evaluated the effect of Solitaire Platinum 4×40 mm stent retriever in Solumbra technique thrombectomy, and compared it with shorter Solitaire stent retrievers. Methods : A total of 70 patients who underwent Solumbra technique thrombectomy with equal diameter (4 mm) and different length (40 vs. 20 mm) Solitaire stent retrievers were divided into two groups : the Solitaire Platinum 4×40 mm stent (4×40) group and the Solitaire FR 4×20 mm stent or Solitaire Platinum 4×20 mm stent (4×20) group. The clinical outcomes, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score, the first pass reperfusion status, and complications were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive factors for reperfusion and complete reperfusion from the first pass. Results : Higher first-pass reperfusion and complete reperfusion were achieved in the 4×40 group (68.0% and 48.0%) than in the 4×20 group (46.7% and 33.3%; p=0.004 and 0.007, respectively). In multivariate analysis, radiopaque device and longer stent retriever were correlated with first-pass reperfusion (p=0.014 and 0.008, respectively) and first-pass complete reperfusion (p=0.022 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusion : Our study demonstrated the usefulness of the Solitaire Platinum 4×40 mm stent retriever, which led to higher first-pass reperfusion and complete reperfusion rates than the Solitaire FR 4×20 mm stent or the Solitaire Platinum 4×20 mm stent, especially in Solumbra technique thrombectomy.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.216-230
• /
• 2022

SERTA domain-containing protein 1 (Sertad1) is upregulated in the models of DNA damage and Alzheimer's disease, contributing to neuronal death. However, the role and mechanism of Sertad1 in ischemic/hypoxic neurological injury remain unclear. In the present study, our results showed that the expression of Sertad1 was upregulated in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model and in HT22 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Sertad1 knockdown significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced brain infarct volume, neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, it significantly ameliorated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death in HT22 cells. Sertad1 knockdown significantly inhibited the ischemic/hypoxic-induced expression of p-Rb, B-Myb, and Bim in vivo and in vitro. However, Sertad1 overexpression significantly exacerbated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death and p-Rb, B-Myb, and Bim expression in HT22 cells. In further studies, we demonstrated that Sertad1 directly binds to CDK4 and the CDK4 inhibitor ON123300 restores the effects of Sertad1 overexpression on OGD/R-induced apoptotic cell death and p-Rb, B-Myb, and Bim expression in HT22 cells. These results suggested that Sertad1 contributed to ischemic/hypoxic neurological injury by activating the CDK4/p-Rb pathway.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.997-1005
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of Paljung-san on a patient with a catheter-associated urinary tract infection following a cerebral stroke. Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Paljung-san), and the effects of the treatment were evaluated using blood laboratory tests (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and routine urine analysis. Results: After treatment, the patient's level of infection, as determined by the blood laboratory test and urine analysis, also improved. Conclusion: The results suggest that herbal medicine (i.e., Paljung-san) may be effective for treating catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.382-395
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excess intake of dietary sodium, either directly or indirectly, increases the risk of several diseases, including cardio-cerebral vascular diseases such as stroke and hypertension. Excessive sodium intake and increased prevalence of hypertension have emerged as major issues worldwide. Therefore, the present study evaluated the recent trends in dietary sodium intake and the food sources of sodium intake in the Korean population using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013-2017) data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used the one-day 24-h recall dietary intake survey data from the 2013-2017 KNHANES to determine the average daily sodium intake by sex and age and the main dishes and food groups contributing to the dietary sodium intake. RESULTS: The mean sodium intake range was 3,477.2-3,889.6 mg/day during 2013-2017. The major food groups contributing to sodium intake were seasonings (1,597.5-1,870.5 mg/day), vegetables (680.4-756.7 mg/day), and cereal and grains (573.2-609.4 mg/day). Noodles and dumplings (536.7-573.2 mg/day), kimchi (487.3-539.6 mg/day), and soups (367.6-428.9 mg/day) were the top three dish groups that contributed to the sodium intake. In these dishes, the major sources of sodium intake were ramyeon (age groups 10-18 and 19-29 yrs), baechukimchi (age groups 40-49 and 50-59 yrs) and doenjang-kuk (age groups 60-69 and ≥ 70 yrs), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, reducing the consumption of soups and kimchi is an effective way to reduce sodium intake. Personalized nutrition education on dietary sodium intake management is required because of the different food sources contributing to the sodium intake according to the subjects' age.