• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2013

In order to investigate the significance of "salting-out" and "pore swelling" effects on the nanofiltration of neutral solutes, rejection properties of two NF ceramic and polymeric membranes were studied with single polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solution and mixed PEG/inorganic electrolyte solutions. For both membranes, the rejection rate of PEG was found to decrease significantly in the presence of ions. In the case of the ceramic membrane (rigid pores), this phenomenon was imputed to the sole partial dehydration of PEG molecules induced by the surrounding ions. This assumption was confirmed by the lowering of the PEG rejection rates which followed the Hofmeister series. Experimental data were used to compute the resulting decrease in the Stokes radius of PEG molecules in the presence of the various salts. Concerning the polymeric membrane, the decrease in the rejection rate was found to be systematically higher than for the ceramic membrane. The additional decrease was then ascribed to the swelling of the pores. The experimental data of rejection rates were then used to compute the variation in the mean pore radius in the presence of the various salts. The pore swelling phenomenon due to accumulation of counterions inside pores was supported by electrokinetic charge density measurements.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

BCY($Ba(Ce_{0.9}Y_{0.1})O_{3-\delta}$) oxide, shows high protonic conductivity at high temperatures, and are referred to as hydrogen separation membrane. For high efficiency of hydrogen separation ($H_2$ flux and selectivity) and low fabrication cost, ultimate thin and dense BCY-Ni layer have to be coated on a porous substrate such as $ZrO_2$. Aerosol depostion (AD) process is a novel technique to grow ceramic film with high density and nano-crystal structure at room-temperature, and would be applied to the fabrication process of AD integration ceramic layer effectively. XRD and SEM measurements were conducted in order to analyze the characteristics of BCY-Ni membrane fabricated by AD process.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2005

팔라듐 분리막은 수소에 대한 선택적 투과성능이 우수하여 수소의 분리 정제와 막반응기에 많이 이용된다. 무전해 도금법에 의해 팔라듐을 다공성 세라믹막 표면위에 도금하고 내구성을 향상하기 위한 후처리로서 사염화 티탄($TiCl_4$)을 이용한 에칭으로 팔라듐-세라믹 복합막을 제조하였다. 제조된 팔라듐-세라믹 복합막을 막반응기로 이용하여 수성가스전환반응에 적용하였으며, 여러 가지 실험 변수에 따른 CO 전환율을 조사하였다. 막반응기를 사용하지 않은 전통적인 반응기와 비교한 결과, 적정조건에서 막반응기의 CO의 반응전환율이 20~25% 이상 향상되었다. 막반응기에서의 수성가스반응은 120 h의 운전 결과, CO의 반응전환율이 변함없이 안정적으로 유지되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2015

Low-cost ceramic membrane supports with pore sizes in the range of $0.52-0.62{\mu}m$ were successfully prepared by uniaxial dry compaction method using inexpensive raw materials including kaolin, bentonite, talc, sodium borate, and alkaline-earth oxides in carbonate forms (e.g., $MgCO_3$, $CaCO_3$, and $SrCO_3$). The prepared green supports were sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr in air. The effect of alkaline-earth oxide additives on the flexural strength of clay-based membrane supports was investigated. The porosity of the clay-based membrane supports was found to be in the range of 33-34%. The flexural strength of the clay-based membrane supports with 1% alkaline-earth carbonates was found to be in the range of 42.8-52.7 MPa. The addition of alkaline-earth carbonates to clay-based membrane supports resulted in large increases (47-80%) in the flexural strength of the membrane supports, compared to that of membrane supports without alkaline-earth carbonates. The typical flexural strength of the clay-based membrane support with 1% $SrCO_3$ was 52.7 MPa at 33.8% porosity.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

This work addresses the development of microfiltration ceramic membrane from alumina using extrusion method. The membranes were sintered at different temperatures ranging between 1000 and 1300℃. The alumina was characterized with thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope analysis. Subsequently, the effect of sintering temperature on the membrane properties such as porosity, flexural strength, and pure water permeability was investigated and optimized for the sintering temperature. It is observed that with increasing sintering temperature, the porosity of the membranes decreases and the flexural strength, and pure water permeability of the membranes increase. The uncoated and coated membranes were compared at constant flux mode of filtration. Under the turbidity solution recirculation alone at 100 NTU, trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of uncoated membrane remained constant when the filtration flux was below 121 Lm^-2 h ^-1 , while the coated membrane was 111 Lm_-2 h ^-1 . Although suction pressure increased more rapidly at higher turbidity, coated membrane filtration showed better removal efficiency of the turbidity.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.349-358
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• 1995

The ceramic composite membrane was synthesized by thermal oxidation after evaporation of Al on the support prepared by slip casting process. Oxidation was performed at $700^{\circ}C$ and 80$0^{\circ}C$ under dry oxygen atmosphere. It was considered as optimum oxidation condition that the membrane showed a knudsen behaviro. A further oxidation resulted in an increase of gas permeability because top layer became densified. Then, a multi-layered composite membrane was synthesized through a sol-gel method, evaporation and thermal oxidation of Al coating processes. While the membrane was thermally stable up to 80$0^{\circ}C$, gas permeability was rapidly decreased even at a slight amount of deposition of Al.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.433-449
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• 2016

The successful application of cleaning protocols is vital for optimized filtration processes. A series of experiments with an ultrafiltration ceramic tubular membrane were carried out for the foulants dextran and carboxymethyl cellulose. Firstly, the impact on fouling of concentration changes was investigated with the increase in resistance being used as the key parameter. In the second phase, removal of reversible fouling was also investigated by employing intermittent rinsing consisting of a cold water rinse followed by a hot one. A comparative analysis for both foulants is reported. Across a range of concentrations and for both foulants, the reduction in resistance due to rinsing was found to depend upon concentration (C); it changed as $C^n$ where n was found to be 0.3. A plausible semi-theoretical explanation is given. Thirdly, for both foulants, the application of a combination of strong alkaline solutions with oxidizing agent (mainly sodium hypochlorite) followed by acid was found to be appropriate for cleaning of the ceramic membrane. The effect of increased temperature for cleaning agents followed by a warm water rinse contributed positively to the cleaning capability.

• 멤브레인
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

다양한 산업 중에서 섬유 산업은 섬유 염색을 위해 가장 많은 양의 물을 사용하는데, 이는 여러 종류의 염료를 포함한 폐수의 방대한 배출로 이어진다. 염료의 제거를 위한 방법에는 오존 처리, 흡착 등의 다양한 처리 방법이 존재한다. 하지만 이러한 처리 방법은 폐수 재사용의 문제로 인해 처리 가격이 상승하기 때문에 성공적이지 못하다. 이에 대한 대안으로 막분리 공정이 폐수의 염료 처리를 위한 가장 적절한 기술로 보고되고 있다. 이때 사용되는 분리막은 고분자 분리막과 세라믹 분리막으로 나눌 수 있다. 세라믹 분리막의 장점에는 세척의 용이함, 긴 수명, 내열성, 내화학성, 그리고 기계적 안정성이 있다. 세라믹 분리막은 다양한 원료로 만들 수 있으며, 점토, 제올라이트, 플라이 애시와 같은 천연 재료는 저렴하고 구하기 용이하다. 본 리뷰에서 폐수처리는 크게 한외여과(ultrafiltration), 정밀여과(microfiltration), 그리고 나노여과(nanofiltration) 세가지 공정으로 나누어져 있다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.876-880
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• 2001

The supported and unsupported boehmite ($\gamma$-AlOOH) membranes were prepared using a boehmite sol. The supported membrane was consisted of a porcelain support, two intermediate $\alpha-{Al_2}{O_3}$ layers, and a top boehmite membrane. XRD patterns showed that the supported top membrane had a higher $\theta-$ to $\alpha-{Al_2}{O_3}$ transformation temperature compared to the unsupported membrane. This result was also confirmed from microstructural study of the membrane. The shift in the phase transformation temperature should be explained by difference of a stress generated in the supported top membrane due to interaction between the support layers and the top membrane.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2007

We performed periodic water-back-flushing using permeate water to minimize membrane fouling to enhance permeate flux in tubular ceramic microfiltration system for water treatment of high turbid source. The filtration time (FT) = 2 min with periodic 6 sec water-back-flushing showed the highest value of dimensionless permeate flux ($J/J_o$), and the lowest value of resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$), and we acquired the highest total permeate volume $(V_T)\;=\;6.805L$. Also in the result of BT effect at fixed FT = 10 min and BT (back-flushing time) = 20 sec showed the lowest value of $R_f$ and the highest value of $J/J_o$, and we could obtain the highest $V_T\;=\;6.660\;L$. Consequently, FT = 2 min and BT = 6 sec could be the optimal condition in water treatment of high turbid source above 10 NTU. However, FT = 10 min and BT = 20 sec was superior to reduce operating costs because of lower back-flushing frequency. Then the average quality of water treated by our tubular ceramic MF system was turbidity of 0.07 NTU, $COD_{Mn}$ of 1.86 mg/L and $NH_3-N$ of 0.007 mg/L.