• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2019

Understanding the role of the microbiome in human health and how it can be modulated is becoming increasingly relevant for preventive medicine and for the medical management of chronic diseases. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has boosted microbiome research through the study of microbial genomes and allowing a more precise quantification of microbiome abundances and function. Microbiome data analysis is challenging because it involves high-dimensional structured multivariate sparse data and because of its compositional nature. In this review we outline some of the procedures that are most commonly used for microbiome analysis and that are implemented in R packages. We place particular emphasis on the compositional structure of microbiome data. We describe the principles of compositional data analysis and distinguish between standard methods and those that fit into compositional data analysis.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-75
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• 1999

`역전(驛前) 상점가(商店街)'는 도시 내부에 있어서 자연적 혹은 유기적인 중심지의 계층구조에 의해서 결절된 중심지가 아니다. '기차역'이라고 하는 특수한 기능의 견인력에 의해서 그 부근에 형성된, 오히려 특수 상점가적인 특성을 나타내고 있다. 이 지역은 개항(開港) 이전에는 왜관(倭館)이 있었던 곳이며, 개항 후에는 왜관이 일본인 거류민지로 승격하게 된다. 또한 지금은 점차 쇠퇴하고 있긴 하지만 '차이나 타운'이라고 하여 중국인의 거주지가 이 지역의 서부지대에 아직까지 존속하고 있다. 이곳과 연속적으로 이루어진 지역에 '텍사스 타운'이 있어서 과거부터 주한미군(駐韓美軍)과 외국인 선원들을 고객으로 하는 환락가가 형성되어 있었다. 그러나 지금의 이곳은 '러시아 타운'으로 변하여 가로의 대부분의 간판은 러시아어로 되어 있다. 이 가로를 따라서 가면 러시아 사람들을 많이 만날 수 있다. 이 상점가와 인접하여 '초량시장'이 위치하고 있어서 과거부터 인근의 주택지를 serve하는 중심지로서의 역할을 하고 있었다. 그러다가 1969년 6월 10일에 새로운 역사(驛舍)가 준공되고 부산역이 현재의 위치로 이전해 오면서 과거의 기능에 기차역이 견인하는 기능이 부가하게 된다. 크게 보면, 이러한 두 가지의 속성이 현재 부산역 상점가의 특징으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 역사(驛舍)가 있는 동부지대와 전통적으로 형성되어 왔던 서부지대는 그 토지이용과 구조면에서 않은 차이가 있다. 동부지대는 업무관리기능이 집적하고 있는 반면에 소매업 중에서도 상점가의 계층을 결정할 수 있는 중심성 상점은 전혀 입지하지 않고 있다. 이 지대는 대형의 고충건물이 많은 업무지구이다. 이것은 도심의 축소판으로서의 경향을 오히려 부도심보다도 더 강하게 나타내고 있다는 것이다. 이러한 특징을 가지고 있는 부산역 상점가에 대해서 그 기능구성과 분포를 중심으로 패턴을 밝히려고 한다. 이 연구는 부산시 전체의 내부공간 구조를 밝히려는 일련의 연구의 한 부분의 성격을 지니고 있다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제5호
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• pp.179-208
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• 2002

In this paper, I explained the dominating/dominated relationship of Japan and Colonized Korea by analysing the management system of official documents. I examined the theory and practices of the classification used by the office of the Governor-General for preserving official documents whose production and circulation ended. In summary, first, the office of the Governor-General and its municipal authorities classified and filed documents according to the nature and regulations on apportionment for the organizations. The apportionment of the central and local organs was not fixed through the colonial period and changed chronologically. The organization and apportionment of the central and local organs reflected the changes in the colonial policies. As a result, even in the same organs, the composition of documents had differences at different times. The essential way of classifying documents in the colonial period was to sort out official documents which should be preserved serially and successively according to each function of the colonial authorities. The filing of documents was taken place in the form of the direct reflection of organizing and apportioning of the function among several branches of the office of the Governor-General and other governmental organs. However, for the reason that filing documents was guided at the level of the organs, each organ's members responsible for documents hardly composed the filing unit as a sub-category of the organ itself. Second, Japan constructed the infrastructure of colonial rule through the management system of official documents. After Kabo Reform, the management system of official documents had the same principles as those of the Japan proper. The office of the Governor-General not only adopted several regulations on the management of official documents, but also controlled the arrangement and the situation of document managing in the local governmental organizations with the constant censorship. The management system of documents was fundamentally based on the reality of colonial rule and neglected many principles of archival science. For example, the office of Governor-General labelled many policy documents as classified and burnt them only because of the administrative and managerial purposes. Those practices were inherited in the document management system of post-colonial Korea and resulted in scrapping of official documents in large quantities because the system produced too many "classified documents".

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The study performed literature survey and research on the actual condition of cultural facilities for planning a reasonal architectural plan of being prearranged Gwangcheon cultural art center erection at the old central district of Gwangcheon-Eup(town) in Hongseong-Gun(County), Chuncheongnam-Do(province). It was verified that the law and regulations related with cultural art facilities did not make clear statement of the concept of cultural art center and classified it as a public performing place of a kind of performance facilities. The types of cultual facilities could be classified as performance facilities, libraries, regional cultural welfare facilities, cultural promotion and instruction facilities and they were studied respectively. The main functions of cultural art center was studied with art enjoyment function and art creation function. Through the research on the actual condition of cultural facilities, it was found that there were 12 cultural welfare facilities in Hongseong-Gun(county) however there was no cultural facilities in Gwangcheon-Eup(town) except 1 libraries. So the building of Gwangchoen cultural art center is needed. The location Propriety analysis is conducted and proved appropriated. On the basis of the above studies, the direction of planning, conception of Plan and facilities program were conceived and finally the architectural plans were proposed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

Severities of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) have been recognized at the regular work such as manufacturing but incidence of MSDs are increasing also at the atypical work. The examples of those are health medical workers, office workers and service workers etc. Nurses among health medical workers are accomplishing to manage and recover the patients' health in the first place. Therefore, they are exposed to very stressful work conditions during caring the patients. This study was performed to analyze the musculoskeletal burdened work among nurses at a university hospital, in order to grasp the realities of the MSDs, analyze and prevent MSDs. We surveyed risk factors for ward, intensive care unit, delivery room, newborn room, operation room, function test room and central supply room at a university hospital in Seoul. It was executed for 2 months as the field study that was composed of simulation, real measurement, work motion assessment and subjective assessment. And the results were analyzed into ergonomics techniques. Works according to the criteria of musculoskeletal burdened work by the Ministry of Labor were scrub in operation room and heart ultrasonic function test. And a lot of works that need attention and management were also detected. So it should be required the education and systematic managements of MSDs for nurses.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2001

This project provides designs for renewal of the surrounding environment related to old fountains typically located in cities. In many cities, the fountain element has bee located with a strategic position in the city. Located in the central area of Cheongju, the Sajik Fountain Fountain has significant position in the local city. However, due to changes in the surrounding area and the old-fashioned form of the fountain, it has not contributed substantially to the cityscape. Including the historical Seomoon Bridge and Moosim-Cheon(stream) as Wooam-San(mountain) setting, the surrounding environment of our planning site appear to be a locally important place. In respect to building with a broad function, landscape designers focused on the reconsideration of symbolization as landmark, of the image of Cheongju city, of recognition by removing the horizontal line and of the substantial civil´s use rate. Achieved by working with a sculptor, a new function, the main facility, is managed sculpturally and imaged in a drop of water representing clear, fresh Cheongju city. This plan introduces the image of Wooam-San, Moosim-Cheon(stream), Sangdang-SanSung(A mountain fortress) and elicit a sense of peace, symbolic of Cheongju. The significance of this project is that as the current cities are increasingly developed, small areas left alone in city are reconsidered and offered to the public as efficient, resting and active outdoor space.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.47-117
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• 1999

도시에 관심을 가지는 사람이면 누구나 "도시란 무엇인가?"라는 화두(話頭)가 떠오르게 편다. 그리고 끊임없이 생각을 확장시켜 갈 것이다. 그러나 대부분은 "도시란 무엇인가?"에 대한 대답이 아니라 도시적인 현상, 도시의 특징, 농촌과의 차이점으로 사고(思考)를 진행시켜 갈 것이다. 또한 화두(話頭)가 무엇인지 망각하면서 계속해서 도시를 연구하고 또 분석할 것이다. 이렇게 화두(話頭)와 사고(思考)의 방향이 서로 엇갈리게 되는 경우가 인간의 현상에 있어서는 그리 흔하지 않을 것이다. 도시란 오묘한 존재임에는 틀림이 없다. 도시의 내부구조를 파악하기 위해서, 그리고 그 구조에 영향을 비치는 어떤 공간적인 원리, 나아가서 법칙이 존재한다는 신념을 가지고 있는 것이 도시지리학도들이다. 우리가 관심을 가지는 것은 가시적인 현상이 아니라, 그 현상 뒤에 숨어서 그 현상을 존재하도록 하는 법칙일 것이다. 어떻게 그 법칙을 추구할 수 있을까? 어떻게 하면 진리를 찾을 수 있을까? 과연 찾을 수 있을까? 지리학에 있어서 '무엇이 어디에 있는가?'하는 것은 중요하지 않다. '왜, 어떻게 있느냐'가 중요하다. 그러나 어디에 무엇이 있는지도 모르는 채 '왜', '어떻게'에 대한 정확한 해답을 얻을 수 있을까 하는 의문이 생긴다. 우리는 누적(累積)된 연구 성과의 중요성을 등한시 해서는 안된다. 선배들의 연구 업적을 간과해서도 안될 것이며, 또한 무비판적으로 수용해서도 안될 것이다. 지리학도들은 미시적(微視的)인 공간에 적용되는 원리는 거시적(巨視的)인 공간에도 적용되며, 그 역(逆)도 성립한다는 사실을 인식하고 있다. 본 연구는 미시적인 지역에 대한 접근이다. 부산시 내부에 존재하고 있는 CBD를 비롯한 여러 계층의 중심지(상점가)에 대한 접근의 일환으로 이루어지고 있다. 최종적으로는 부산시 전체의 공간구조를 파악하기 위한 목적을 염두에 두고 지난 10여년간 단계적으로 행하여 온 연구의 한 부분의 성격을 지니고 있다. 부산역 상점가는 부산시 내부에서는 온천장 상점가와 더불어 오히려 특수 기능 상점가의 하나이다. 이곳에 대해서 본 논문에서는 기능별 패턴의 일부, 층별 규모별 패턴, comer의 패턴, 가로별 패턴을 분석하여 부산역 상점가에 대한 접근을 완성하였다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.327-350
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• 2005

본 연구는 보다 효율적인 정보서비스를 위한 주제화 모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 연구의 결과 및 제시한 주제화 모형의 구성과 특징을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학도서관의 운영 패러다임은 논리성보다는 실용성이 강조되고 있다. 따라서, 대학도서관의 효율적인 공간 활용, 장서 구분 및 서비스를 위해서는 '주제화'가 가장 바람직하다. 둘째, 주제화 적용을 위한 가장 필수적인 요건은 주제담당사서의 확보와 충분한 공간인 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 주제화를 적용하기 위해서는 이에 대한 해결이 선행되어야 한다. 셋째, 대학도서관의 효율적인 정보서비스를 위한 주제화 모형으로는 '광역형 주제화 모형'을 제시할 수 있다. 1) 광역형 주제화의 공간모형은 중앙도서관의 경우 대학생을 위한 '학부전용도서관'으로 운영하고, 각각의 주제도서관은 연구를 위주로 하는 교수와 대학원생을 위한 '연구도서관'으로 운영하는 방안이다. 2) 광역형 주제화의 장서 모형은 중앙도서관(학부전용도서관)의 경우 학부생들의 과제 및 학습관련 자료를 제공하고, 각각의 주제도서관은 연구를 위한 서지 및 정보제공에 치중하는 방안이다. 3) 광역형 주제화의 인적자원 모형은 중앙도서관(학부전용도서관)의 경우 참고사서와 이용자교육담당사서 그리고 기능적 업무담당사서를 배치하고, 주제도서관은 주제담당사서와 기능적 업무담당사서 그리고 주제와 연관이 있는 학과의 대학원생을 조교나 보조학생으로 확보해 서비스를 주제별과 이용자별로 차별화하는 방안이다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

This thesis explores the place and role of a performer's action from a perspective of a director and playwright David Mamet's concept for performer training. This thesis takes inspiration from the idea of Mamet's simple and practical investigation specifically in text-based approach with a performer's bodily function on stage. For Mamet, the writings and practices of many different body-centered training are not rooted in the principle and nature of acting/performance. Reconsidering complicated approaches particularly psychological-oriented theory, practice, and assumption draw on several practitioners takes us beyond the field of visible and/or outer appearance of a performer which in turn leads the performer's body to be as abstract therefore not to being in the moment on stage. Arming the points, we argue that whatever disciplines and/or methods necessarily need to meet the principles and demands of acting/performance/theatre to connect to the materials, an action/objective given by a specific playwright which the performer must inhabit through his/her body. Out of the context, any 'method' serves no purpose. That is, the mechanics of an action is an extension of addressing what a performer's specific needs which shifts his/her body to respond appropriately to the theatrical demands. Taking this argument further, we claim that the purpose of performer training should not be understood as learning and improving techniques or skills for his/her self-perfection. The research finding shows that this resembles to the phenomenon that the visible very often precedes the invisible where the performer's body lose a clarity with no more chance to happen and/or change the event(s). Rather, it is a process of learning what/how to learn which in turn brings us back to the central question of why we do training for what purpose in this contemporary era. Exploring and answering these questions is not only a way to employ the key materials applicable to the theatrical demands but also to achieve the identify as a professional performer/doer on stage.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.43-56
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• 1987

The concept of ‘Open Space’ is conceived to be very valuable subject of interest in developing modern settlement system. In Korea, many new and old residential sites have been developed or renewed to fulfil the housing demands. And such trends seem to continue for the time being. What is more, the requirments for more comfortable residential environments, that is deeply concerned with ‘Open Space’, inorease gradually. As a basis for designing more efficent residential environments to fit Korean morden life style, self - grown, traditional and agricultural villages are studied. This study is concenturated on the Open Space System with its socio - cultural and physical backgrounds. For this, data and materials are some widely collected and are analysed focused on the systems and structures of ‘Open Spaee’. Some results from this study are summarized as follow ; 1. It is assumed that the number of houses per village is around 60, and that its area reaches to the radious of 3-4km. 2. ‘POONGSU’is a generally adopted theory based on natural elements like mountians, waters, and orientations when locating villages and composing their spatial structures. As a result of this, the basic structures of villages and Open Space are defined. 3. Circulation system is integrated to the hierachyal order system ; that is, Passing Road \longrightarrowEntry Road\longrightarrowCentral Read\longrightarrowDisperse and Access Road. 4. The natural and agricultural land uses are overlapped with diverse outdoor activities - religious services, play and recreation, relaxation, etc - without any physical modification. 5. At each villages, several artificial and spot - like green facilities are found. And distinctive functions, meanings, and locationalities are given to each of them. On that, they become a visual and psychological centers of each village. 6. In addition to its basic function of circulation, Central Road takes the sence of place for outdoor activities. Because of this charactor, it plays an important role of activating the village life and binding the various Open Space elements.