• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3629-3633
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• 2014

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunosuppressive tumor whose median survival time is only 12-15 months, and patients with GBM have a uniformly poor prognosis. It is known that heredity contributes to formation of glioma, but there are few genetic studies concerning GBM. Materials and Methods: We genotyped six tagging SNPs (tSNP) in Han Chinese GBM and control patients. We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0 statistical package for statistical analysis and SNP Stats to test for associations between certain tSNPs and risk of GBM in five different models. ORs and 95%CIs were calculated for unconditional logistic-regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. The SHEsis software platform was applied for analysis of linkage disequilibrium, haplotype construction, and genetic associations at polymorphism loci. Results: We found rs891835 in CCDC26 to be associated with GBM susceptibility at a level of p=0.009. The following genotypes of rs891835 were found to be associated with GBM risk in four different models of gene action: i) genotype GT (OR=2.26; 95%CI, 1.29-3.97; p=0.019) or GG (OR=1.33; 95%CI, 0.23-7.81; p=0.019) in the codominant model; ii) genotypes GT and GG (OR=2.18; 95%CI, 1.26-3.78; p=0.0061) in the dominant model; iii) GT (OR=2.24; 95%CI, 1.28-3.92; p=0.0053) in the overdominant model; iv) the allele G of rs891835 (OR=1.85; 95%CI, 1.14-3.00; p=0.015) in the additive model. In addition, "CG" and "CGGAG" were found by haplotype analysis to be associated with increased GBM risk. In contrast, genotype GG of CCDC26 rs6470745 was associated with decreased GBM risk (OR=0.34; 95%CI, 0.12-1.01; p=0.029) in the recessive model. Conclusions: Our results, combined with those from previous studies, suggest a potential genetic contribution of CCDC26 to GBM progression among Han Chinese.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.87-124
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the social implication of new media art, which has evolved with the advance of technology. To understand the notion of human-computer interactivity in media art, it examines the meaning of "cybernetics" theory invented by Norbert Wiener just after WWII, who provided "control and communication" as central components of his theory of messages. It goes on to investigate the application of cybernetics theory onto art since the 1960s, to which Roy Ascott made a significant contribution by developing telematic art, utilizing the network of telecommunication. This paper underlines the significance of the relationship between human and machine, art and technology in transforming the work of art as a site of communication and experience. The interactivity in new media art transforms the viewer into the user of the work, who is now provided free will to make decisions on his or her action with the work. The artist is no longer a godlike figure who determines the meaning of the work, yet becomes another user of his or her own work, with which to interact. This paper believes that the interaction between man and machine, art and technology can lead to various ways of interaction between humans, thereby restoring a sense of community while liberating humans from conventional limitations on their creativity. This paper considers the development of new media art more than a mere invention of new aesthetic styles employing advanced technology. Rather, new media art provides a critical shift in subverting the modernist autonomy that advocates the medium specificity. New media art envisions a new art, which would embrace impurity into art, allowing the coexistence of autonomy and heteronomy, embracing a technological other, thereby expanding human relations. By enabling the birth of the user in experiencing the work, interactive new media art produces an open arena, in which the user can create the work while communicating with the work and other users. The user now has freedom to visit the work, to take a journey on his or her own, and to make decisions on what to choose and what to do with the work. This paper contends that there is a significant parallel between new media artists' interest in creating new experiences of the art and Jacques Ranci$\grave{e}$re's concept of the aesthetic regime of art. In his argument for eliminating hierarchy in art and for embracing impurity, Ranci$\grave{e}$re provides a vision for art, which is related to life and ultimately reshapes life. Ranci$\grave{e}$re's critique of both formalist modernism and Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern view underlines the social implication of new media art practices, which seek to form "the common of a community."

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Objectives : Substantial evidence suggests that reinforcing effects of nicotine can be mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. It has been shown that repeated injections of nicotine produce an increase in locomotor activity and expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos, in the dopaminergic target areas. Herbal medicine as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for the treatment of mental dysfunction. Many studies have shown that Radix Scutellariae (RS) can affect the biochemical balance in the central nervous system. Tn order to investigate whether RS has an influence on nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization, we examined the effect of RS on nicotine-induced locomotor activity and c-fos expression in the striatum and nucleus accumbens utilizing the fos-tike immunohistochemistry (FLI). Methods : Male SD rats received RS (200mg/kg, i.p.) 30min before repeated daily injections of nicotine (0.4mg/kg, s.c.) for 7 days. This was followed by withdrawal for 3 days and one challenge for 1 day. Results : System challenge with nicotine produced a much larger increase in locomotor activity and accumbal FLI. Pretreatment with RS significantly inhibited nicotine-induced locomotor activity and FLI in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that reduction in locomotor activity by RS may be reflected by reduction of dopamine release and postsynaptic neuronal activity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Our results suggest that RS may have therapeutic effect on nicotine addiction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2000

항경련 활성을 보인 오미자의 열매로부터 활성물질을 분리하기 위하여 MeOH로 추출하고, 추출물을 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 물로 분배, 추출하였다. 얻어진 각 분획에 대하여 중추 신경계에서 억제성 신경전달물질로 알려진 ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA)의 대사조절효소들인 succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSAR) 및 succinic semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase(SSADH)의 활성을 측정하였다. 활성 억제효과를 나타낸 EtOAc 분획으로부터 silica gel column comatography를 반복하여 sesquiterpene 및 sterol 배당체 각 1종, lignan화합물 4종을 분리, 정제하였다. 각각의 화학구조는 NMR, MS 등의 스펙트럼 데이터를 해석하여, chamigrenal, daucosterol, gomisin A, gomisin H, gomisin N 및 schizandrin으로 동정하였다. 각 화합물에 대하여 활성을 측정한 결과, schizandrin을 SSADH와 1시간 전처리하였을 때 효소의 활성은 65% 억제되었으며, daucosterol의 경우에는 같은 조건에서 SSAR의 활성을 80% 억제하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.150-168
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 압축최종강도(壓縮最終强度)를 기준으로 한 이중갑판구조(二重甲板構造)의 실용적인 안전성(安全性) 및 신뢰성(信賴性) 평가법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 선체상갑판(船體上甲板)에 작용하는 압축응력(壓縮應力)을 기존의 선급규정에 의해 근사적으로 추정하며, 압축최종강도(壓縮最終强度)는 이상화구조요소법(理想化構造要素法)을 적용하여 해석한다. 초기(初期)처짐 및 잔류응력(殘留應力)의 영향과 국부좌굴(局部挫屈) 및 전체좌굴(全體挫屈)의 상관효과(相關效果)를 고려한 이상화판요소(理想化板要素)를 정식화한다. 이상화판요소(理想化板要素)의 정도(精度)와 유용성(有用性)은 단위(單位) 판부재(板部材) 및 상자형 용접구조물(熔接構造物)에 대한 기존의 실험결과(實驗結果) 또는 유한요소해석결과(有限要素解析結果)와 비교하여 확인한다. 본 제안법을 이중선각구조설계(二重船殼構造設計)개념하에서 설계된 정유운반선(精油運搬船)의 갑판구조(甲板構造)의 안전성(安全性) 및 신뢰성평가(信賴性評價)에 적용하고, 초기처짐, 잔류응력(殘留應力)등의 영향과 고장력강(高張力鋼)을 사용한 경우의 효과등에 대해 고찰한다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.364-378
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• 2015

안전 및 재난관리가 사회적인 화두로 등장하면서 중앙 집중적인 안전관리 이외에 지역 안전관리에 대한 연구 및 정책 수요도 증가하고 있다. 기존에 지역 안전관리에 관련된 연구는 기존의 법 제도적인 측면과 조직적인 측면에서 접근한 연구, 기관의 효율적 기능을 위한 논의가 주를 이루었다. 특히 중앙 집중 및 통합형 재난관리에 대한 내용으로 정리되어 왔었다. 그러나 우리나라는 지역별 자연환경의 특성 및 사회적 특성이 다양하므로 기초지방자치단체에서 종합적인 안전계획을 세우려면 실용적인 통계조사와 현황조사가 필요하다. 본고에는 이러한 배경하에 세부적인 안전환경 조사를 위한 프레임워크를 개발하고자 한다. 즉 지역의 특성을 고려한 안전환경 조사 프레임워크를 제안하고, 이를 무안군과 고흥군 지역에 적용하고 실행가능성과 유용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 중앙 정부에서 제시하는 법 제도적인 측면과 지역안전지수와 재난의 4단계별 요소를 프레임워크의 핵심요소로 구성하였다. 두 지역은 기초지방자치단체이면서 재난 약자 비율이 타 지역에 비해 높은 비중을 차지하는 곳이며, 이번 연구에서 제시하는 조사 프레임워크를 활용하여 도출된 결과를 통해 기초지방자치단체장이 실천할 수 있는 안전 정책을 제시할 수 있는 바탕이 되었다. 향후에는 도시 또는 도농 복합지역의 경우를 적용하여 안전환경 조사 프레임워크가 더욱 풍성하게 완성도를 높이게 될 것을 기대한다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Purpose : When the pliability of the Lumbar is degraded, the kinesiology function undergoes an influence and it receives an overload. Finally, it is connected with a Lumbar muscular injury. When it does the regular exercise treatment the lumbago patient the balance and function of changeover are improved. The purpose of this study is to review of effect of the PNF application for lumbago patient Methods : By using internet, we research the PubMed, Science Direct, KISS, DBpia and the article on the effect of PNF. We selected the article between 1970 and 2007. Key words were low back pain, lumbago, PNF. Results : PNF is a therapeutic exercise for central nervous system(CNS) patient and the peripheral nervous system(PNS) patient and it is widely applied from sports medicine in the last. According to research of the Jung Young Jo(2007) and Han Kou Soo(2002), PNF technique improves the pain and a condition of the lumbago patient. And the affection balanced change and dynamic balance change and spontaneous movable scope are improved. And it improved to daily life activity. According to research of Moore and Hutton(1980), Lee Kyoung Hye(1999), PNF stretching where it is one of muscular relaxation is good in lumbar muscle fascia ache solutions, and PNF stretching that muscle is relaxed and increases ROM by Reflective system of the vertebra. These researches is relation all each other. it have appeared many report of research about Pliability, muscular power, balance, mobility improve ADL movement of attendance ability and functional action improved excise therapy put effect about lumbago patient recently, it have appeared research about therapy of lumbago patient through PNF. But PNF technique is not application about lumbago patient in clinic, therefore also it is not enough for case study about this therapy. Conclusion : PNF improve combination operation of muscle, inconvenience decrease from daily life activity, ROM(range of movement) of lumbar is increase and Lumbago reduce. So we suggest that PNF will be applies on the lumbago patient and must do a many research.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.525-535
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• 1999

본 연구는 거더 상면에 연장 형성된 수직돌출부의 양측에 상부 플랜지를 가지는 주형과 바닥 면에 모서리보다 형성되어 있는 바닥 판이 현장에서 그라우팅에 의한 전단 키로 연결되어 교량구조물을 형성하는 새로운 형태의 바닥 판 조립식 교량구조를 제안하고 그에 따른 정적실험 및 유한요소해석을 통해 구조거동을 분석하여 실제 적용가능성을 입증하는데 목적이 있다. 먼저 주형과 바닥 판의 연결부에서 발생하는 구조적 평형조건을 입증하기 위해 주형과 바닥 판의 연결부에 스프링 효과를 이용한 유한요소해석을 통해 바닥 판에서 발생하는 부재 력을 해석하였다. 이때 바닥 판에 가장 불리하게 작용하는 하중위치를 관찰하였으며 이를 실제 정적실험 모델과 동일한 유한요소해석결과와 실험결과의 비교로부터 바닥 판 조립식교량은 설계하중 하에서 충분한 저항내력을 확보하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정적실험에서의 내·외측 주형의 처짐과 유한요소해석결과를 비교한 결과로부터 실험에 의한 처짐이 유한요소해석결과보다 작게 나타났으며 이러한 결과로부터 바닥 판 조립식교량의 실제 강성은 충분한 것으로 증명되었다. 또한 바닥 판 조립식교량에서 주형사이에 가로 보의 설치 갯수에 따른 하중 횡 분배효과 및 바닥 판이 합성된 후의 합성효과 등을 관찰하기 위한 유한 요소해석을 수행하였다. 하중 횡 분배효과는 편심 하중 재하 시에 가로 보의 개수가 3개로 증가하였을 때 가장 현저하게 나타났으며 합성단면에서의 하중 횡 분배는 바닥 판 연결에 의한 합성효과로 인해 비 합성 단면에서의 하중 횡 분배의 약1/2의 크기로써 효과적인 합성효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2005

We previously demonstrated the ability of ginseng saponins (active ingredients of Panax ginseng) to enhance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current. The mechanism for this ginseng saponin-induced enhancement was proposed to be the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from $IP_{3}-sensitive$ intracellular stores through the activation of PTX-insensitive $G\alpha_{q/11}$ proteins and PLC pathway. Recent studies have shown that calmodulin (CaM) regulates $IP_{3}$ receptor-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ release in both $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ and -independent manner. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of CaM on ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current responses in Xenopus oocytes. Intraoocyte injection of CaM inhibited ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement, whereas co-injection of calmidazolium, a CaM antagonist, with CaM blocked CaM action. The inhibitory effect of CaM on ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement was dose- and time-dependent, with an $IC_{50} of 14.9\pm3.5 {\mu}M$. The inhibitory effect of CaM on saponin's activity was maximal after 6 h of intraoocyte injection of CaM, and after 48 h the activity of saponin recovered to control level. The half-recovery time was calculated to be $16.7\pm4.3 h$. Intraoocyte injection of CaM inhibited $Ca^{2+}$-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement and also attenuated $IP_{3}$-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement. $Ca^{2+}$/CaM kinase II inhibitor did not inhibit CaM-caused attenuation of ginseng saponin-induced $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement. These results suggest that CaM regulates ginseng saponin effect on $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^{-}$ current enhancement via $Ca^{2+}$-independent manner.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2004

Acupuncture has fairly good weight-reducing effect in treating simple obesity due to the neuroendocrine regulation. In this study, the antiobesity effects of herbal acupuncture(HA) with Sang-hwang(phellinus linteus) at Fuai(SP16) were investigated in the rat fed on high-fat(HF) diet. Sang-hwang mushroom has been proven to have anti-carcinogenic effects and Sang-hwang extracts are highly effective in treatment and preventive treatment of AIDS, diabetes and high blood-pressure. To determine whether the Sang-hwang herbal acupuncture may have the anti-obesity effect, male Sprague-Dawley(4-wk-old) rats were fed a HF diet for 5 wk, which produced significant weight gain compared to rats were fed a normal diet, and then herbal acupuncture were treated for 3 wk in HF diet group. The body weight, food consumption, food effeciency ratio(FER), body fat mass, plasma nitric oxide(NO) were investigated in rats fed on normal diet, HF diet, and HF diet with HA(HF-diet-HA) groups. NO has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of food intake. In addition, the expression of appetite peptides such as orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y(NPY) and the anorectic peptide cholecystokinin(CCK) were observed in the hypothalamus. HF-HA group reduced body weight gain, FER, body fat contents and NO concentration compared to HF diet group. The expression of NPY was reduced in arcuate nucleus(ARC), and CCK was increased in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) after treatment of HA. In conclusion, Sang-hwang HA reduced adipocity, plasma NO and hypothalamic NPY, but increased CCK expression in the HF dietinduced obesity rat, therefore HA may have anti-obesity action through regulating body weight and appetite peptide of the central nervous system.