• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.348-360
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• 2011

연속적으로 추출한 커피액을 단계별로 일정량 취하여 관능검사를 실행한 결과 고형분의 함량을 시료별로 동일하게 희석하였음에도 에스프레소 추출의 경우 30 mL 이상, 드립커피에서는 200mL 이상 추출한 경우 향미는 감소하고 이취는 증가하여 과추출이 시작됨을 인지할 수 있었다. 이는 추출 단계별로 고형분 성분의 조성비의 변화가 있음을 의미하며 GC/MS로 성분비의 변화를 확인한 결과 4-ethylguaiacol은 통계분석 시 이취에 높은 상관관계를 보여주는 유효 향기성분인 동시에 커피의 재료, 배전도, 추출 방식에 상관없이 추출이 경과함에 따라 성분비가 직선에 가까운 상승비를 보이므로 과추출을 나타내는 지표 물질로 사용할 수 있음을 보여 주었다. Guaiacol과 4-vinylguaiacol은 이취와 통계적으로 높은 연관성을 보인 4-ethylguaiacol에 비해 향기 인지에 큰 영향을 미치는 ordor threshold value가 낮고 피크 면적 %는 큰 차이를 보이지 않으므로 과추출로 인한 이취에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 여겨진다. 이들 성분이 과추출 인지점 이후 증가하는 피크 면적 %를 보이는 것은 세포벽을 구성하는 섬유질의 탄 맛이 일정량 계속 침출되기 때문으로 보인다. 인스턴트커피 및 농축 커피 용액 제조 시 관능검사 결과와 함께 GC/MS로 4-ethylguaiacol의 피크 면적 %결과를 비교 분석하면 용액의 추출수율과 관능적 품질 선호도 즉 경제성과 품질을 최적화할 수 있는 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2008

Recently, people are becoming fatter in most parts of the world. Obesity is regarded as an important risk factor to adversely affect the health of humans, associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, therefore, we tested the short time efficiency and safety of Bangpoongtongsungsan as a drug to decrease body weight in subjects with obesity. A total 48 volunteers (24 man, 24 woman) with body mass index (BMI : weight in kg divided by square of height in meters) of $23㎏/m^2$ participated in clinical study for 12 weeks, from 2008, March 01 to 2008, Jun 30. The subjects was received a dietary supplement of 12 pieces hard capsules per day (4 pieces in one, 3 times in a day) during the clinical study. At the end of clinical study, body weight of subjects was significantly decreased from $72.21{\pm}11.44\;kg$ to $70.53{\pm}11.67\;kg$ (p<0.05). Waist circumferences of subjects were reduced $91.58{\pm}6.43\;cm$ to $85.25{\pm}7.70\;cm$ (p<0.05). Also, a BMI of subjects was significantly decreased $26.07{\pm}2.35\;kg/m^2$ to $25.63{\pm}2.63\;kg/m^2$ (p<0.05). Particularly, a decrease in body weight, waist circumferences, and BMI was more significant in woman than man. But, other biochemical levels including lipid and glucose in plasma had no changes at the end of clinical study. In conclusion, administration of Bangpoongtongsungsan in subjects with high body weight fat could inhibit obesity associated with a decrease in body weight, waist circumferences, and BMI.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.410-417
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• 2013

본 연구는 만 19~60세의 BMI $23kg/m^2$ 이상 여성 61명을 대상으로 12 주간 열량 섭취 제한 시 체중 감량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고 이들의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 12주간의 열량 섭취 제한으로 하루 평균 451.9 kcal가 감소하였고 열량 제한 후 체중은 평균 4.5% 감소하였고, 내장지방량은 11.9%, 피하지방량은 8.2% 감소하였으며, 혈압도 유의하게 감소하였다 (p < 0.01). 혈액지표 중 GPT 농도는 감소하였으며 (p < 0.05), 아디포넥틴 농도는 증가하였다 (p < 0.01). 연령이 증가함에 따라 섭취 열량 감소량이 낮게 나타났다 (r = 0.31, p = 0.02). 젊은 연령에서 열량 섭취량 감소가 컸으며, 연령이 증가할수록 열량 섭취량 감소가 낮게 나타났다. 연령은 독립적으로 신체 조성 변화와 유의한 관련이 있었으며 (p < 0.05), 연령이 증가함에 따라 열량 섭취 제한에 따른 체중 및 내장지방과 피하지방의 감소량이 낮았으며, 특히, 내장지방 감소량이 낮게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 또한, 연령이 증가함에 따라 열량 섭취 제한에 따른 렙틴 농도 감소량도 낮았다 (p < 0.05).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2018

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 전신진동운동(whole body vibration exercise)이 드랍랜딩점프(drop landing jump) 동작에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것으로 진동운동그룹(n=5, VEG, Vibration Exercise Group)과 단순운동그룹(n=5, OEG, Only Exercise Group)을 4주 동안 트레이닝 시킨 후 운동 전과 운동 4주 후 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 실험방법 3차원 영상 데이터는 10개의 적외선카메라(Vicon, UK)를 샘플링 율, 100 Hz.를 사용하여 획득하였으며, 하지 관절의 파워는 2대의 지면반력기(AMTI, USA)를 샘플링 율 1000Hz.로 데이터를 획득 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 무게중심의 변동성은 하강국면에서 가장 크게 나타나 점프 후 착지 시 상해위험성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진동운동그룹은 훈련기간에 관계없이 단순운동그룹보다 점프높이가 증가하였다. 셋째, 운동그룹간의 관절파워가 4주 훈련 후 엉덩관절 P1(굴곡)과 무릎관절 P2(신전)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나, 훈련기간에 따른 하지의 관절파워는 모든 국면과 운동그룹에 관계없이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 훈련기간에 관계없이 진동과 운동을 병행한 진동운동그룹이 운동만을 수행한 단순운동그룹보다 점프높이에 증가를 가져왔으나 점프높이와 하지의 관절 파워와의 일관성 규명할 수 없었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute pulmonary toxicity of metallic silver nanoparticles (MSNPs, 20.30 nm in diameter). Acute pulmonary toxicity and body distribution of inhaled MSNPs in mice were evaluated using a nose-only exposure chamber (NOEC) system. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis, Western blotting, histopathological changes, and silver burdens in various organs were determined in mice. Mice were exposed to MSNPs for 6 hrs. The mean concentration, total surface area, volume and mass concentrations in the NOEC were maintained at $1.93{\times}10^7$ particles/$cm^3$, $1.09{\times}10^{10}\;nm^2/cm^3$, $2.72{\times}10^{11}\;nm^3/cm^3$, and 2854.62 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Inhalation of MSPNs caused mild pulmonary toxicity with distribution of silver in various organs but the silver burdens decreased rapidly at 24-hrs post-exposure in the lung. Furthermore, inhaled MSNPs induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the lung. In summary, single inhaled MSNPs caused mild pulmonary toxicity, which was associated with activated MAPK signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhalation toxicity of MSNPs should be carefully considered at the molecular level.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.530-539
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• 2021

Background: In South Korea, areas around abandoned metal mines are designated as regions with high arsenic (As) contamination. However, studies assessing urinary As exposure, As metabolism, and relevant genetic polymorphisms in residents of these metal mine areas are lacking. Objectives: To identify factors associated with As exposure and evaluate the effects of MTHFR, As3MT, and GSTO1 genetic polymorphisms on As metabolism in residents of abandoned metal mine areas by measuring urinary As species. Methods: Urinary As species (arsenite [As³⁺], arsenate [As⁵⁺], monomethyl arsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid) were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Four genetic polymorphisms (MTHFR A222V, MTHFR E429A, GSTO1 A140D, As3MT M287T) were analyzed in 144 residents of four areas around abandoned metal mines. Results: The study sample was comprised of 34.7% men and 65.3% women, with a mean age of 70.7±10.9 years. The urinary inorganic As concentration was higher among those consuming more than half locally produced rice (0.31 ㎍/L) than those consuming less than half such rice (0.18 ㎍/L). The urinary dimethylarsinic acid concentration was higher in the group that had consumed seafood in the past day (31.68 ㎍/L) than in those who had not (22.37 ㎍/L). Furthermore, individuals heterozygous in the MTHFR A222V and GSTO1 A140D polymorphism had higher urinary arsenic species concentrations than did individuals with a wild type or homozygous for the variant allele. Conclusions: Consumption of locally produced rice was associated with inorganic As exposure, whereas seafood consumption was associated with organic As exposure among residents of abandoned metal mine areas. There was no clear association between MTHFR A222V and GSTO1 A140D polymorphisms and As metabolism.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2020

Background: As a process of aging, skeletal muscle mass and function gradually decrease. It is reported that ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb2 play a role as AMP-activated protein kinase activator, resulting in regulating glucose homeostasis, and Rb1 reduces oxidative stress in aged skeletal muscles through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. We examined the effects of Rb1 and Rb2 on differentiation of the muscle stem cells and myotube formation. Methods: C2C12 myoblasts treated with Rb1 and/or Rb2 were differentiated and induced to myotube formation, followed by immunoblotting for myogenic marker proteins, such as myosin heavy chain, MyoD, and myogenin, or immunostaining for myosin heavy chain or immunoprecipitation analysis for heterodimerization of MyoD/E-proteins. Results: Rb1 and Rb2 enhanced myoblast differentiation through accelerating MyoD/E-protein heterodimerization and increased myotube hypertrophy, accompanied by activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. In addition, Rb1 and Rb2 induced the MyoD-mediated transdifferentiation of the rhabdomyosarcoma cells into myoblasts. Furthermore, co-treatment with Rb1 and Rb2 had synergistically enhanced myoblast differentiation through Akt activation. Conclusion: Rb1 and Rb2 upregulate myotube growth and myogenic differentiation through activating Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and inducing myogenic conversion of fibroblasts. Thus, our first finding indicates that Rb1 and Rb2 have strong potential as a helpful remedy to prevent and treat muscle atrophy, such as age-related muscular dystrophy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권sup1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Considering the high number of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Latin American countries, together with multiple factors that increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, we aimed to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and its association with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a prospective observational study including adult patients with critical COVID-19. Data, including clinical characteristics and 25(OH)D levels measured at the time of intensive care unit admission, were collected. All patients were followed until hospital discharge or in-hospital death. The patients were divided into those surviving and deceased patient groups, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of in hospital mortality. RESULTS: The entire cohort comprised 94 patients with critical COVID-19 (males, 59.6%; median age, 61.5 years). The median 25(OH)D level was 12.7 ng/mL, and 15 (16%) and 79 (84%) patients had vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in deceased patients compared with surviving (12.1 vs. 18.7 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 100% of the deceased patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, other risk factors, and 25(OH)D level were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 84% of critical COVID-19 patients. Serum 25(OH)D was independently associated with mortality in critical patients with COVID-19.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to examine the LC-MS/MS used to identify phenolic compounds of CRE(Coptidis Rhizoma 70% EtOH Extract). Also, we investigated antioxidative activities and Anti-inflammatory activities. Methods : LC-MS/MS Analysis HPLC and LC-MS/MS were performed on a 1260 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., California, USA) and 3200 QTrap tandem mass system (Sciex LLC) operated in positive ion mode (spray voltage set at -4.5 kV). The solvent used was DW and Acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, a gradient system was used at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min for analysis, and a Prontosil C18 column (length, 250 mm; inner diameter, 4.6 mm; particle size, 5 ㎛; Phenomenex Co., Ltd., California, USA, Biochoff Chromatography) was used. The solvent conditions used in the mobile phases were 0-10 min at 10-15% B, 10-20 min at 20% B, 20-30 min at 25%, 30-40 min at 40%, 40-50 min at 70%, 50-60 min at 95%, and 60-70 min at 95%. The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 284 nm and a temperature of 35℃. The cell viability was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethyethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. We examined the effects of CRE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a RAW 264.7 cells Results : The chemical analysis CRE by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed that Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid as phenolic components. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the inhibitory activity of CRE showed at 200 ㎍/mL a statistically significant level. MTT assay demonstrated that the CRE did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Also, CRE reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Conclusions : Based on these findings, The chemical analysis 4 major components CRE such as Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. Moreover, we confirmed that CRE has effects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The results demonstrate that CRE can be used as an antioxidant and a powerful chemopreventive ingredient against inflammatory diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.903-911
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• 2011

B. polyfermenticus CJ6가 생산하는 항세균 활성 물질의 특성을 규명하고 정제하였다. 생육에 따른 항세균 활성은 배양 4시간부터 나타내어 정지기인 배양 8시간에 최대 활성(102,400 AU/mL)을 나타내고 이후 급격히 활성이 감소되었다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6의 항세균 활성 물질은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 처리 시 활성의 50% 저하되고 $70^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 처리시 활성이 완전히 소실되어 열에 불안정하였으며, pH 3.0~9.0 구간에서 안정한 활성을 나타내었다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6의 항세균 활성 물질은 protease, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin을 처리 시 역가가 크게 감소하였으며 proteinase K의 단백분해 효소에 역가를 완전히 상실하여 단백질성 물질임을 추정하였다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6는 E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, S. Typhi, L. monocytogenes의 식중독 세균과의 각각 공동 배양에서 배양 3~6시간 이내에 식중독 세균의 생육을 완전히 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6가 생산하는 항세균 활성 물질은 SPE, recycling preparative HPLC, analytical HPLC을 이용한 4단계의 정제과정을 통하여 최종 항세균 활성을 나타내는 3개의 분획을 분리하였다. 정제된 물질의 분자량을 결정하기 위하여 UPLC를 이용한 ESI-MS/MS를 시행한 결과 3개의 분획에서 분자량이 다른 5개의 peptide(757.4153 Da, 750.3444 Da, 1024.5282 Da, 1123.6083 Da, 1617.8170 Da)를 확인하였으며 이는 기존에 보고된 bacteriocin 분자와는 다른 분자량을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6와 식중독 세균과의 공동 배양 실험에서 B. polyfermenticus CJ6는 식중독 세균에 대하여 매우 강력한 항세균 활성을 나타내며 그 원인물질이 되는 새로운 항 미생물 peptides 물질은 천연식품 보존제 및 사료 보존제뿐만 아니라 정장용 제재, 식중독 예방 및 치료용 생균제재 등으로도 활용이 기대되며, 이를 위하여 분리된 5개의 peptide의 정확한 구조 및 특성 규명 등의 연구가 앞으로 필요할 것이다.