• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate food service management practices in various operation types of child care center in Gyeonggi area of Korea, and to provide basic information for improving food service management policies at child care centers. Self-administrated questionnaires were collected from 102 child care center directors. The statistical analysis was completed using SPSS ver. 18.0 program. Approximately 97.1% of the directors were women. The number of total children were difference in public, private and home care centers respectively (p<0.001), and time of operation was significantly (p<0.01). Only 8.9% of the centers employed a dietitian, whereas 92.5% of the centers employed cook or assistant cook, thus food service was not managed by professionals in most centers. All of the centers had been self-operated and meals were prepared in a conventional manner. In approximately 89.2% of the centers servings snacks twice a day. Menu planner of the centers which have no dietitian was the child care information center (47.5%) or the director (34.7%). In most centers, the directors was also purchasing manager and 36.0% of the center purchased food every day. These results indicated that food service management guidelines need to be established by the child care center type with the government control and financial support. We recommended that they furnish the efficient food service program for food service management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1881-1894
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to provide information on difficulty of performing tasks, degree of task satisfaction, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention as well as investigate correlations among these factors. Data were collected on employees working at Centers for Children's Foodservice Management, which had been operating for over 6 months until December 2013. The recruitment period was from December 16, 2013 to January 30, 2014. A total of 228 employees (79.7%) participated in the study, and 227 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS V20.0 and AMOS V21.0 programs. The main results of this study were as follows: task satisfaction of employees in charge of 'visiting-teaching' for children was highest (4.24 points), whereas that of employees in charge of financial management was lowest (2.92 points). In terms of evaluation of job satisfaction factors, the score of 'co-worker' was highest (3.99 points) while that of 'payment' was lowest (2.45 points). Average scores of general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention were 3.56 points, 3.54 points, and 3.07 points, respectively. Job achievement was the most significant influencing factor on general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. According to the path analysis results, the degree of task satisfaction affected job satisfaction. Organizational commitment had a more significant effect on turnover intention than job satisfaction and mediate both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Although employees of CCFSMs endeavor to improve the quality of child-care facility foodservice, some facilities do not. Controlling turnover intention of employees is especially critical for CCFSMs since it is important for each employees to form strong bonds with child-care facilities as well as to shorten the time required to train new employees. Thus, job satisfaction, which is related to organizational commitment and turnover intention, can be improved by considering poorly scored job satisfaction factors such as wage or workload.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.361-375
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of 3~5 year old children attending kindergarten and childcare facilities in 2010 and 2014. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010 and 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) and included 509 subjects aged 3~5 years old attending kindergarten and childcare facilities. Results: In 2014, rate of skipping meals by children was 16.2%, an increase of 5.5% compared with the rate of skipping meals by children in 2010. Calcium intake in 2014 was 397.41 mg at 3 years old, 419.27 mg at 4 years old, and 414.01 mg at 5 years old. For the mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) of subjects in 2010 and 2014, MAR at 3 years old (0.86) was significantly lower than those at 4 and 5 years old (0.90, 0.91) (p < 0.01). In 2010 and 2014, EAR intake at 3 years old (2.72) was significantly higher than those at 4 years old (2.14) and 5 years olds (1.92) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: As a result, compared with 2010 before establishment of the Children's foodservice management center, there was no improvement in the polarization of nutrient intake of children in 2014. Therefore, researchers believe that a continuous monitoring system developed by nutrition experts and children's foodservice management center are needed to improve the nutritional status of children. Of children between the ages of 3~5 years old, those with intakes under EAR were mostly 3 years old. Therefore, researchers suggest that the infant age group of KDRIs, which is classified as 1~2 years old and 3~5 years old, needs to be reestablished considering the growth and development of infants.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.447-459
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the improvement of teachers' sanitation performance and food distribution environment at Centers for children's food service management after a sanitation education program. Methods: The subjects were 119 teachers working at child care centers registered in the Daejeon Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Dongu and Jung-gu, Daejeon. The sanitation education was provided three times from March to August in 2014, and the survey questionnaires were distributed before and after the education. The sanitation status of food service environment of the centers was examined by ATP(adenosine-5'-triphosphate) bioluminescence. Results: After the sanitation education, the teachers showed higher levels of sanitation knowledge. Also, sanitation performance and recognition level of the importance of it significantly improved after the education program. The mean variation scores of importance and performance after the education were 0.14 and 0.23. According to the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) results of 26 sanitation attributes about the food service environment, the selection attributes with relatively low performance and importance were mostly distributed in the children's and distributer's personal hygiene management area. However, all attributes except using a personal water bottle and cup were moved to high performance and importance level. Also, the ATP examination results showed that the sanitation status of the food service environment was improved after the education program. Conclusions: The sanitation education program was effective in improving the recognition of the importance of sanitation and its performance with regard to food service management.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.539-551
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• 2017

This study investigated the current status and needs for nutrition education to help reduce children's sugars intake at the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFM, n=115), and Child Care Facilities (CCF, n=646) through an online survey conducted from October $5^{th}$ to $30^{th}$ 2015. A total of 14.8% of CCFM respondents and 31.9% of CCF respondents provided nutrition education on sugars intake to young children as a main topic (p<0.001). A higher percentage (CCFM 47.8%: CCF 42.4%) delivered nutrition education on sugars intake to young children as a sub-component (p<0.001). Over 90% of the CCFM and CCF participants agreed on the necessity of providing nutrition education on sugars intake to children. The most common reasons given for delivering nutrition education on children's sugar intake were "there are many more urgent nutrition education topics" for CCFM, and "insufficient nutrition education information and materials" for CCF. The percentage of nutrition education on children's sugar intake provided to the children's parents was low showing about 20% in the both groups. The percentage of CCFM participants providing nutrition, education on children's sugar intake to the teachers in CCF was also low, showing about 14.8%; however, 68.0% of the CCF participants wanted to received teacher's education on guiding children's sugar intake. Regarding ideas about a nutrition education program on children's sugar intake for young children, most respondents in both groups answered "sugar intake and dental cavities or obesity" for appropriate education contents, "story telling or puppet show" for appropriate education methods, and "dietitian from CCFM and class teacher together" for appropriate educator. For appropriate education time, there was a significantl difference between the CCFM responses (average 2.7 times) and the CCF responses (average 4 times). Based on the above results, we found that implementing nutrition education on children's sugar intake at the CCFM and CCF, was low; however, awareness of the need for nutrition education on children's sugar intake and the program development and supply was very high. Also, the opinions of CCFM and CCF participants about a nutrition education program on children's sugar intake for young children can provide foundation data to develop and implement the CCFM-based nutrition education program.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2020

This study investigated microbiological safety of employees' hands, dining tables, and indoor air in cooking areas and lunchrooms in child care centers. Microbiological tests were performed according to the Korea Food Code. Total numbers of aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria were measured as 5.8±1.9 log CFU/hand and 4.0±2.4 log CFU/hand on employees' hands, and 4.3±3.0 log CFU/100 ㎠ and 2.6±3.3 log CFU/100 ㎠ on dining tables. Bacillus cereus were detected in two cases each of employees' hands and dining tables, respectively. The analysis of microbiological contamination of indoor air in chid care centers showed that the total numbers of aerobic bacteria and coliform bacterial were 28±7.2 CFU/plate and 3.1±2.9 CFU/plate, respectively. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were counted as 1.7±0.2 CFU/plate and 1.6±0.5 CFU/plate from the indoor air in child cate centers. These results indicate that indoor-air in child care centers is considered more safe compared to previous reports. In conclusion, it is necessary to carry out hygienic management using alcohol-based disinfectants before meals to remove microorganism contamination on dining tables and hands. In order to reduce microbial contamination in indoor air, it is also deemed necessary to freshen the sanitary caps, masks, and clothing of the catering staff with periodic ventilation of indoor air.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate school dietitians' satisfaction with and needs for School Meal Service Support Centers. A web-based on-line survey was conducted with 1,102 nutrition teachers or school dietitians using four School Meal Service Support Centers during the summer of 2011. The data from 578 respondents (52.5%), consisting of 165 (44.4%), 334 (53.4%), 41 (67.2%), and 38 (86.4%) dietitians using Seoul, Gyeonggi, Suncheon and Gyeongju centers, respectively, were analyzed. The main reason for using the centers was subsidies from local governments. The dietitians using the metropolitan centers, which were Seoul and Gyeonggi centers, tended to buy agricultural products through the centers only, and those using local centers, which were Suncehon and Gyeongju centers, bought those products from the private suppliers as well as from the centers. The dietitians' overall level of satisfaction with the centers was not high showing 3.3 out of 5 points; it was significantly associated with the operating system and services of the centers such as system efficiency, delivery accuracy, communication, and information provision rather than the agricultural products provided by the centers. The dietitians preferred joint operation of the centers by local governments and producers' groups. They wanted School Meal Service Support Centers to be evaluated every year. It was suggested that efforts should be made to improve the operation system and service of School Meal Service Support Centers for improving dietitians' satisfaction with the centers. In addition, an evaluation system for School Meal Service Support Centers should be implemented soon based on school dietitians' needs.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.183-195
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• 2020

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals present in the environment that interfere with the normal hormone functions of various organisms and cause genetopathy, deformities, or cancer. This study surveyed the awareness of EDCs with 242 cooking staff at 242 meal service facilities for children located in a part of Gyeonggi Province. To minimize infants' exposure to EDCs, the subjects were provided with information on EDCs for two months. The behavior of reducing exposure to EDCs was analyzed according to the awareness of EDCs and work ethics. In addition, the effects before and after being provided with the information were evaluated. According to the results, the levels of awareness of EDCs and work ethics' scores of the cooking staff were high with 3.95 and 4.39 points, respectively, out of five points. In addition, a higher awareness of EDCs and a higher work ethics' score were associated with an improved behavior of reducing exposure to EDCs (P<0.05). The overall cooking and cleaning behavior for reducing exposure to EDCs showed improvement after providing information (P<0.01). Therefore, these results suggest that it is important to provide continuous education to enhance the awareness of EDCs, work ethics, and behavior to reduce exposure to EDCs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate children's eating behaviors and teachers' feeding practices during mealtime at child-care centers. In addition, it focused on the difference of teachers' feeding practices on children age under 2 years ( ${\leq}2$ years old) and 3 years and older (3~5 years old). Methods: A total of 169 teachers working at childcare centers in Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea, completed self-report questionnaires in December 2013. The questionnaires were composed of questions on children's eating behaviors, feeding practices; 'Explain', 'Praise', 'Modeling', 'Indulgent', 'Insist' and 'Reward', interaction with home, and a range of demographic information (analysis rate: 51.2%). Results: Approximately 59.2% of teachers had not taken a class on feeding practice and the average score for nutrition knowledge was 14.6 out of 30 points. The most undesirable eating behavior of children during mealtime was 'eating while walking around (36.7%)' both ' ${\leq}2$ years old' and '3~5 years old'. Regarding feeding practices according to children's undesirable eating behaviors during mealtime, there were differences between age groups. When children did not eat all of the foods that were served and did not clean up silverware or seats after having food, teachers caring for '3~5 years old' practiced 'Explain'. However, percentages of those who practiced 'Indulgent' and 'Modeling' were significantly higher in teachers caring for ' ${\leq}2$ years old' than '3~5 years old'. Conclusion: These findings indicated that teachers caring for children lack education and knowledge about nutrition and feeding practice. In addition, verbal feeding practices, like explain, were mainly used by teachers. As a result, for teachers, guidelines and programs for learning about age appropriate feeding practice during mealtime at child-care centers may be needed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.760-770
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to measure the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, eating behavior, physical ability and locomotion of 5-year-old-children, and thereby to provide the fundamental information necessary to develop a nutritionrelated physical education program. A survey was performed on 143 5-years-old boys and 113 girls. The results were as follows. The average score in the nutrition knowledge item, was 7.22 out of a possible 10 points; in the dietary attitude item, 32.46 out of 50 points; in the eating behavior item, 26.67 out of 40 points. According to body measurement, there was a significant difference in height by gender (p<0.05), Significant differences in muscle mass and basal metabolic rate were also observed by gender (p<0.001). Gender also influenced the flexibility and reflexibility (p<0.001), with significant difference in balance of the right side (p<0.01). Although this study was limited by its cross-sectional study design, the body muscle (p<0.05) and basal metabolic rate (p<0.05) were observed to have a positive relation with nutritional knowledge. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and dietary attitude (p<0.01). According to the results, it is necessary to develop a long-term and systematic program with the combination of nutrition and physical education to develop correct dietary habits and for the balanced growth of children.