• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2011

철근콘크리트 부재의 균열은 필수불가결한 현상이다. 따라서 효과적으로 균열폭을 측정하기 위한 많은 경험식이 제시되었고, 또한 간편한 적용성 때문에 철근 간격과 직경의 제어를 통한 간접균열제어법이 제시되고 널리 사용되고 있다. EC2에서는 최대균열간격과 평균변형률의 곱으로 설계 균열폭을 산정한다. 이 연구에서는 재료 특성에 따른 최대철근간격과 최대철근직경을 산정하였다. 특히 인장증강효과 모델과 최대균열간격에 따른 영향을 분석하였고, 이를 콘크리트구조설계기준에서 제시한 값과 비교하였다. 해석 결과 인장증강효과 모델에 따라 큰 차이가 발생하였고, 2차식 형태의 인장증강효과 모델과 Part II의 최대균열간격을 사용함으로써 과소평가되었다. 따라서 2차식 형태의 인장증강효과 모델을 사용함으로써 합리적인 간접균열제어가 가능하다. 또한 이를 통해 휨부재의 사용성 검증에 일관성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이와 함께 균열제어를 위한 두 가지 모델을 제안하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2949-2957
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• 2020

Fatigue crack growth model has been developed for dissimilar metal weld joints of a piping component under cyclic loading, where in the crack is located at the center of the weld in the circumferential direction. The fracture parameter, Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) has been computed by using principle of superposition as K_H + K_M. K_H is evaluated by assuming that, the complete specimen is made of the material containing the notch location. In second stage, the stress field ahead of the crack tip, accounting for the strength mismatch, the applied load and geometry has been characterized to evaluate SIF (K_M). For each incremental crack depth, stress field ahead of the crack tip has been quantified by using J-integral (elastic), mismatch ratio, plastic interaction factor and stress parallel to the crack surface. The associated constants for evaluation of K_M have been computed by using the quantified stress field with respect to the distance from the crack tip. Net SIF (K_H + K_M) computed, has been used for the crack growth analysis and remaining life prediction by Paris crack growth model. To validate the model, SIF and remaining life has been predicted for a pipe made up of (i) SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless steel and SA508 Gr. 3 Cl. 1. Low alloy carbon steel (ii) welded SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless-steel pipe. From the studies, it is observed that the model could predict the remaining life of DMWJ piping components with a maximum difference of 15% compared to experimental observations.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.3219-3226
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• 1994

A model is constructed to evaluate the stress intensity factors for a center crack subjected to polynomial anti-symmetric loading in a layered material. A Fredholm integral equation is derived by Fourier integral transform method. The integral equation is numerically analyzed to evaluate the effects of the ratios of shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and crack length to layer thickness as well as the number of layers on the stress intensity factor. The stress intensity factors are approached to constant values as the number of layers increase and decrease as the polynomial power of the loading increase. In case of the E-glass/Epoxy composite, dimensionless stress intensity factor is affected by cracked-resin layer thickness.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1382-1387
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• 1994

A model is constructed to evaluate the stress intensity factors for a center crack subjected to anti-symmetric loading in a layered material. A Fredholm integral equation is derived using the Fourier integral transform method. The integral equation is numerically analyzed to evaluate the effects of stress intensity factor on the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and crack length to layer thickness. In case of the isotropic homogeneous material, the values of stress intensity factor derived in the present study agree with the previous solutions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2014

In the first part of this paper, the influences of some of crack parameters on natural frequencies of a cracked cantilever Functionally Graded Beam (FGB) are studied. A cantilever beam is modeled using Finite Element Method (FEM) and its natural frequencies are obtained for different conditions of cracks. Then effect of variation of depth and location of cracks on natural frequencies of FGB with single and multiple cracks are investigated. In the second part, two Multi-Layer Feed Forward (MLFF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for prediction of FGB's Cracks' location and depth. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Back-Error Propagation (BEP) algorithms are applied for training ANNs. The accuracy of two training methods' results are investigated.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

This study reviews the factors controlling the weld metal cracking and shows the difference from those of HAZ cracking. It further reviews the recent progresses made in consumable design for improving the crack resistance in the high strength weld metal. Previously the controlling factors for weld metal cracking were regarded as weld metal strength, diffusible hydrogen and weld metal height. However an overall review presented in this article shows that the cold crack resistance can be improve significantly through the microstructural control and that an increase in tensile strength is not necessarily related to a decrease in the resistance to cold cracking.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 1990

The SMC composite, now being considered in certain structural applications, is anticipated to experience repeated loading during service. Thus, understanding of the fatigue behavior is essential in proper use of the composite material. In this paper, using the SMC composite composed of E-glass chopped strand and unsaturated polyester resin three point bending fatigue tests are carried out to investigate the fatigue crack propagating behavior under various cyclic stresses and fatigue damage of various microcrack forms. The following results are obtained from this study; 1) Most of the total fatigue life of the SMC composite is consumed at the initial extension or the growth of the macroscopic crack. 2) A Paris' type power-law relationship between the crack propagation rate and stress intensity factor range is obtained, and the value of material constant m is much higher (m=9~11)than that of other metals. 3) In case of high cyclic stress the fatigue damage show high microcrack density and short crack length, but in case of low cyclic stress does it vice versa. 4) Fatigue damage is characterized by microcrack density, crack length and distribution of crack orientation.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.220-225
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• 2004

The mesh-insensitive structural stress procedure by Dong is modified to apply to the welded joints with local thickness variation and inignorable shear/normal stresses along local discontinuity surface. In order to make use of the structural stress based K solution for fatigue correlation of welded joints, a proper crack growth model needs to be developed. There exist some significant discrepancies in inferring the slope or crack growth exponent in the conventional Paris law regime. Two-stage crack growth model was not considered since its applications are focused upon the fatigue behavior in welded joints in which the load ratio effects are considered negligible. In this paper, a two-stage crack growth law considering high mean loading is proposed and proven to be effective in unifying the so-called anomalous short crack growth data.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.2234-2245
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• 1996

In this study residual stress in weldment was considered about the effect on the fatigue propagation and about the effect of redistribution of residual stress. Then, fatigue tests were conducted by the center notched specimens machined with welded plate. The residual stress and its redistribution after the crack growth were measured by the magnetizing stress indicator and hole-drilling method. Fatigue crack propagation was estimated by the specimens having residual stress redistributed after the cracks growth and having the effects of crack closure. Crack growth rates were predicted and compared with experimental results. It had been found that the predicted crack propagation rates have a good agreement with experimental results when the redistribution of residual stress was considerd.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.589-603
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• 2015

The mixed-mode stress intensity factors of 2-D angled cracks are evaluated by Petrov-Galerkin natural element (PG-NE) method in which Voronoi polygon-based Laplace interpolation functions and CS-FE basis functions are used for the trial and test functions respectively. The interaction integral is implemented in a frame of PG-NE method in which the weighting function defined over a crack-tip integral domain is interpolated by Laplace interpolation functions. Two Cartesian coordinate systems are employed and the displacement, strains and stresses which are solved in the grid-oriented coordinate system are transformed to the other coordinate system aligned to the angled crack. The present method is validated through the numerical experiments with the angled edge and center cracks, and the numerical accuracy is examined with respect to the grid density, crack length and angle. Also, the stress intensity factors obtained by the present method are compared with other numerical methods and the exact solution. It is observed from the numerical results that the present method successfully and accurately evaluates the mixed-mode stress intensity factors of 2-D angled cracks for various crack lengths and crack angles.