• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2013

PURPOSE. To assess the retention of glass fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement into optimum and over-prepared root canals following obturation in the presence of either eugenol (EB) or calcium hydroxide (CB)-based sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Roots of extracted premolars were endodontically-treated in 5 groups (n = 10). Roots of Group 1 (control) were left with no obturation and then optimally prepared to receive endodontic dowels. Other root canals were obturated with gutta-percha in the presence of either eugenol-based (Groups 2 and 4) or calcium hydroxide-based (Groups 3 and 5) sealer. Dowel spaces were prepared with optimal diameter in Groups 2 and 3, one size larger in Groups 4 and 5. Standardized fiber posts were luted to the prepared spaces using self-adhesive resin cement and its retention was then tested on an universal testing machine. Both one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD comparisons (${\alpha}$=0.05) were used to identify the significance of inter-group retention differences. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of both optimally and over-prepared dowel spaces was also considered to figure the nature of their interior out. RESULTS. The post retention was significantly higher to the non-obturated, optimally-prepared dowel spaces of Group 1 compared to the obturated, optimally-prepared ones of Groups 2 and 3. For each dowel space diameter, root canals obturated using CB of Groups 3 and 5 showed significantly higher dowel retention compared to those obturated using EB of Groups 2 and 4. Post retention to the over-prepared dowel spaces of Groups 4 and 5 was significantly higher than that recorded for the optimally-prepared ones of Groups 1-3. SEM images revealed traces of endodontic sealer and gutta-percha on the walls of the optimally-prepared dowel spaces. CONCLUSION. Despite the adverse effect of endodontic sealers on the retention of fiber posts, the over-preparation of dowel spaces helps to improve the retention.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1975

The purpose of this study was to measure the retentive force of various kinds of dental cement. Cross-cutting the half of the occlusal surface, pinholes were prepared on the dentin with No. 557 carbide bur. No. 557 steel burs were cemented in the pinholes and retentive force was measured by removing the burs with Instron testing machine. The Instron testing machine was operated at a rate of 0.2 cm per minute. The following results were obtained : 1. The retentive force of zinc phosphate cement(A), reinforced zinc oxide and eugenol cement and polycarboxylate cement were similar to each other, but that of zinc phosphate cement (A) was the highest of all. 2. The retentive force of zinc phosphate cement (B) was the lowest of all.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2016

PURPOSE. Considering the importance of retention in the success and long-term clinical service of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) as well as the existing controversy regarding the effect of GLUMA desensitizer on the retention of full metal crowns cemented with RelyX U200 self-adhesive cement, this study aimed to assess the effect of GLUMA desensitizer on the retention of full metal crowns cemented using RelyX U200. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this experimental study, 20 sound human premolars were prepared; a 0.5 mm chamfer finish line was prepared above the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups: a desensitizer group (n = 10, treated with GLUMA desensitizer) and a control (n = 10, no surface treatment). Full metal crowns were fabricated of base metal alloy and had a ring. All crowns were cemented with RelyX U200 and subjected to retention test by using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and independent t-test. RESULTS. The mean tensile bond strength was significantly higher in the GLUMA desensitizer group ($230.63{\pm}63.8N$) compared to the control group ($164.45{\pm}39.3N$) ($P{\leq}.012$). CONCLUSION. GLUMA desensitizer increases the tensile bond strength of RelyX U200 self-adhesive cement to dentin.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2014

In case of esthetic restorative procedure with zirconia restoration, we have to use resin cement because of not only just for retention but also esthetic reason. In such a clinical situation, we have to consider two bonding interfaces, one is tooth surface to resin cement and the other is zirconia surface to resin cement. There is well established bonding protocol between tooth surface to resin cement, but bonding protocol of zirconia surface to resin cement is still controversial. In scientific point of view, there are two mechanism for bonding of zirconia restoration.. One is mechanical retention and the other is chemical adhesion. However, we have three different options for bonding of zirconia restoration in clinical situation; 1) Tribo-chemical coating with silica and silane coupling agent 2) Zirconia primer with phosphate chemistry 3) Self-adhesive resin cement with phosphate chemistry.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

PURPOSE. Many dentists use desensitizing agents to prevent hypersensitivity. This study compared and evaluated the effect of two desensitizing agents on the retention of cast crowns when cemented with various luting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety freshly extracted human molars were prepared with flat occlusal surface, 6 degree taper and approximately 4 mm axial length. The prepared specimens were divided into 3 groups and each group is further divided into 3 subgroups. Desensitizing agents used were GC Tooth Mousse and $GLUMA^{(R)}$ desensitizer. Cementing agents used were zinc phosphate, glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement. Individual crowns with loop were made from base metal alloy. Desensitizing agents were applied before cementation of crowns except for control group. Under tensional force the crowns were removed using an automated universal testing machine. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey-Kramer post hoc test at a preset alpha of 0.05. RESULTS. Resin modified glass ionomer cement exhibited the highest retentive strength and all dentin treatments resulted in significantly different retentive values (In Kg.): GLUMA ($49.02{\pm}3.32$) > Control ($48.61{\pm}3.54$) > Tooth mousse ($48.34{\pm}2.94$). Retentive strength for glass ionomer cement were GLUMA ($41.14{\pm}2.42$) > Tooth mousse ($40.32{\pm}3.89$) > Control ($39.09{\pm}2.80$). For zinc phosphate cement the retentive strength were lowest GLUMA ($27.92{\pm}3.20$) > Control ($27.69{\pm}3.39$) > Tooth mousse ($25.27{\pm}4.60$). CONCLUSION. The use of $GLUMA^{(R)}$ desensitizer has no effect on crown retention. GC Tooth Mousse does not affect the retentive ability of glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement, but it decreases the retentive ability of zinc phosphate cement.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention and fitness of crown treated with various desensitizing agents on natural teeth. Varnish, dentin primer, bonding agent and potassium oxalate treated groups and control group with no treatment were used. The retention test was executed with the Instron test machine(Instron Co.,U.S.A.) on 24 hours after cementation with zinc phosphate cement. After retention test, the teeth and crowns were washed and recemented. The cemented crowns were embedded in clear resin and sectioned with a diamond saw. The occlusal and marginal fitnesses, were measured indirectly with a stereomicroscopic photographs. The result of this study were obtained as follows : 1. The retention of control group was higher than any other desensitizing agent treated group. 2. The differences of retention among varnish, dentin primer, bonding agent and potassium oxalate treated groups were not statistically significant. 3. There were no statistically significant difference in fitness at occlusal surface and margin among control, varnish, dentin primer, bonding agent and potassium oxalate treated groups. According to these results, desensitizing agents used to protect the pulp from irritation of luting agents may adversely affect the retention of castings. Therefore, desensitizing agents should be used in limited areas carefully.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.94-99
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• 1995

Naphthalene sulfonated condensatd(NSF) has been widely using for the superplasticizing of ement and concrete. But NSF has a very large mobility loss with elapsed tiom. To retain mobility of NSF during a certain time, maleic anhydride and acrylic acid copolymer(MA) was polymerized and mixed with NSF in order to perpare admixture holding mobility-retention property of cement. By applying this admixture for ement paste, we examined the fluidity and mobility retention property as a function to elapsed time and measured the compressive strength of mortar with curing time. As a result, NSF containing 20wt% of MA showed very excellent fluidity and mobility-retention property. These properties were affected by the added amount of admixture and the ratio of water to cement.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 다이의 수렴각과 치관길이의 차이와 시멘트 종류의 차이가 전부주조관의 유지력에 미치는 영향을 비교한 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 치관 길이 5 mm와 10 mm의 금속다이를 각각 5, 10, 15, 25도의 수렴각을 갖도록 제작한 후 전부주조관을 치과용 시멘트 중, 인산아연 시멘트(Fleck's Zinc Phosphate Cement, Mizzy Co., Cherry Hill, NJ, USA), 레진-변형 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트(Vitremer, 3M Dental Products, St, Paul, MN, USA), 레진 시멘트(Panavia 21, Kuraray Co., Osaka, Japan)로 합착하고 500회 thermocycling을 시도한 후, Instron Universal Testing Machine (Instron Corp., Canton, MA, USA)에 장착시켜, 인장력을 가하여 전부주조금관이 분리될 때 까지 인장력을 측정하여 분리되는 순간의 최대하중값(N)을 측정, 비교하였다. 통계분석은 측정된 각 군간 유지력의 상호관계를 알아보기 위하여 one-way 및 two-way ANOVA를 시행하였고 동일 길이를 가진 시멘트 군 사이에서의 수렴각 차이에 따른 영향, 다이 길이 증가에 따른 영향 및 유지력 차이를 검정하기 위해 t-test를, 수렴각 증가 에 따른 유의성을 살펴 보기 위해서는 Tukey's HSD test를 시행하였다(${\alpha}$=0.05). 결과: 동일 수렴각에서 평균 유지력은 레진 시멘트, 인산아연 시멘트, 레진-변형 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트 순으로 높게 나타났으며 모든 시멘트에서 수렴각의 증가에 따 라서 평균 유지력은 유의차를 보이면서 감소하였다(P<.05). 동일 수렴각에서 10 mm 실험군은 다이 길이 5 mm 실험군과 비교해보았을 때 길이 증가에 따른 유지력의 증가가 통계학적으로 유의차를 나타내면서 증가된 결과를 보였다. 5 mm 실험군에서 유지력은 수렴각의 변화와 시멘트의 종류, 수렴각과 시멘트의 상호영향(interaction)에서 모두 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다(P=.001). 각 시멘트 군에서의 유지력은 10 mm 길이 금속 다이의 수렴각이 증가할수록 유의한 차이를 보이면서 감소한 것으로 나타났다 (P=.0001). 결론: 임상에서 사용되고 있는 특정 치과용 시멘트의 적용시 유지력은 지대치의 기하학적 형태에 영향을 받고 있으며 서로 다른 치관 길이와 수렴각을 가지는 경우 유지 력 증가를 위해 시멘트 선택에 있어 주의가 요망된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

Water soluble hydroxyalkyl methycellulose ethers are used in a variety of applications incluing building industry as a supplementary agent used for incresing adhesives, water retention capacity, workability and viscosity modify. Water retention capacity(WRC) is the capability to contain water in the ploymer chain under condition of being mixed with cement. In general, the WRC is affected by the viscosity, the adding amount, the particle size, the rate of dissolving and the amount of substituted chemical in cellulose ethers. In the other words, WRC is increased as higher the viscosity, more adding amount, finer the particle size and longer the dissolving time of cellulose ethers. This thesis investigated each factor that effect the WRC, particularly the relation between degree of substitution(DS), molar of substitution(MS) and WRC. It is observed that WRC is not nearly affected by DS of cellulose ethers, but is changes proportionally as MS increases in the narrow range(0.10~2.25)

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the availability of adhesive resin cement for luting agent of cast crown. The resin cements used in this study were Panavia-Ex(Kuraray Co., Japan) and C & B-Metabond (Parkell Bio-Materials U.S.A.). Zinc phosphate cement was Flecks zinc cement(Mizzy Inc., U.S.A.) The film thickness of cast crown at gingival margin, lateral wall and occlusal surface was observed with measuring microscope(Modek MXT 70 Matsuzawa Seiki Co., Japan) and the retention of cast crown was measured with Instron Universal Test Machine (Instron Engineering Co., U.S.A.) The results were as follows : 1. The value of retention of cast crown was the highest in the use of Panavia-EX, followed by C & B-Metabond and 2inc phosphate cement, respectively. 2. There was no difference in film thickness among the three cements, but the film thickness in all cements was highest at occlusal surface.