• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.12 no.1_2
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1978

In an attempt to explore the effect of Ginseng on the permeability of the biological membrane to cations we have investigated the effect of Ginseng-alcohol extract on the transport of $Na^+$ human red blood cell preprations. The $Na^+$ influx was measured in intact red cells using $^{22}Na$ as a tracer and the efflux in reseated red cells using $^{24}Na$ as a tracer. 1. The influx of $Na^+$ was not apparently changed by the Ginseng-alcohol extract of 20mg% in the incubation medium. 2. Similarly, 20mg% Ginseng-alcohol extract in the cellular space did not alter the efflux of $Na^+$ from the cell. However, 50mg% of Ginseng-alcohol extract in the cell resulted in a significant increase in the $Na^+$ efflux and this effect was magnified when the cell was suspended in the medium containing the Ginseng-alcohol extract in a concentration of 20mg %. The results suggest that Ginseng-alcohol extract over 50mg% increase permeability of red blood cell membrane to $Na^+$ by altering the membrane integrity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2019

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the anti-aging effects and investigate the effect of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion on the anti-aging properties and intestinal permeation of the potential fish collagen hydrolysates (FCH). Therefore, procollagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production, and Caco-2 cell permeability were analyzed before and after in vitro digestion for FCHs, low-molecular weight fractions (<1 kDa), and high molecular weight fractions (>1 kDa). After being subjected to GI digestion, the level of MMP-1 inhibition was maintained, although the procollagen production was significantly (>20%) lower with all samples. Also, the digested FCHs and their <1 kDa fraction yielded 9.1 and 13.8% increased peptide transport, respectively, compared to undigested samples. Based on the effective intestinal permeation and high digestive enzyme stability, the <1 kDa fraction of FCHs is a potential bioactive material suitable for anti-aging applications in the food and cosmetics industries.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.60 no.4
• /
• pp.321-326
• /
• 2017

We aimed to assess the potential growth-promoting effects of ginger and cinnamon mixtures (GCM) on intestinal bacteria and their anti-inflammatory effects in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation. Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus sp., and Lactobacillus acidophilus served as intestinal bacteria. Further, in the inflammatory co-culture model, Caco-2 cells co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells were treated with GCM before the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Addition of GCM to modified Eggerth Gagnon media at a ginger:cinnamon ratio of 1:5 increased the growth of B. longum, Lactobacillus sp., and L. acidophilus compared to that of the control. In a cellular model, compared to LPS-treated groups, GCM-treated groups maintained high transepithelial electrical resistance at ginger:cinnamon ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:7 and decreased the tight junction permeability at 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 ratios, similar to that shown by the control groups. In addition, GCM-treated groups showed decreased levels of nitrite at 1:1, 1:5, and 1:7 ginger:cinnamon ratios. Based on these results, it can be concluded that among the various combinations of GCM, the ginger:cinnamon ratio of 1:5 is the optimal composite ratio that shows positive effects on the intestinal beneficial bacteria and in anti-inflammation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.483-489
• /
• 2004

Fexofenadine HCl is non-sedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist that can be used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the carriers of deformable liposomes can enhance the transepithelial permeability of fexofenadine HCl across the in vitro ALI human nasal monolayer model. Characterization of this model was achieved by bioelectric measurements and morphological studies. The passage 2 and 3 of cell monolayers exhibited the TEER value of $2852\;{\pm}\;482\;ohm\;{\times}\;cm^2$ on 11 days of seeding and maintained high TEER value for 5 days. The deformable liposome of fexofenadine HCl was prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholic acid using extruder method. The mean particle size was about 200 nm and the maximum entrapment efficiency of 33.0% was obtained in the formulation of 1% PC and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ fexofenadine HCl. The toxicity of the deformable liposome to human nasal monolayers was evaluated by MTT assay and TEER value change. MTT assay showed that it has no toxic effect on the nasal epithelial cells in 2-hour incubation when the PC concentration was below 1%. However, deformable liposome could not enhance the transepithelial permeability $(P_{app})$ and cellular uptake of fexofenadine HCl. In conclusion, the in vitro model could be used in nasal drug transport studies and evaluation of transepithelial permeability of formulations.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.103-118
• /
• 2012

In this study, the cellular protective effect of isoquercitrin against $H_2O_2$ and rose bengal-indued HaCaT cell damage was investigated. The ethosome and elastic liposome for enhanced transdermal delivery were prepared. Particle size, loading efficiency and cumulative permeated amounts of them were evaluated. Isoquercitrin didn't show any characteristic cytotoxicity at 50 ${\mu}M$. When HaCaT cells were treated with 5 mM $H_2O_2$ and 25 ${\mu}M$ rose bengal, isoquercitrin protected the cells against the oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner (6.25 ~ 50 ${\mu}M$). The size of 0.03 % isoquercitrin loaded ethosome was 222.85 nm and the loading efficiency was 82.26 %. The ethosome loaded with 0.03 % isoquercitrin was stable and maintained the constant particle size for 2 weeks after being prepared. The ethosome exhibited more enhanced skin permeability than general liposome and ethanol solution. The optimal ratio of lipid to surfactant of 0.1 % isoquercitrin loaded elastic liposomes was observed to be 89 : 5 through evaluating particle size (341.2 nm), deformability index (59.89), loading efficiency (54.3 %), and skin permeability (54.4 %).

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 1999

Cytolysin produced by Vibrio vulnificus has been known to be lethal to mice by increasing vascular permeability and neutrophil sequestration in the lung. In the present study, a cytotoxic mechanism of V. vulnificus cytolysin on the neutrophil was investigated. Cytolysin rapidly bound to neutrophils and induced cell death, as determined by the trypan blue exclusion test. V. vulnificus cytolysin caused the depletion of cellular ATP without the release of ATP or lactate dehydrogenase. Formation of transmembrane pores was evidenced by the rapid efflux of potassium and 2-deoxy-D-[$^3H$]glucose from cytolysin-treated neutrophils. It was further confirmed by the rapid flow of monovalent ions in the patch clamp of cytolysin-treated neutrophil membrane. The pore formation was accompanied by the oligomerization of cytolysin monomers on the neutrophil membrane as demonstrated by immunoblot, which exhibited a 210 kDa band corresponding to a tetramer of the native cytolysin of $M_r$ 51,000. These findings indicate that V. vulnificus cytolysin rapidly binds to the neutrophil membrane and oligomerizes to form small transmembrane pores, which induce the efflux of potassium and the depletion of cellular ATP leading to cell death without cytolysis.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2003

For the reduction of electromagnetic biological effects from cellular phones, the electrical field radiation from cellular phone antenna is reduced by using partial ferrite material added on the phone case as ground plane. On the given properties (permittivity, permeability and conductivity) of ferrite material, the characteristics of monopole antenna is analysed depending on the variation of ferrite added configuration(thickness and shape). According to this analysis, the design method and direction to minimize the biological effects to human head is proposed in 1.7 GHz band PCS phones. For the exact analysis involving the permittivity, per-meability and conductivity of ferrite material, FDTD numerical method is used.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 1997

The superoxide anion radical$(O_2)$ poses a threat to macromocules and cell organelles of the living cells. This toxicity damage to all groups of proteins results in loss of enzyme function concerned with metabolism and ion transport, and peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol results in a change of permeability characteristics of the membrane, and oxidative of nucleic acids results in genomic damage and thereby cause mutation, potential carcinogenesis and somatic damage that produce cellular aging Superoxide dismutase(SOD) has received substantial attention as a potential therapeutic agent. It has been investigated as a possible agent for the prevention of ontogenesis, the reduction of cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs, and protection against damage in ischemic tissue. It is suggest that $O_2$ is concerned with cellular aging, thereafter we need to investigate herb that activated to SOD.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.435-439
• /
• 2003

Plant cell culture can be divide into two classes non-organic culture and organic culture. Non-organic culture such as suspension culture has many researches, however organic culture about recombinant protein production has little researches. Recombinant protein produced through organ culture is quite stable and it can make proteins by itself without any grow regulators. Therefore organ culture is much easier than other methods. In this research, we used transformed tobacco seed. At first we germinated the seed then separated stems and leaves from the grown plant. And raised in liquid medium by in vitro vegetative reproduction. Continuing most suitable conditions, we compared the Quantities of recombinant protein from intra cellular with from extra cellular. And adding some permeabilizing agents (Pluronic F-68, Triton X-100, DMSO, PEG8000), we increased the productivity of the recombinant protein.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.891-899
• /
• 2016

The recently isolated aniline-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas migulae AN-1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to investigate its bioaugmentation potential against aniline-contaminated groundwater through microcosm experiments. The survival and cellular response of GFP-tagged AN-1 introduced in a lab-scale aquifer corresponded directly with aniline consumption. During the process, the GFP-tagged AN-1 biomass increased from 7.52 × 10⁵ cells/ml to 128 × 10⁵ cells/ml and the degradation rate of aniline was 6.04 mg/l/h. GFP-tagged AN-1 was moderately hydrophobic (41.74%-47.69%) when treated with 20-100 mg/l aniline and exhibited relatively strong hydrophobicity (55.25%-65.78%) when the concentration of aniline was ≥100 mg/l. The membrane permeability of AN-1 increased followed by a rise in aniline below 100 mg/l and was invariable with aniline above 100 mg/l. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (accounted for 99.22% in the non-bioaugmentation samples) changed to 89.23% after bioaugmentation with GFP-tagged AN-1. Actinobacteria increased from 0.29% to 2.01%, whereas the abundance of Firmicutes barely changed. These combined findings demonstrate the feasibility of removing aniline in aquifers by introducing the strain AN-1 and provide valuable information on the changes in the diversity of dominant populations during bioaugmentation.