• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.817-823
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• 2019

노화는 광범위한 생리 변화이다. 노화가 진행됨에 따라 면역반응은 쇠퇴하고 조절장애가 나타나는데 이를 포괄적 의미로 immunosenescense라고 정의한다. 내재면역반응과 적응면역 반응 모두의 면역 성분은 노화가 진행됨에 따라 영향을 받아 감염성 질병에 대한 취약성이 증가하게 된다. 노화된 동물 모델과 인간에서 면역 세포의 수와 용해성 면역 인자의 양이 줄어 들었고, 면역체계의 기능이 감소하였고, 구조적인 변형과 퇴화가 나타났다. 또한, 세포 내 신호분자와 같은 내재적 변화도 발견되었다. 최근 노화와 관련된 연구는 급격히 증가하였고, 면역체계 영역을 포함하여 다양한 방향으로 노화현상을 분석하는 진보된 기술들이 개발되고 있다. 이 총설은 면역의 주요 구성 요소의 노화 관련 변화에 대한 광범위한 개요를 제공하고자 하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2016

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short amino acids that have been widely used to deliver macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, DNA, or RNA, to control cellular behavior for therapeutic purposes. CPPs have been used to treat immunological diseases through the delivery of immune modulatory molecules in vivo. Their intracellular delivery efficiency is highly synergistic with the cellular characteristics of the dendritic cells (DCs), which actively uptake foreign antigens. DC-based vaccines are primarily generated by pulsing DCs ex vivo with various immunomodulatory antigens. CPP conjugation to antigens would increase DC uptake as well as antigen processing and presentation on both MHC class II and MHC class I molecules, leading to antigen specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses. CPP-antigen based DC vaccination is considered a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy due to the enhanced CTL response. In this review, we discuss the various applications of CPPs in immune modulation and DC vaccination, and highlight the advantages and limitations of the current CPP-based DC vaccination.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-42
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• 1991

This study were done to know the effects of Dangkiyeumja on the in vivo and in vitro immune responses of mice. The recipes of Dangkiyeumja used in this study enhanced such, cellular functions of immunocytes as phagocytic capacity of macrophages, rossett-eforming abilities of splenocytes and metabolic activities of lymphocytes, However, the same recipes decreased the formation of such reactive oxygen intermediates(ROI) as superoxide and hydrogenperoxide from the macrophages. The effects of the same recipes on the in vim immune responses was suppressive on the cellular immune response(CIR)measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity against dinitrofluorobenzene and mildly enhancing for the humoral immune response measured by antibody production against sheep red blood cells. The results of this study could be summarized as follow: 1. Administration of Dangkiyeumja enhanced the phagocytic activity of the murine macrophage. 2. Administration of Dangkiyeumja decreased the formation of ROI in the murine macrophage 3. Administration of Dangkiyeumja increased the number of the splenic rotte forming cells in the mouse. 4. Administration of DangKiyeumja did not effect the antibody production against sheep red blood cells. 5. Administration of Dangkiyeumja depressed the delayed-type hypersenitivity against dinitrofluoro benzene in the mouse. The result of this study suggest that Dangkiyeumja could ameliorate the hypersensitivity reactions by reducing the formation of ROI and decreasing the CIR without affecting the other functions of immunocytes.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Bone marrow is a hematological and immunological organ that provides multiple immune cells, including B lymphocytes, and thus plays a critical role in the efficacy of vaccine. We previously demonstrated that Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica antigen has high immunogenicity in spleen cells, a peripheral immune organ. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of B. bronchiseptica antigen in bone marrow cells, a central immune organ. B. bronchiseptica antigen increased the cellular activity of bone marrow cells and significantly enhanced the production of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Bone marrow cells primed with B. bronchiseptica antigen in vivo were harvested and stimulated with the same antigen in vitro. The stimulation of B. bronchiseptica antigen significantly increased the cellular activity and proliferation rate of the primed cells. B. bronchiseptica antigen also greatly induced the production of antigen-specific antibody in the primed cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that B. bronchiseptica antigen can stimulate bone marrow cells, a central immune organ, and recall the immune response of the primed bone marrow cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2002

The present study was performed to evaluate how cellular and humoral immune responses were perturbed by immunization of mixed periodontal bacterial biofilms. Each group of mice was immunizared with 1) Poqhyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivaliis) grown as a planktonic culture, 2) Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), 3) P. gingivalis grown as a biofilm, or 4) mixed P. gingivalis plus F. nucleatum grown as a biofilm culture, respectively. Immune mouse sera were collected from each mouse. Spleens were harvested to isolate T cells and consequently stimulated with antigen presenting cells and P. gingivalis whole cell antigen to establish P. gingivalis-specific T cell lines. There were no significant differences in the mean anti- gingivalis IgG antibody titers among mouse groups. Immunization of mice with pure P. gingivalis biofilm or mixed P gingivalis plus F. nucleatum biofilm resulted in significant reduction o f antibody avidity and opsonophagocytois function. INF-$\gamma$production by P. gingivalis-specific T cell lines was also substantially recluced in mouse groups immunized with the biofilm. It was concluded that P. gingivalis biofilm perturbs the cellular and humoral immune responses in periodontal disease.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2010

The immunosuppressive activity of the Methanol extract of bark of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) consisting of a mixture of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenol and glycosides was studied on the immune responses in mice. Methanol extract of Madhuca longifolia (MLL) was administered orally at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day to healthy mice divided into four groups consisting of six animals each. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by testing the humoral (antibody titre) and cellular (foot pad swelling) immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep RBCs. Furthermore, the effect on hematological parameters as well as relative organ weight was determined. On oral administration MML showed a significant decrease delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response whereas the humoral response to sheep RBCs was unaffected. Thus MLL significantly suppressed the cellular immunity by decreasing the footpad thickness response to sheep RBCs in sensitized mice. With a dose of 100 and 150 mg/kg/day the DTH response was $7.66{\pm}2.75$ and $6.41{\pm}1.21$ respectively in comparison to corresponding value of $14.50{\pm}2.38$ for untreated control group. These differences in DTH response were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The study demonstrates that MLL shows preferential suppression of the components of cell-mediated immunity and shows no effect on the humoral immunity.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.383-394
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• 1992

비병원성 세균인 고acirlus subtilis(ATCC6633)를 등검은메뚜기(Euprepocnemis shr'rakii Bolivar)의 성충 복강에 주입한 후, 혈구의 반응양상을 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 세균에 대한 혈구의 면역반응은 plasmatocyte와 granulocyte에 의한 식 세포작용(phagocytosis)의 형태로 이루어졌으며, 결절형꽁(nodule formation)은 일어나지 않았다. 식 세포작용의 초기 반응은 혈구의 세포질 돌기가 돌출되 면서 이물질을 둘러싼 후, 원형질막과의 융합에 의해 식포가 형성되었고, 식포의 주변부에서는 일차 리소조옴의 집적이 관찰되었으며, 이런 과정은 세균 주입후, 10분 이내에 완료되었다. 일차 리소조옴은 세균 주입 후 1시간 이내에 식포의 한계막과 융합하여 이차 리소조옴을 형성하였으며, 소화된 이물질은 9시간 이내에 exocytosis에 의해 배출 되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2010

Vaccine is a protective clinical measure capable of persuading immune system against infectious agents. Vaccine can be categorized as live attenuated and inactivated. Live attenuated vaccines activate immunity similar to natural infection by replicating living organisms whereas inactivated vaccines are either whole cell vaccines, eliciting immune response by killed organisms,or subunit vaccines, stimulating immunity by non-replicating sub cellular parts. The components of vaccine play a critical role in deciding the immune response mediated by the vaccine. The innate immune responds against the antigen component. Adjuvants represent an importantcomponent of vaccine for enhancing the immunogenicity of the antigens. Subunit vaccines with isolated fractions of killed and recombinant antigens are mostly co-administered with adjuvants. The delivery system of the vaccine is another essential component to ensurethat vaccine is delivered to the right target with right dosage form. Furthermore, vaccine delivery system ensures that the desired immune response is achieved by manipulating the optimal interaction of vaccine and adjuvantwith the immune cell. The aforementioned components along with routes of administration of vaccine are the key elements of a successful vaccination procedure. Vaccines can be administered either orally or by parenteral routes. Many groups had made remarkable efforts for the development of new vaccine and delivery system. The emergence of new vaccine delivery system may lead to pursue the immunization goals with better clinical practices.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 1997

The effects of cylindan, a polysaccharide isolated from the basidiocarps of Agrocybe cylindracea, on murine sarcoma 180 tumor and murine immune cells were examined after intraperitoneal administration. Cylindan exhibited a marked life extension effect in mice against ascite forms of sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung carcinoma at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, although it did not show any direct cytotoxicity against sarcoma 180, X5563, and MM46 murine tumor cells. Cylindan increased numbers of bone marrow stem cells as well as peritoneal exudate cells in flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The tumor bearing mice group apparently showed the increase of macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mouse spleen cells during the early stage of tumor growth. But during the later stage, the control group decreased immune cells and cylindan restored the decreased immune cells in the tumor bearing mice to the normal level. In non-specific immune response, cylindan stimulated the bacterial phagocytosis and acid phosphatase production in macrophages. It also activated components of the alternative complement pathway and natural killer activity against YAC-1 lymphoma. In number of plasma cells as token of stimulation of the differentiation of B lymphocytes. In cellular immunity, cylindan restored the depressed response of delayed type hypersensitivity in the tumor bearing mice to 60% of the normal level and increased the interleukin-2 (IL-2) responsiveness in the IL-2 dependent CTLL-2 cells. These results suggest that cylindan did not show direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells but restored the decreased immune response of the tumor bearing mice.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2008

Essential aspects of the innate immune response to microbial infection appear to be conserved between insects and mammals. In order to identify new Drosophila melanogaster genes involved in the immune response, we performed gene expression profiling of Drosophila SL2 cells stimulated with bacterial (LPS/PGN) or fungal (curdlan) components using a cDNA microarray that contained 5,405 Drosophila cDNAs. We found that some genes were similarly regulated by LPS/PGN and curdlan. However, a large number, belonging to the functional classes of cell organization, development, signal transduction, morphogenesis, cell cycle, and DNA replication, displayed significant differences in their transcription profiles between the two treatments, demonstrating that bacterial and fungal components induce different immune response even in an in vitro cell system.