• 제목/요약/키워드: Cellular Network Design

검색결과 112건 처리시간 0.022초

MANET에서의 802.11을 적용한 위치기반서비스 프로토타입 디자인 (Design of 802.11 based LBS(Location Based Service) Prototype in MANET)

  • 정인수;최현준;정연권;마중수
    • 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1 (A)
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    • pp.550-552
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    • 2004
  • 현재 MANET에 관한 대부분의 연구는 라우팅문제에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 하지만 우리는 MANET에서 응용될 수 있는 시스템에 대하여 관심을 갖게 되었다. 특히 셀룰라망(Cellular network)의 단점, 즉 처리량(Throughput)이 낮고 독립적인 망 구축과 데이터 서버로의 접근이 용이하지 않다는 것을 보완하기 위한 802.11기반 위치기반서비스(LBS: Location Based Service)라는 응용 시스템을 제안하게 되었고 MANET에서의 동적 IP 주소 할당과 웹 기반 응용프로그램(Web based application)을 구현하였다. 본 논문에서는 이동적응 망에서의 802.11기반 위치기반서비스에서 필요한 서비스발견(Service discovery)과 등록(Service registration), 동적 IP 주소 할당, 라우팅(Routing)과 웹 기반 응용프로그램(Web based application)을 연동한 시스템 프로토타입을 제안하고 구현한다.

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Optimal Design of Mobile Controlled Location Update Subsystem

  • Kang, Hye-Won;Park, Cheon-Won
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.25-28
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    • 1999
  • Consider connection-oriented wireless cellular net-works. To establish a circuit or virtual circuit in such a network, a paging message is broadcast over a region at which the destined mobile station is presumed to reside, (identified as a paging area). For an effective paging mechanism, it is desirable to provide the location information of mobile stations to the network. In this paper, we consider a mobile controlled location update scheme under which each mobile station periodically reports its current location information to the network by using an inherent timer (without measuring the power of signals transmitted from base stations). Based on the latest information about a mobile station's location, a paging area is selected to page the mobile station. Note that under this scheme, a mobile station may not yet have reported its location change while sojourning out of the current paging area. In such situation, the mobile station can not receive a paging message destined to it. Frequent location updates can reduce the paging failure rate incurred by mobile stations'sojourning out of the paging area. However, larger bandwidth is needed for location update as the location update rate is increased. On the other hand, as the size of the paging area is increased, the paging failure rate is decreased, while larger bandwidth is required for paging. Thus, we first present a model for mobility, paging and location update processes, and secondly investigate the effect of network parameters on the paging failure rate and the amount of bandwidth used for paging and location update. Finally, we formulate problems to find proper values for the location update rate and paging area size under the constraints on the bandwidth usage levels for location update and paging.

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통합형 메디컬센서노드와 모바일 환자생체정보 관리 시스템 설계 (Design of Integrated medical sensor node and Mobile Vital Healthcare diagnosis System)

  • 이승철;권태하;정완영
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.302-305
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문에서는 환자나 만성질환자가 공간적으로 구속을 받지 않고 자유롭게 이동이 가능한 상태에서 건강상태 모니터링이 가능한 셀룰러폰(Cellular telephone)에 기반한 통합형 생체신호 계측 및 생체정보 관리가 가능한 생체 관리 시스템을 설계하고자 하였다. 메디컬센서 인터페이스를 센서노드에 부착할 경우 개별적인 센서노드가 필요하기 때문에 생체 디바이스의 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 통합형 메디컬 센서노드 어플리케이션을 설계하였다. 셀룰러폰으로 ECG(Electrocardiogram), 혈압(Blood pressure), 혈당(Blood sugar)과 같은 생체신호를 모니터링해서 비정상적인 생체신호를 판별하며, 당일 측정한 생체신호를 셀룰러폰에 저장해 과거에 측정한 메디컬 기록들과 함께 차트로 리뷰 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 실시간 생체 모니터링 비해, 개발된 셀룰러폰 기반의 헬스케어용 관리시스템은 고/저혈압, 당료를 갖고 있는 만성질환자가 상시적으로 질병을 관리할 수 있으며, 또한 CDMA의 특성상 넓은 환경에서도 전송이 가능하무로서 무선센서네트워크를 이용하기 위해 CDMA 방식과 통합하였다.

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Analytical Evaluation of FFR-aided Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Optimal Double Threshold

  • Abdullahi, Sani Umar;Liu, Jian;Mohadeskasaei, Seyed Alireza
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제11권7호
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    • pp.3370-3392
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    • 2017
  • Next Generation Beyond 4G/5G systems will rely on the deployment of small cells over conventional macrocells for achieving high spectral efficiency and improved coverage performance, especially for indoor and hotspot environments. In such heterogeneous networks, the expected performance gains can only be derived with the use of efficient interference coordination schemes, such as Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR), which is very attractive for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, femtocells are deployed according to a spatial Poisson Point Process (PPP) over hexagonally shaped, 6-sector macro base stations (MeNBs) in an uncoordinated manner, operating in hybrid mode. A newly introduced intermediary region prevents cross-tier, cross-boundary interference and improves user equipment (UE) performance at the boundary of cell center and cell edge. With tools of stochastic geometry, an analytical framework for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) distribution is developed to evaluate the performance of all UEs in different spatial locations, with consideration to both co-tier and cross-tier interference. Using the SINR distribution framework, average network throughput per tier is derived together with a newly proposed harmonic mean, which ensures fairness in resource allocation amongst all UEs. Finally, the FFR network parameters are optimized for maximizing average network throughput, and the harmonic mean using a fair resource assignment constraint. Numerical results verify the proposed analytical framework, and provide insights into design trade-offs between maximizing throughput and user fairness by appropriately adjusting the spatial partitioning thresholds, the spectrum allocation factor, and the femtocell density.

센서 네트워크를 이용한 유비쿼터스 주차관리 시스템의 설계 및 구현 (Design and Implementation of Ubiquitous Parking Management System using Sensor Network)

  • 변창희;이지혜;조현우;김형신
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.388-396
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 센서 네트워크를 이용하여 유비쿼터스 서비스를 제공해 주는 주차관리시스템을 구현하였다. 유비쿼터스 주차 관리 시스템은, 인터넷과 연결된 PDA나 휴대폰 상에서 현재 주차장의 정보를 한눈에 파악하여 빠르게 주차 공간을 확보할 수 있도록 해 준다. 유비쿼터스 주차관리시스템의 구현을 위해서 하드웨어 센서 노드, 센서 어플리케이션, 그리고 웹서버 응용 프로그램을 개발하였다. 제안하는 시스템은 일정주기로 주차공간의 상태를 업데이트 할 뿐만 아니라, 사용자가 원할 때 웹 상에서 버튼을 눌러 현재의 상황을 실시간으로 확인 할 수 있는 양방향 통신기능을 제공한다. 수집된 주차공간 정보는 일정기간 데이타베이스에 저장함으로써, 시간 혹은 공간별 주차 사용시간을 분석할 수 있도록 구현되었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 시스템은 10대 규모의 대학 내 주차장에 실제 설치하였으며, 인터넷 단말기를 통하여 서비스를 제공함으로써 실용성을 확인하였다.

Perceptional Change of a New Product, DMB Phone

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Ko, Deok-Im
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.59-88
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    • 2008
  • Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.

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CDMA 이동통신모듈을 이용한 원격자동검침 및 요금통보 시스템의 설계 및 구현 (Design and Implementation of An Automatic Telemetering/Rate Notification System Using CDMA Mobile Communication Modules)

  • 강창순;김수정;고은영
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제11권7호
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    • pp.977-985
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    • 2008
  • 개별 검침원이 수용가를 직접 방문하여 전기, 가스 및 수도 등의 사용량을 육안으로 확인하는 기존의 현장 검침방법은 사생활 침해나 범죄 발생 가능성과 같은 문제점이 있다. 또한 이러한 검침결과를 토대로 지로용지를 통한 사용요금통보 방식은 운용비 용 측면에서 대단히 비효율적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 개선하기 위하여, 유선 인터넷 설비 없이도 CDMA 이동통신모듈을 이용하여 수용가들의 계량기를 원격검침하고 이를 토대로 계산된 사용요금을 단문 메시지(SMS)로 수용가의 휴대전화에 통보하는 원격자동검침 및 요금통보 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 구현 시스템은 수용가별 사용량에 대한 원격자동검침 및 요금통보 뿐만 아니라 누전, 누수 및 누설에 대한 경고 메시지를 관리서버에 제공함으로서 효율적이면서 안전한 검침관리 기능을 제공할수 있다. 특히 개발 시스템은 원격검침 및 요금통보에 소요되는 운용비뿐만 아니라 수용가들의 안전성과 편리성도 함께 개선할수 있어 지능형 홈네트워크 시스템에 직접 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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Optimized QCA SRAM cell and array in nanoscale based on multiplexer with energy and cost analysis

  • Moein Kianpour;Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan;Majid Mohammadi;Behzad Ebrahimi
    • Advances in nano research
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.521-531
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    • 2023
  • Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has shown great potential in the nanoscale regime as a replacement for CMOS technology. This work presents a specific approach to static random-access memory (SRAM) cell based on 2:1 multiplexer, 4-bit SRAM array, and 32-bit SRAM array in QCA. By utilizing the proposed SRAM array, a single-layer 16×32-bit SRAM with the read/write capability is presented using an optimized signal distribution network (SDN) crossover technique. In the present study, an extremely-optimized 2:1 multiplexer is proposed, which is used to implement an extremely-optimized SRAM cell. The results of simulation show the superiority of the proposed 2:1 multiplexer and SRAM cell. This study also provides a more efficient and accurate method for calculating QCA costs. The proposed extremely-optimized SRAM cell and SRAM arrays are advantageous in terms of complexity, delay, area, and QCA cost parameters in comparison with previous designs in QCA, CMOS, and FinFET technologies. Moreover, compared to previous designs in QCA and FinFET technologies, the proposed structure saves total energy consisting of overall energy consumption, switching energy dissipation, and leakage energy dissipation. The energy and structural analyses of the proposed scheme are performed in QCAPro and QCADesigner 2.0.3 tools. According to the simulation results and comparison with previous high-quality studies based on QCA and FinFET design approaches, the proposed SRAM reduces the overall energy consumption by 25%, occupies 33% smaller area, and requires 15% fewer cells. Moreover, the QCA cost is reduced by 35% compared to outstanding designs in the literature.

RF 수신부를 내장한 GPS 안테나 시스템의 설계 및 제작 (Design and fabrication of the GPS antenna system including RF-stage)

  • 홍성일;이정호;변건식;정만영
    • 전자공학회논문지A
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    • 제33A권6호
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    • pp.99-107
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    • 1996
  • When GPS (global positioning system) is used as synchronous signal in CDMA digital cellular base station system and high speed digital synchronous communication network, antenna cable length is increased, comparing with other GPS application such as positioning or car navigation. In this paper, it is proposed that a type of new GPS antenna system including RF stage for reduction of cable loss in case of long cable.The antenna system with TMPA(truncated-corners microstrip patch antenna) is designed and fabricated because GPS signal has RHCP (right-hand circular polarization), consequently antenna size can be made small size. LNA (low noise amplifier) is designed by using HEMT(high electron mobility transistor)which has lower noise figurae and better AGC characteristics at low voltage than GaAs FET, and we equiped mixer, in GPS antenna unit, which converts from 1575.42MHz to 75.42MHz. As result of comparing between typical system and proposed system when cable length is 60m, 63dB, 55dB and 25dB gain are obtained for RG-316/U, RG-58C/U and RG-213/U, and better characteristics are achieved than typical system as far as cable length is longer.

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셀룰러 망에서 적응적 대역폭 예약 기법을 이용한 무선 트래픽 부하 균형 알고리즘 (A Wireless Traffic Load-Balancing Algorithm based on Adaptive Bandwidth Reservation Scheme in Mobile Cellular Networks)

  • 정영석;우매리;김종근
    • 융합신호처리학회 학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신호처리시스템학회 2001년도 하계 학술대회 논문집(KISPS SUMMER CONFERENCE 2001
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    • pp.21-24
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    • 2001
  • 무선 네트워크 환경에서 대규모 멀티미디어 트래픽을 성공적으로 지원하기 위해서는 핸드오프시 발생하는 연결 중단 확률을 최소화함으로써 이동 호스트(클라이언트)에게 QoS(Quality of Service)를 지속적으로 보장해야 한다. 그러나, 핸드오프를 필요로 하는 클라이언트의 이동성으로 인해 이동 호스트와 네트워크 간에 협상된 QoS가 보장되지 못할 수도 있다. 이는 각 셀에서 발생하는 트래픽에 할당되는 가용 채널의 제약에 기인한다. 본 논문에서는, 가용채널의 확보를 위해 대역폭 예약 기법을 기반으로 한 부하 균형 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 MPT(mobility profile table)을 사용해서 각 클라이언트의 이동성을 예측한 다음 해당 셀의 가용 채널의 일부분을 핸드오프 서비스를 위한 채널로 예약을 한다. 핸드오프 채널로 예약된 대역폭은 우선적으로 핸드오프를 위해서 사용이 되어지며, 목적지 셀의 가용 채널이 주어진 임계치 이하일 경우, 해당 셀의 가용 채널을 확보하기 위해서 적응적 대역폭 예약을 이용한 부하균형 알고리즘을 설계함으로써 채널의 이용 효율을 최대화하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해, 신규 호 탈락률, 핸드오프 호의 강제종료율을 측정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 본 논문의 성능이 기존의 기법보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

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