• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1463-1466
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• 1987

The problem of generating minimal area CMOS functional cell layout can be converted to that of decomposing the transistor connection graph into a minimum number of subgraphs, each having a pair of Euler paths with the same sequence of input labels on the N-graph and P-graph, which are portions of the graph corresponding to NMOS and PMOS parts respectively. This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm which yields a nearly minimal number of Euler paths from the path representation formula which represents the give a logic function. Subpath merging is done through a list processing scheme where the pair of paths which results in the lowest cost is successively merged from all candidate merge pairs until no further path merging and further reduction of number of subgraphs are possible. Two examples were shown where we were able to further reduce the number of interlaces, i.e., the number of non-butting diffusion islands, from 3 to 2, and from 2 to 1, compared to the earlier work [1].

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an efficient interference management technique which controls the number of resource blocks (or subcarriers) shared with other cells based on statistical interference levels among cells. The proposed technique tries to maximize average throughput of a femto cell user under a constraint on non-real time control of a femto cell network while guaranteeing a target throughput value of a macro cell user. In our proposed scheme, femto cells opportunistically use resource blocks allocated to other cells if the required average user throughput is not attained with the primarily allocated resource blocks. The proposed method is similar to the underlay approach in cognitive radio systems, but resource block sharing among cells is statistically controlled. For the statistical control, a femto cell sever constructs a table storing average mutual interference among cells and periodically updates the table. This statistical approach fully satisfies the constraint of non-real time control for femto cell networks. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher average femto user throughput than conventional frequency reuse schemes for time varying number of users.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

The influence of triploidization on cell and nucleus size characteristics of the same tissues of erythrocyte, retina, kidney, hepatocyte and midgut epithelium in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena has been determined histologically. Induced triploid fish are produced by cold shock treatments. Likewise, the size of horizontal cell nucleus in inner nuclear layer of retina, ganglion cell nucleus in ganglion cell layer of retina, proximal tubule cell of kidney, hepatocytes and nuclear height of midgut epithelium all appear to be significantly larger than diploid (P<0.05). On the other hand, retina thickness is larger in diploid than induced triploid (P<0.05). Induced triploid shows low density of cell number. Results of this study suggest that same characteristics in the induced triploid exhibiting larger cells and nucleus sizes with fewer number of cells than the diploid can be useful criteria for the distinction between diploid and induced triploid, and also the ploidy level in marine medaka.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2014

This study reports significant improvement of atopic dermatitis condition as a result of experiment using Xanthium strumarium L. extract (XS-E) at the dorsal skin of induced atopic dermatitis Nc/Nga mice. Skin clinical score has decreased ($2.75{\pm}0.85$, *p<0.05), showing visible change of skin condition. IgE (***p<0.001) and IgG1 ($2522.00{\pm}32.80$, ***p<0.001) in plasma also decreased significantly. mRNA (gene expression) level increased ($RQ=2.75{\pm}0.10$, ***p<0.001) within skin tissue of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell that's activated by XS-E dosage, thereby discovering that there is an effect of suppressing proliferation and viability of Th2 cell, eosinophils, mast cell and inflammatory cell. Upon examining cells permeated with H&E and toluidine blue staining technique, thickness of epidermis and mast cell's permeation decreased, and the result of examining the distribution of CCR 3+ eosinophils within ALN showed that it's level fell down to that of wild type (normal group, NC/Nga-WT). By such results, it is suggested that XS-E is highly effective on atopic dermatitis, and it is considered that continued quantitative research and case study of clinical research such as effect of cell number in individual tissues or change of total cell number are necessary.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2009

Deformation behavior of pure aluminum during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was simulated using a three-dimensional version of the finite element method in conjunction with a constitutive model based on the dislocation density and cell evolution. The three-dimensional finite element analyses for the prediction of microstructural features, such as the variation of the dislocation density and the cell size with the number of ECAP, are reported. The calculated stress and strain and their distributions are also investigated for the route Bc ECAP processed pure aluminum. The results of finite element analyses are found to be in good agreement with experimental results for the dislocation cell size. Due to the accumulation of strain throughout the workpiece and an overall trend to saturation in cell size, a decrease of the difference in cell size with the number of passes (1~4) was predicted.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.604-612
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• 2017

In this study, the effects of planting density on the growth of chrysanthemum in a greenhouse were evaluated on two popular varieties (i.e., Sinma and Moonlight). Planting density treatments were as follows: 1) $12cm{\times}12cm$, 2) $6cm{\times}12cm$, 3) $6cm{\times}12cm$ with one-cell vacant, and 4) $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant. Size of each treatments indicate one chrysanthemum was planted in that sized cell that was rectangular shaped field and these treatments were located in a line. Moreover, "one and two-cell vacant" means that it makes middle point of the field empty, offers beside chrysanthemum larger spaces to grow. For the Sinma variety, the results of growth and flowering characteristics at the harvesting stage showed that leaf number, leaf length, flower length, and leaf area were highest when the crop was planted at the $12cm{\times}12cm$ density, and the next preferable density was $6cm{\times}12cm$ with one-cell vacant. For the Moonlight variety, the results showed that stalk height and diameter, leaf number and length, flower length, leaf area, and flower number were highest at the $12cm{\times}12cm$ planting density. For Sinma, ratios of marketable production were 87.5% and 83.3% for the $12cm{\times}12cm$ and $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant, respectively. For Moonlight, ratios were 88.0% and 84.3% for the $12cm{\times}12cm$ and $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.141-156
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• 1998

This histological study was performed to investigate the effects of .Paljeungsan-gagambang on the epididymal fat cell size, number and the fat drop area of hepatic lobule of rats fed High Fat Diet. Paljeungsan-gagambang was orally administered to the rats of sample group 26mg per 200g of rat's weight everyday for 4 weeks, and the control group were just fed with equal amount of saline solution. Then they are the epididymal fat cell size, epididymal fat cell numberand fat drop area of hepatic lobule that were measured. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The size of the epididymal fat cell was decreased significantly as compared with the control group. 2. The number of the epididymal fat cells was decreased significantly as compared with the control group in distribution chart classified by cell size 3. The Area(%) of the Fat drops in the hepatic lobule was decreased significantly as compared with the control group. According to the above results, it is considered that Paljeungsan-gagambang have effects on the decrease of the epididymal fat cell size, number and fat drop area of hepatic lobule of rats fed high fat diet; Thus, the adminisrtation of Paljeungsan-gagambang is considered to have an improving effect on obesities and liver diseases caused by high fat diet.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

Objective: In search of an ideal method of assisted hatching (AH), we compared the effects of conventional micropipette-AH and laser-AH on the blastocyst formation rate (BFR) and blastocyst cell numbers. Methods: Four-to five-week-old ICR female mice were paired with male mice after superovulation using Pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and hCG. The two-cell embryos were flushed from the oviducts of female mice. The retrieved two-cell embryos underwent one of five AH procedures: single mechanical assisted hatching (sMAH); cross mechanical assisted hatching (cMAH); single laser assisted hatching (sLAH); quarter laser assisted hatching (qLAH); and quarter laser zona thinning assisted hatching (qLZT-AH). After 72 hours incubation, double immunofluorescence staining was performed. Results: Following a 72 hours incubation, a higher hatching BFR was observed in the control, sMAH, cMAH, and sLAH groups, compared to those in the qLAH and qLZT-AH groups (p<0.05). The hatched BFR was significantly higher in the qLAH and qLZT-AH groups than in the others (p<0.05 for each group). The inner cell mass (ICM) was higher in the control and sMAH group (p<0.05). The trophectoderm cell number was higher in the cMAH and qLAH groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that the hatched BFR was higher in groups exposed the the qLAH and qLZT-AH methods compared to groups exposed to other AH methods. In the qLAH group, although the total cell number was significantly higher than in controls, the ICM ratio was significantly lower in than controls.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1988

The authors observed histochemical and ultrastructural characters on the osphradium of Rapana venosa Valenciennes using light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscpes. The results were as follows:1)The basic structure of osphradium was bipectinated shape, which consisted of a septum situating in the center of osphradium and numerous osphradial leaflets. On the other hand, Epidermis of ospradial leaflets formed the structure of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which was composed of an epithelial cell layer, a basal cel layer and a neuropile. 2) Ciliated dpithelial cells:A large number of these cells were observed on the lateral and ventral regions but a small number of them were observed on the dorsal region. These cells had cylindrical microvilli, slender mitochondria and serve fibers.3) Supporting cells: These cells had cylindrical microvilli, spongy layer, electron dense granules, mitochondria and nerve fibers4) Four types secretory epothelial cells: Four distinct types of secretory epithelial cells were recognized and were arbitrily designated as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV.cell type I: These cells contained electron denwe granules(diameter, 0.94-1.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), well developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticula, cell type II: These cills contained two types of granules of the different electron density. One was high electron density granules which were 0.4-1.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter, The other was low electron density granules which were 0.75-1.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter.cell type III:These cells had fibrous secretory materials and exhibited strongly positive reaction with Toluidine blue.cell type IV:A large number of this type of cells were observed on the ventral region of ospgradial leaflets and positively reacted with periodic acid Schiff reagent. 5)Dark cells contained several electron dense cillaty rootlets and unmerous granules but cellular organelles were not observed.6) Four types basal cells: Four distinci types of basal cells were recognized and arbitrarily designated as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV.Cell type I(light cell): These cells exhibited low electuon density and contained short smooth endoplasmic reticula, several vacuoles and granules.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2020

Untargeted metabolomics is a useful tool for drug development focusing on novel chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer cells. In recent years, quadrupole time of flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC/MS)-based untargeted metabolomic approaches have gained importance to evaluate the effect of these agents at the molecular level. The researchers working on cell culture studies still do not apply standardized methodologies on sample preparation for untargeted metabolomics approaches. In this study, the rough and wet lysis techniques performed on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were compared with each other via the Q-TOF LC/MS-based metabolomic approach. The C18 and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns were used for the separation of the metabolites in MCF-7 cell lysates. 505 peaks were detected through the HILIC column and 551 peaks were found through the C18 column for the wet lysis technique. This situation supported by the base peak chromatograms showed that the wet lysis technique allowed us to extract higher number of non-polar metabolites. Almost equal number of metabolites was found for the C18 and HILIC columns (697 peaks for the HILIC column and 695 peaks for the C18 column) when the rough lysis technique was used. However, the intensities of polar metabolites were higher for the rough lysis technique on base peak chromatograms for both the HILIC and C18 columns. Although cell lysis technique, which is the first step in the sample preparation for cell culture studies, does not cause dramatic differences in the number of the detected metabolite peaks, it affects the polar and non-polar metabolite ratio significantly. Therefore, it must be considered carefully especially for in vitro drug development studies.