• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.275-293
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• 2005

When a thin-walled multicell box girder is subjected to an eccentric load, the distortion becomes an important global response in addition to flexure and torsion. The three global responses appear in a combined form when a conventional shell element is used thus it is not an easy task to examine the three global responses separately. This study is to propose an analysis method using conventional shell element in which the three global responses can be separately decomposed. The force decomposition method which was designed for a single-cell box girder by Nakai and Yoo is expanded herein to multicell box girders. The eccentric load is decomposed in the expanded method into flexural, torsional, and multimode distortional forces by using the force equilibrium. From the force decomposition, the combined global responses of multicell box girders can be resolved into separate responses and the distortional response which is of primary concern herein can be obtained separately. It is shown from a series of extensive comparative studies using three box girder bridge models that the expanded method produces accurate decomposed results. Noting that the separate consideration of individual global response is of paramount importance for optimized multicell box girder design, it can be said that the proposed expanded method is extremely useful for practicing engineers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2017

The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) for torsional strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) single cell box beams has been analyzed considerably by researchers worldwide. However, little attention has been paid to torsional strengthening of multicell box girders in terms of both experimental and numerical research. This paper reports the experimental work in an overall investigation for torsional strengthening of multicell box section RC girders with externally-bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer CFRP strips. Numerical work was carried out using non-linear finite element modeling (FEM). Good agreement in terms of torque-twist behavior, steel and CFRP reinforcement responses, and crack patterns was achieved. The unique failure modes of all the specimens were modeled correctly as well.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.988-993
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• 2004

This paper considers corrosion problems in the bolt connection of weathering steel box girder bridge using the external electric type corrosion resistance method which resisted to local corrosion in coated steel surface with contacted air. The weathering steel was created a rust itself in the passive state. but a coated box girder type was easily dew form could be made galvanic cell that accelerated corrosion. so that it was ruled by protection coat with some paint. Therefore, it needed that can be applied the external electric type corrosion resistance method in coated surface. As a result of the test of polarization amount had measured that the weathering steel was higher currents than the general steel by about $5\~10\%$. Therefore. an external electric type corrosion resistance method can be used to protect local corrosion in the coated bolt connection of weathering steel box girders effectively.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2004

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is stabilized by the herpes-virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP), a deubiquitinating enzyme. We previously isolated and characterized a mouse orthologue of HAUSP, mHAUSP. mHAUSP cDNA consisted of 3,312 bp encodes 1,103 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 135 kDa containing highly conserved Cys, Asp (I), His, and Asn/Asp (II) domains. In this study, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis of 6 conserved amino acids (Cys224, Gln231, Asp296, His457, His465, and Asp482) in Cys box, QQD box, and His box. Interestingly, the conserved Gln 231 was not essential for the catalytic activity of mHAUSP. However, the other conserved amino acids were required for deubiquitinating activity of mHAUSP. We performed isopeptidase assay and confirmed that mHAUSP is able to remove ubiquitin from ubiquitinated substrates. In addition, we observed that mHAUSP induces apoptosis in HeLa cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.705-710
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• 2009

Sodium butyrate (NaBt), a naturally occurring short chain fatty acid derived from carbohydrate metabolism in the gut, is known to exhibit strong anti-cancer potentials in various human cancer cells; however, its action mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that NaBt up-regulates levels of E-cadherin, a key cell adhesion molecule implicated as a tumor suppressor, in a cell type-specific manner. Although levels of p21, a potential activator for E-cadherin expression, were also up-regulated by treatment with NaBt in several types of cells, it does not seem to be associated with the activation of E-cadherin in the NaBt-treated cells. Instead, the data from promoter analysis suggest that NaBt up-regulates expression of E-cadherin at the transcription level by enhancing its promoter strength via a CCAAT-box. The elevated E-cadherin in the presence of NaBt was primarily localized at the cell-cell contacts, converting Hep3B cells into a more differentiated form.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.440-445
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• 1999

In order to investigate structure-antibiotic activity relationships of brevinin-1 and thanatin containing Rana box composed of basic loop formed by disulfide bridge in their arboxy terminus, thanatin, brevinin 1 and their analogues (T-B1, T-B2 and B-T) in which their Rana box sequence exchanged was designed and synthesized by the solid phase method using Fmoc-chemistry. The basic sequence of Rana box of thanatin had more significant effect on both antibacterial and antifungal activity than that of brevinin 1. The tail sequence (QRM) of thanatin was found to be important in its antibacterial and antifungal activity. Rana box sequence of brevinin-1 did not have a significant effect on its antitumor and phospholipid vesicle-aggregating activities. Brevinin-1 showed stronger $\alpha$-helical structure in the membrane-mimicking environment such as SDS micelle than thanatin. A remarkable increase in a-helicity of bervinin-1 plays more important role in antibiotic activity than that of thanatin. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of thanatin against E. coli resulted from the disruptive effect against the outer cell membrane of E. coli.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 2015

Helicases are known to be a proteins that use the chemical energy of NTP binding and hydrolyze to separate the complementary strands of double-stranded nucleic acids to single-stranded nucleic acids. They participate in various cellular metabolism in many organisms. DEAD-box proteins are ATP-dependent RNA helicase that participate in all biochemical steps involving RNA. DEAD-box3 (DDX3) gene is belonging to the DEAD-box family and plays an important role in germ cell development in many organisms including not only vertebrate, but also invertebrate during asexual and sexual reproduction and participates in stem cell differentiation during regeneration. In this study, in order to identify and characterize DDX3 gene in the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus having a powerful regeneration capacity, total RNA was isolated from adult head containing clitellum. Full length of DDX3 gene from P. excavatus, Pe-DDX3, was identified by RT-PCR using the total RNA from head as a template. Pe-DDX3 encoded a putative protein of 607 amino acids and it also has the nine conserved motifs of DEAD-box family, which is characteristic of DEAD-box protein family. It was confirmed that Pe-DDX3 has the nine conserved motifs by the comparison of entire amino acids sequence of Pe-DDX3 with other species of different taxa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pe-DDX3 belongs to a DDX3 (PL10) subgroup of DEAD-box protein family. And it displayed a high homology with PL10a, b from P. dumerilii.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.317-321
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• 2008

Members of the large family of Asb proteins are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues; however, the roles of individual Asb and their function in the developmental testes have not been reported. In this report, we isolated a murine Asb4 from mouse testis. Northern blot analysis revealed that mAsb-4 was expressed only in testes and produced in a stage-specific manner during spermatogenesis. It was expressed in murine testes beginning in the fourth week after birth and extending into adulthood. Pachytene spermatocytes had the highest level of expression. Interestingly, the human homologue of mAsb-4, ASB-4 (hASB-4) was also expressed in human testis. These results suggest that ASB-4 plays pivotal roles in mammalian testis development and spermatogenesis.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2024

Objective: R-loops are DNA:RNA triplex hybrids, and their metabolism is tightly regulated by transcriptional regulation, DNA damage response, and chromatin structure dynamics. R-loop homeostasis is dynamically regulated and closely associated with gene transcription in mouse zygotes. However, the factors responsible for regulating these dynamic changes in the R-loops of fertilized mouse eggs have not yet been investigated. This study examined the functions of candidate factors that interact with R-loops during zygotic gene activation. Methods: In this study, we used publicly available next-generation sequencing datasets, including low-input ribosome profiling analysis and polymerase II chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), to identify potential regulators of R-loop dynamics in zygotes. These datasets were downloaded, reanalyzed, and compared with mass spectrometry data to identify candidate factors involved in regulating R-loop dynamics. To validate the functions of these candidate factors, we treated mouse zygotes with chemical inhibitors using in vitro fertilization. Immunofluorescence with an anti-R-loop antibody was then performed to quantify changes in R-loop metabolism. Results: We identified DEAD-box-5 (DDX5) and histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) as candidates that potentially regulate R-loop metabolism in oocytes, zygotes and two-cell embryos based on change of their gene translation. Our analysis revealed that the DDX5 inhibition of activity led to decreased R-loop accumulation in pronuclei, indicating its involvement in regulating R-loop dynamics. However, the inhibition of histone deacetylase-2 activity did not significantly affect R-loop levels in pronuclei. Conclusion: These findings suggest that dynamic changes in R-loops during mouse zygote development are likely regulated by RNA helicases, particularly DDX5, in conjunction with transcriptional processes. Our study provides compelling evidence for the involvement of these factors in regulating R-loop dynamics during early embryonic development.