• 우주기술과 응용
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 관성측정장치와 천측 항법을 활용한 수평 위치 추정을 위한 항법 시스템 설계에 대해 기술하였다. 우주 상에서 별은 천구 상에 널리 퍼져 있는 천체로서 별의 관측을 통해 자세 정보를 획득하는데 주로 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 별의 고도 정보를 통해 수평 위치에 대한 정보 또한 획득이 가능한데, 이는 천측 항법이라고 불리며 예전 항해사들이 바다 위 항해 중에 자기의 위치를 알아내던 원리와 동일하다. 특히 GPS 등의 사용이 불가능한 심우주에서는 비교적 관측이 쉬운 별을 통해 위치에 대한 정보를 획득하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수평 위치정보를 추정할 수 있는 항법 시스템을 소개하며 측정값을 활용하는 방식에 따라 약결합과 강결합의 두 가지 방식의 시스템을 설계하고자 한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 설계된 시스템이 올바르게 수평 위치정보를 추정하는지 여부와 함께 약결합과 강결합 방식의 성능을 비교하여 추후 천측 항법을 활용한 항법 시스템 설계에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.1243-1251
• /
• 2017

선박이 대양 항해 시 선박의 위치를 구하는 것은 안전 항해를 위해 매우 중요하다. 1990년대 이후 GPS(Global Positioning System) 항법의 발전으로 대부분의 선박들이 GPS를 이용하고 있다. 천문 항법은 대양항해 시 항법 수단으로 활용되었으나 계산과정이 복잡하고 시간이 많이 걸리며 해도에 작도를 해야 하는 어려움이 있었다. 그 결과, 활용성이 급격히 저하되었다. 본 논문에서는 기존 천문항법의 문제점을 개선하여 편리성과 활용성을 도모한 개선된 선박 측위 알고리즘을 제시하고 천문항법의 계산과정을 수식으로 정리하여 알고리즘을 소프트웨어로 구현하였다. 선박이 항해 시 태양의 고도, GHA, dec를 컴퓨터에 입력하면 선위가 경 위도 좌표로 화면에 전시된다. 본 논문의 결과, 개선된 방법으로 천문항법의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었으며 조난 시 훌륭한 항법 수단이 될 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2007

Determination of the local vertical is not trivial for a moving vehicle and in general will require corrections for the Earth geophysical deflection. The vehicle's local vertical can be estimated by INS integration with initial alignment in SDINS(Strap Down INS) system. In general, the INS has drift error and it cause the performance degradation. In order to compensate the drift error, GPS/INS augmented system is widely used. And in the event that GPS is denied or unavailable, celestial navigation using star tracker can be a backup navigation system especially for the military purpose. In this celestial navigation system, the vehicle's position determination can be achieved using more than two star trackers, and the accuracy of position highly depends on accuracy of local vertical direction. Modern tilt sensors or accelerometers are sensitive to the direction of gravity to arc second(or better) precision. The local gravity provides the direction orthogonal to the geoid and, appropriately corrected, toward the center of the Earth. In this paper the relationship between direction of center of the Earth and actual gravity direction caused by geophysical deflection was analyzed by using precision orbit simulation program embedded the JGM-3 geoid model. And the result was verified and evaluated with mathematical gravity vector model derived from gravitational potential of the Earth. And also for application purpose, the performance variation of pure INS navigation system was analyzed by applying precise gravity model.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1989

The computer can be used to display a continuously updated list or plot of vessel position. The computer that accept input data from a number of different navigation systems, e.g., Loran , Satnav, Radar, Decca, Compass, Sextant with electrical output etc., can compute the position of a vessel relative to prerecorded objects. The celestial navigation system requires the computer to do not much calculation. Calculation are for trigonometeric, linear systems, finding roots of nonlinear equation and least square estimation etc, . In order to computerize the celestrial navigation system, these calculations must be programmed. The purpose of this thesis is to study the formulation, the design and the test of calculations of the coordinates of celestial bodies, the altitude correction and the solution of the navigational triangle processes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.1867-1870
• /
• 2005

The celestial navigation is one of alternatives to GPS system and can be used as a backup of GPS. In the celestial navigation system using more than two star trackers, the vehicle's ground position can be solved based on the star trackers' attitude information if the vehicle's local vertical or horizontal angle is given. In order to determine accurate ground position of flight vehicle, the high accurate local vertical angle measurement is one of the most important factors for navigation performance. In this paper, the Earth geophysical deflection was analyzed in the assumption of using the modern electrolyte tilt sensor as a local vertical sensor for celestial navigation system. According to the tilt sensor principle, the sensor measures the tilt angle from gravity direction which depends on the Earth geoid surface at a given position. In order to determine the local vertical angle from tilt sensor measurement, the relationship between the direction of gravity and the direction of the Earth center should be analyzed. Using a precision orbit determination software which includes the JGM-3 Earth geoid model, the direction of the Earth center and the direction of gravity are extracted and analyzed. Appling vector inner product and cross product to the both extracted vectors, the magnitude and phase of deflection angle between the direction of gravity and the direction of the Earth center are achieved successfully. And the result shows that the angle differences vary as a function of latitude and altitude. The maximum 0.094$^{circ}$angle difference occurs at 45$^{circ}$latitude in case of 1000 Km altitude condition.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제7권7호
• /
• pp.1449-1455
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 가상현실기술을 이용한 효과적인 천체학습시스템의 개발에 대하여 기술한다. 본 시스템은 HMD를 사용하여 학습자에게 깊은 몰입감을 제공하고 3차원 마우스를 사용하여 편안한 항해를 제공한다. 본 시스템에서는 Visual C++과 OpenGL을 사용하여 천체의 3 차원 이미지를 생성하고 이를 HMD에 디스플레이한다. 그러면 학습자들은 마치 우주선에 탑승해서 천체를 항해하는 느낌을 받으면서 학습하게 된다. 항해하는 도중에는 행성자료를 살펴볼 수 있고 문제도 굴어 볼 수 있게 함으로써 다양한 상호작용에 의해 교육적 효과를 높일 수 있도록 하였다. 이와 같이 본 논문에서는 가상현실기술이 몰입과 상호 작용을 통하여 학생들의 흥미를 증가시킴으로써 교육 효과를 향상시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1985

In order to computerize the sight reduction process completely, the coordinates of celestial bodies have to be calculated. The author calculates the equtorial coordinates of the sun and stars using formulae by computer programming. And they are compared with data from an nautical almanac. Generally, data based on formulae is slightly less accurate than those derived from an nautical almanac. In the case of calculating coordinates of the sun, maximum error of GHA is $0{'\\.}2$, and that of declination is $0{'\\.}1$.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 1988

The tedious work, connected to the altitude correction, the computation of altitudes and aximuths and the plotting of the position lines, has been a objection to celestial position fixing method. But using a computer , the severe objection will be practically overruled. The author had already studied on computerization of the sight reduction partially. This paper is to confirm reliability of coordinate of the moon and the navigational planet calculated by computer programming and to suggest a method of calculating ship's position fixed by two position lines.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.1-45
• /
• 1983

This paper concerns the applications of the Kalman filter to navigation and the develment of computer programs of the navigational calculations. Methods to apply the Kalman filter to celestial fix, fix by cross bearing and cocked hat are proposed, and numerical simulations under various noise conditiions are conducted. The accuracy of the optimal positions obtained by the Kalman filter is compared with that of the fixed positiions by radial error method. In the case of celestial fix, an algorithm to estimate the optimal positions by using the linear Kalman filter is presented. The optimal positions by the Kalman filter are compared with the running fixes and with the most probable positions obtained from a single line of position. It is confirmed that the resutls of the proposed method are more accurate than the others. In practical piloting, bearings are generally measured intermittently and the measurement process is nonlinear. It is, therefore, difficult for us to apply the Kalman filter to fix by cross bearing. In order to be used in such an unfavorable case, the extended Kalman filter is revised and the aplicability of the revised extended Kalman filter is checked by numerical simulation under various noise conditions. In a cocked hat, an inside or outside fix is dependent only upon azimuth spread, if the error of each line of position is assumed to be equal both in magnitude and sign. A new technique of selecting a ship's position between an inside fix and an outside fix in a cocked hat by using fix determinant derived from the equation of three lines of position is also presented. The relations among the optimal position by Kalman filter, incentre (or excentre) and random error centtre of the cocked hat are discussed theoretically and the accuracy of the optimal position is compared with that of the others by numerical simulation.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.130-132
• /
• 2013

This paper presents an improvement for calculating method of astronomical vessel position with circle of equal altitude equation based on using a virtual object in sun and two stars observation. In addition, to enhance the accuracy of ship position achieved from solving linear matrix system, and surmount the disadvantages on rank deficient matrices situation, the authors used singular value decomposition (SVD) in least square method instead of normal equation and QR decomposition, so, the solution of matrix system will be available in all situation. As proposal algorithm, astronomical ship position will give more accuracy than previous methods.