• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2004

Causative agents of mastitis were isolated from glandular tissues of 101 culled Holstein cow udders and tested with antimicrobials by standardized disc diffusion method. Pathogens most commonly isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (43.9%) and streptococci (21.4%). Most of the udders (88.5%) showed mixed infections with more than two species of bacteria. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that 90.0% and 84.5% of the isolated organisms were susceptible to amoxicillin and gentamicin, while most organisms were resistant to erythromycin. Coliforms were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin and tetracycline and streptococci to erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.171-171
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• 1994

Cephem ring의 C-7위치에 aminothiazoly lmethoxyimino기를 가진 화합물들이 항균활성을 증가시키고, G(-)균의 외막투과성을 촉진시킬뿐 아니라 광범위항균 spectrum을 갖게 하고 $\beta$-lactamase에 안정하며 PBP(penicillin binding protein)에 대한 결합친화성을 증가시킨다는 보고에 따라 본 저자는 C-7위치에 cefotaxime구조와 같이 aminothiazolylmethoxyimino acetamido moiety를 고정시키고 항균활성을 증가시키기 위하여 약리활성이 기대되는 5-(substituted)-2H-tetrazole유도체들을 합성하여 C-3 위치에 도입시킨 새로운 화합물 7$\beta$-〔(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2_(methoxyimino)acetamido〕-3-〔5-(substituted)tetrazol-2-yl〕 methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 유도체를 합성하여 B. subtilis ATCC 6633, M. luteus ATCC 1004, E. coli KCTC 1039, E. coli ESS, K. pncumonia KCTC 1560, P. aeruginosa IF0 13130, S. typhimurium KCTC 1925, S. typhimurium SL 1102, 및 C. albicans ATCC 10231 등의 균과 fungus에 대하여 기존의 cefotaxime과 cefazoline을 대조물질로 사용하여 항균력을 비교하였다. 이들 화합물들은 대체적으로 M. luteus ATCC 6633, E. coli ESS, S. typhimurium SL 1102 균에 대해서는 cefotaxime보다 항균력이 우수하였으나 P. aeruginosa IF0 13130에 대해서는 항균력이 저하되었고 cefazolin보다는 대체적으로 항균력이 우수하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.289-293
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• 1996

A cadimium-resistant strain isolated from Anyang stream, Azomonas agilis PY101 exhibited strong resistance to 1000 ppm of cadmium ion $(Cd^{2+})$. A agilis PY101 also exhibited resistance to various antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, amplicillin, bacitracin, cefazolin, erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. In the presence of $Cd^{2+}$, the growth of A. agilis PY101 started after an extended lag phase and produced a green-fluorescent pigment induced by cadmium. The dramatic decrease (approximately 400ppm) of concentration of $cd^{2+}$ in the culture medium during the growth phase of A. agilis PY101 was confirmed by the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that A. agilis PY 101 actively accumulated $Cd^{2+}$ in the cytoplasm.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.378-385
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• 1998

Chloramphenicol주사에 의한 좌골신경손상을 유발한 후 Prednisolone을 이용한 약물처치군, 전침군 및 전침과 약물을 병용한 군에서 각각 회복속도를 비교하였다. 정상보행 횟수, pinching을 통한 감각신경의 통감반응,그리고 병리조직소견 등을 죠사한 결과를 요약 하면 다음과 같다. Enrofloxacin, cefazolin, cephalexin, penicillin 등의 좌골신경주위 주사게 서는 신경마비가 관찰되지 않았으나 chloramphenicol을 주사할 경우에는 좌골신경손상으로 인한 편측성 후지마비가 유발되어 knuckling 반응을 보였다. Chloramphenicol을 투여한후 좌골신경손상에 대한 각 처치에서 정상보행 횟수는 8-12주까지는 침술처치군이 약간 중가하 였으나, 처리군간 유의성은 관찰되지 않았다. 실험기간동안 chloramphenicol 에 의한 신경손 상에 대한 각 처치군별 병리조직 소견은 호전양상이 관찰되지 아니하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1985

One hundred and twenty seven strains of Gram-negative rods (72 E. coli, 45 Klebsieila pneumoniae, 8 Enterobacter spp. and 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from bovine mastitis were examined for resistance to ampicilin, carbenicillin and cefazolin, ${\beta}$-lactamase activity and transferable ${\beta}$-lactamase plasmids. Stains resistant to ampicillin were 13.9% in E. coli, 93.3% in Klebsiella pneumoniae, 87.5% in Enterobacter. spp. and all in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Resistance of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. to ampicillin was due to the ${\beta}$-lactamases, but all Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a high level of the non-enzymic resistance. Transferable plasmid-mediated ${\beta}$-lactamase synthesis was demonstrated in 61.9% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 50% of E. coli and 42.9% of Enterobacter spp. The same ${\beta}$-lactamase plasmids specified different resistance levels to various ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics in different recipients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 1999

A new antibiotic bead, CJ-40003 is a combination of three antibiotics, tobramycin, vancomycin and cefazolin embedded in bone cement, for the treatment of osteomyelitis. To evaluate the general pharmacological properties of CJ-40003, the effects of its active ingredients were investigated in mice, rats, dogs and isolated guinea pig ileum. The combination of three antibiotics (CA) did not affect general behavior, central nervous system, smooth muscles, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and respiratory system and water and electrolytes excretion when administered intravenously at the doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, into experimental animals. The CA had no effect on the contractile response of the isolated guinea pig ileum to various spasmogen at concentrations of 1, 3 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the active ingredients of CJ-40003 showed no pharmacological effect in these studies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2011

Two-hundred Bacillus cereus isolated from perilla leaf cultivation areas in Miryang, Korea were investigated for toxin genes and antibiotic susceptibility. Toxigenic patterns of isolates were identified to be 11 groups through toxin gene profiles. 21% of strains isolated from the perilla leaves had both enterotoxin and emetic toxin. Toxin genes entFM (100%), nheA (100%) and hblA, C, D (65.5%) were frequently found in the perilla leaves, whereas EM (21.0%) was less common. Most isolates were susceptible to 10 antibiotics, but they were highly resistant to penicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), oxacillin (94.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (95.6%), cefazolin (78.2%), and rifampicin (58.0%). These results indicate that food-borne outbreak caused by B. cereus might lead to diarrhea and emetic syndromes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Thirty one of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from perilla leaf cultivation areas in Miryang were investigated on the characteristics, such as enterotoxin genes and antibiotic susceptibility. Five toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see) were examined by PCR method. Disc diffusion method was used to examine the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus by using 18 types of antibiotic discs with different concentrations. Among enterotoxin-encoding genes, sea and sed genes were co-detected from 4 isolates (12.9%), sed gene was founded in 9 isolates (29.0%), and see gene was founded in 1 isolate (3.2%). However seb and sec and tsst were not detected in any isolates. As a result of antibiotic susceptibility test, 7 isolates (22.6%) were resistant to 12 antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cephalothin, imipenem, gentamicin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and erythromycin). 2 isolates (6.5%) were resistant to 5 antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamycin, and telithromycin). MRSA (Methicilline Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was founded in packing vinyl, hands, and perilla leaves.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 1998

The isolates from putrefying soybean curd were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Cardiobacterium sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea sp., Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Xenorhabdus luminescens, Yersinia sp.. The existence percentages of the bacteria from putrefying soybean curd at room temperature storage were Bacillus cereus J55 23.57%, Xenorhabdus luminescens J48 22.73%, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus J61 22.26%, Klebsiella pneumoniae J62 21.25%, Salmonella typhimurium J51 2.87%, Pantoea sp. J57 2.65%, Bacillus sp. J58 1.43%, Cardiobacterium sp. J54 1.26%, Escherichia coli J53 1.20%, Staphvlococcus aureus J6O 0.93%, Yersinia sp. J50 0.05%, respectively. Four out of eleven bacteria as B. cereu J55, X. luminescens J48, Ac. calcoaceticus J61, Kl. pneumoniae J62 putrefied soybean curd and those bacteria produce amylase or proteinase as a extracellular enzyme. But S. typhimurium J51, Pantoea sp. J57, Bacillus sp. J58, Cardiobacterium sp. J54, E. coli 153, St. aureus J60, Yersinia sp. J50 were not putrefied soybean curd. The isolates detected to resistant on various antimicrobial agents. The majority were resistant to aminoside antiboitics as amicacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and were susceptible to ${\beta}$-lactamine antibiotics as penicillin G, oxacillin, cephalothin cefazolin, cefamandole.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Purpose : We aimed to compare the clinical features and antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by pathogens other than E. coli (non-E. coli) with UTI caused by E. coli in children. Methods : We enrolled patients with culture-proven UTI, who were admitted to the study hospital from September 2008 to August 2009. We investigated clinical data of patients with UTI and antibiotic resistance of isolated strains. For comparison, patients were divided according by results of the urine culture into E. coli and non-E. coli UTI groups. Results : A total of 84 patients participated in this study. Twenty one cases (25.0%) were caused by non-E. coli pathogens. Frequency of non-E. coli UTI differed according to age and sex: 'male <6 months', 10.5%; 'male ${\geq}$6 months', 50.0%; 'female <6 months', 43.7%; and 'female ${\geq}$6 months', 25.0% (P=0.014). More patients who received previous antibiotic treatment (P=0.017), but fewer patients who showed hematuria (P=0.014) were included in the non-E. coli UTI group than in the E. coli UTI group. Comparison of antibiotic resistance showed that the non-E. coli UTI group possessed more strains that were resistant to cefazolin, cefotaxime, imipenem, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) and tetracycline than the E. coli UTI group (P<0.05). Conclusion : Increased incidence, different distribution by age and sex, and high antibiotic resistance of non-E. coli UTI should be considered in selection of empirical antibiotics for treatment of UTI in children.